Magnetic Data Pattern Features at Longitudinal Defect Sites in Rebars Scanned by a Passive Magnetic Inspection Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-528
Author(s):  
Milad Mosharafi ◽  
SeyedBijan Mahbaz ◽  
Maurice B. Dusseault
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Reinforcement Condition ◽  
Defect Sites

Reinforced concrete is a versatile modern construction material. Despite its advantages as a composite material, corrosion of the embedded reinforcing steel leads to infrastructure deterioration and loss of service. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are required to quantify the reinforcement condition, and to help manage human and financial risks arising from unexpected outright failure or service restrictions. Reinforcement condition can be assessed using a novel, time- and cost-efficient NDT method based on the self-magnetic behaviour of ferromagnetic materials. In this study, the magnetic properties of three similar rebars, each having three similar sized longitudinal defects, are recorded and assessed through experiments and a numerical simulation model. Strong correspondence is demonstrated between the magnetic properties from numerical simulation and from the experimental objects. For instance, applying the experimentally obtained defect detection threshold to the mathematically simulated results allows accurate defect detection in the simulations, showing that self-magnetic behavior is a powerful tool for condition assessment of ferromagnetic reinforcing materials.

Magnetische Eigenschaften der Normaltemperaturform von CsTmO2 / Magnetic Properties of the Normal-Temperature Form of CsTmO2

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Urland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Crystal Field ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Angular Overlap Model ◽  
Temperature Form ◽  
Overlap Model

AbstractThe magnetic behaviour of the normal-temperature-form of CsTmO2 (NT-CsTmO2) has been studied in the temperature range between 2.9 and 251.3 K. In order to interpret the magnetic data a method applying the angular overlap model has been established to assess the crystal-field (CF) parameters of NT-CsTmO2 (CF symmetry: D3d) from the known CF parameters for Tm3+ substituted in YVO4 (CF symmetry: D2d)-With these CF parameters the observed magnetic properties of NT-CsTmO2 can be satisfactorily simulated. The calculation of the paramagnetic principal susceptibilities yields a high magnetic anisotropy, especially at low temperatures. The energy values of the CF levels of the 3H6 ground state are calculated.

scholarly journals Phase Composition and Magnetic Behaviour of Iron Sand from Syiah Kuala Beach Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Jalil ◽  
Eva Novita Sari ◽  
Ismail A B ◽  
Erfan Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
Magnetization Saturation ◽  
Banda Aceh

<span>It has recently been investigated that ball milling can improve the magnetic properties of natural <span>iron sand significantly. In this work, we present the phase composition and magnetic behavior of <span>iron sand from Syiah Kuala Beach, Banda Aceh. Samples were prepared by mechanical alloying <span>method using a Fritsch planetary ball mill for 20 hours. As the results, it was shown by XRD test<br /><span>that Fe<span>3<span>O<span>4 <span>(magnetite) appears as the majority phase and the magnetic properties observation <span>shown that the magnetization saturation (Ms) and remanent (Br) was decreased with the increasing <span>of the coercivity (Hc).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span>

Magnetic Properties of xCeO2•(50 − x) PbO•50B2O3 Glasses and Glass Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4486-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.El Damrawi ◽  
F. Gharghar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Essential Change

Cerium oxide in borate glasses of composition xCeO2·(50 − x)PbO·50B2O3 plays an important role in changing both microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the system. The structural role of CeO2 as an effective agent for cluster and crystal formation in borate network is clearly evidenced by XRD technique. Both structure and size of well-formed cerium separated clusters have an effective influence on the structural properties. The cluster aggregations are documented to be found in different range ordered structures, intermediate and long range orders are the most structures in which cerium phases are involved. The nano-sized crystallized cerium species in lead borate phase are evidenced to have magnetic behavior.  The criteria of building new specific borate phase enriched with cerium as ferrimagnetism has been found to keep the magnetization in large scale even at extremely high temperature. Treating the glass thermally or exposing it to an effective dose of ionized radiation is evidenced to have an essential change in magnetic properties. Thermal heat treatment for some of investigated materials is observed to play dual roles in the glass matrix. It can not only enhance alignment processes of the magnetic moment but also increases the capacity of the crystallite species in the magnetic phases. On the other hand, reverse processes are remarked under the effect of irradiation. The magnetization was found to be lowered, since several types of the trap centers which are regarded as defective states can be produced by effect of ionized radiation. 

Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Characterization of Sm-substituted Ni-Zn Ferrite

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif bin Zahari ◽  
Beh Hoe Guan ◽  
Lee Kean Chuan ◽  
Afiq Azri bin Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technique

Background: Rare earth materials are known for its salient electrical insulation properties with high values of electrical resistivity. It is expected that the substitution of rare earth ions into spinel ferrites could significantly alter its magnetic properties. In this work, the effect of the addition of Samarium ions on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5SmxFe2-xO4 (x=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) synthesized using sol-gel auto combustion technique was investigated. Methods: A series of Samarium-substituted Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5SmxFe2-xO4 where x=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion technique. Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the samples were examined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Results: XRD patterns revealed single-phased samples with spinel cubic structure up to x= 0.04. The average crystallite size of the samples varied in the range of 41.8 – 85.6 nm. The prepared samples exhibited agglomerated particles with larger grain size observed in Sm-substituted Ni-Zn ferrite as compared to the unsubstituted sample. The prepared samples exhibited typical soft magnetic behavior as evidenced by the small coercivity field. The magnetic saturation, Ms values decreased as the Sm3+ concentration increases. Conclusion: The substituted Ni-Zn ferrites form agglomerated particles inching towards more uniform microstructure with each increase in Sm3+ substitution. The saturation magnetization of substituted samples decreases with the increase of samarium ion concentration. The decrease in saturation magnetization can be explained based on weak super exchange interaction between A and B sites. The difference in magnetic properties between the samples despite the slight difference in Sm3+ concentrations suggests that the properties of the NiZnFe2O4 can be ‘tuned’, depending on the present need, through the substitution of Fe3+ with rare earth ions.

scholarly journals Effect of coverage on the magnetic properties of -COOH, -SH, and -NH2 ligand-protected cobalt nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Farkas ◽  
Nora Henriette De Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cobalt Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour

Implementation of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine requires their passivation, which often comes at a cost of diminished magnetic properties. For the design of nano-agents with targeted magnetic behaviour, it is...

Hydrothermal synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a three-dimensional cobalt(ii) – aminophenyltetrazolate coordination polymer

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (19) ◽  
pp. 7263-7268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Smith ◽  
Michael Tichenor ◽  
Yuan-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Kim R. Dunbar ◽  
Jon Zubieta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Ac Magnetic Susceptibility

The three-dimensional [Co3(OH)2(H2O)2(aptet)4] exhibits magnetic properties consistent with a ferrimagnetic chain with the non-compensating resultant moment of one Co(ii) per trinuclear Co(ii) subunit and ac magnetic susceptibility indicative of glassy-like magnetic behavior.

scholarly journals Probing nanoscale behavior of magnetic materials with soft X-ray spectromicroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Charles S. Fadley
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Magnetic Nanostructures ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Research Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractThe magnetic properties of matter continue to be a vibrant research area driven both by scientific curiosity to unravel the basic physical processes which govern magnetism and the vast and diverse utilization of magnetic materials in current and future devices, e.g., in information and sensor technologies. Relevant length and time scales approach fundamental limits of magnetism and with state-of-the-art synthesis approaches we are able to create and tailor unprecedented properties. Novel analytical tools are required to match these advances and soft X-ray probes are among the most promising ones. Strong and element-specific magnetic X-ray dichroism effects as well as the nanometer wavelength of photons and the availability of fsec short and intense X-ray pulses at upcoming X-ray sources enable unique experimental opportunities for the study of magnetic behavior. This article provides an overview of recent achievements and future perspectives in magnetic soft X-ray spectromicroscopies which permit us to gain spatially resolved insight into the ultrafast spin dynamics and the magnetic properties of buried interfaces of advanced magnetic nanostructures.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behaviour of Dimeric and Polymeric Gadolinium Trifluoroacetate Complexes

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela John ◽  
Alexander Rohde ◽  
Werner Urland
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Carboxylate Groups

The gadolinium(III) trifluoroacetates ((CH3)2NH2)[Gd(CF3COO)4] (1), ((CH3)3NH)[Gd(CF3 COO)4(H2O)] (2), Gd(CF3COO)3(H2O)3 (3) as well as Gd2(CF3COO)6(H2O)2(phen)3 · C2H5OH (4) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. These compounds crystallize in the space group P1̅ (No. 2, Z = 2) (1, 2 and 4) and P 21/c (No. 14, Z = 4) (3), respectively, with the following lattice constants 1: a = 884.9(2), b = 1024.9(2), c = 1173.1(2) pm, α = 105.77(2), β = 99.51(2), γ = 107.93(2)°; 2: a = 965.1(1), b = 1028.6(1), c = 1271.3(2) pm, α = 111.83(2), β = 111.33(2), γ = 90.44(2)°; 3: a = 919.6(2), b = 1890.6(4), c = 978.7(2) pm, β = 113.94(2)°; 4: a = 1286.7(8), b = 1639.3(8), c = 1712.2(9) pm, α = 62.57(6), β = 84.13(5), γ = 68.28(5)°. The compounds consist of Gd3+ ions which are bridged by carboxylate groups either to chains (1 and 2) or to dimers (3 and 4). In addition to the Gd3+ dimers, compound (4) also contains monomeric Gd3+ units. The magnetic behaviour of 2 and 3 was investigated in a temperature range of 1.77 to 300 K. The magnetic data for these compounds indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions

Studies of metal halides. Magnetic properties of some molybdenum(III) binuclear complex halides

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
IE Grey ◽  
PW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Binuclear Complex ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Metal Halides ◽  
Metal Interaction ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Halide Complexes

The variation of magnetic susceptibility with temperature for a number of binuclear halide complexes of molybdenum of formula A3IMo2X9 (A = Cs, Et4N, Et3NH; X = Cl, Br) has been studied over the range 90-400�K. The magnetic behaviour is consistent with that expected for magnetically isolated exchange-coupled pairs of molybdenum atoms. The coupling is interpreted as occurring mainly by direct metal-metal interaction rather than superexchange.

scholarly journals Intrinsically magnetic susceptibility in human blood and its impact on cell separation: Non-classical and intermediate monocytes have the strongest magnetic behavior in fresh human blood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer Gómez-Pastora ◽  
James Kim ◽  
Victor Multanen ◽  
Mitchell Weigand ◽  
Nicole Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Cell Tracking Velocimetry ◽  
Classical Monocytes

The presence of iron in circulating monocytes is well known as they play an essential role in iron recycling. It has been demonstrated that the iron content of blood cells can be measured through their magnetic behavior; however, the magnetic properties of different monocyte subtypes remain unknown. In this study, we report for the first time, the magnetic behavior of classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes, which is related to their iron storage capacity. The magnetic properties of monocytes were compared to other blood cells, such as lymphocytes and red blood cells in the oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin states, and a cancer cell type. For this analysis, we used an instrument referred to as Cell Tracking Velocimetry (CTV), which quantitatively characterizes the magnetic behavior of biological entities. Our results demonstrate that significant fractions of the intermediate and non-classical monocytes have high magnetophoretic mobilities, equivalent to methemoglobin red blood cells and higher than the classical subset, suggesting their higher iron storage capacities. Moreover, our findings have implications for the immunomagnetic separation industry; we demonstrate that negative magnetic isolation techniques for recovering monocytes from blood should be used with caution, as it is possible to lose magnetic monocytes when using this technique.

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