scholarly journals DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND SUGAR AND ALCOHOL YIELD OF SUGARCANE SUBMITTED TO NITROGEN SOURCES AND DOSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e5446
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares ◽  
Antonio Evami Cavalcante Sousa ◽  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stalk Yield

The study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen sources and doses application effects on the dry matter production and the sugar and alcohol gross yield of sugarcane (SP80-1816) in the cane-plant cycle in a dystrophic Red Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in the Fazenda Rio Paraiso II field, belonging to Usina Raízen, in Jataí - GO. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme (2 x 4), with three replications. The treatments consisted of two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium nitrate) and four nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Dry matter variables were analyzed in sub-subdivided plots, as four evaluation periods were added (210, 250, 290, and 330 days after planting). The evaluation periods influenced sugarcane dry matter, and urea favored these variables to the ammonium nitrate's detriment. In contrast, the opposite occurred for stalk yield and sugar and alcohol yields, in which ammonium nitrate provided greater increments. The increase in nitrogen doses provided linear gains in practically all studied variables.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition of Solanum americanum

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bianco ◽  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
M.S. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Experimental Stage

A greenhouse trial was carried out from November 1995 to April 1996 at FCAV/UNESP, Brazil, aiming to study the dry matter production and the accumulation and distribution of macronutrients in Solanum americanum, an important weed for annual and perennial crops in Brazil. The plants were grown in seven liter pots with sand substrate, irrigated daily with Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments corresponded to evaluation times at 14 day intervals, beginning 21 days after emergence (DAE). In each evaluation, the plants of four pots were analyzed for dry matter production and macronutrient content. S. americanum had a small dry matter and macronutrient accumulation at the beginning of the experimental stage, increasing after 77 DAE and reaching the maximum theoretical value at 142, 142, 164, 149, 140, 149 and 152 DAE, for dry matter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. K and N were the most accumulated macronutrients for S. americanum plants.

scholarly journals Nutrition and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated with different spacings and organic fertilizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
João A. Silva ◽  
Aureliano J. V. Pires ◽  
Raul C. C. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Matter Production

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of macronutrients in cladodes and yield of cactus pear, cv. ‘Gigante’, cultivated with different cattle manure doses and plant spacings. The experimental design was randomized blocks in 4 x 3 factorial, with three replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four doses of cattle manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1) with three spacings (1.00 x 0.50, 2.00 x 0.25 and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m). The contents of macronutrients and dry matter production of cladodes were assessed 600 days after planting. The plant spacings influenced the contents of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur in the cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear and there was interaction between spacing and manure dose for magnesium contents. The increment in cattle manure doses increases the contents of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and sulfur in the cladodes. The maximum dry matter production of cladodes is estimated at 21.8 Mg ha-1 year-1 at a dose of 71.8 Mg ha-1 year-1 of manure.

scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Rex Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Variable Environments

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as ‘Crystal’, ‘Satin II’ and ‘Jade-AU‘  have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (<50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops.  Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of High-Yielding Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Grown in a Sandy Soil1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Halevy ◽  
A. Hartzook
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Growth and NPK uptake of peanut of cultivar Shulamit (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy soil (Xeropsamment - Torripsamment) was investigated under favorable semi-arid conditions conducive to high yields. The rate of dry matter production was slow until flowering at 44 days after planting when only 6% of the total dry matter had been produced. From flowering until 111 days. 58% of the total dry matter was produced with an average rate of 97 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Thereafter, from 112 days until 128 days, at the pod ripening stage, the rate was 233 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Total dry matter production was 11,200 kg ha-1, of which 54% was in the leaves and stems and 46% in the pods. The pod dry matter yield was 5200 kg ha-1. The total uptake of N and P followed generally that of dry matter production, whereas highest K uptake occurred at 128 days and then decreased by 26% at harvest time. The total uptake of N, P, and K was 300, 27 and 244 kg ha-1, respectively. At 128 days the N, P, and K in the pods was 63, 71, and 16% of the total uptake of N, P, and K, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of ammonium nitrate and Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer on dry matter accumulation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2010 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Andrea Balla Kovács ◽  
Anita Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Significant Difference

Pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of increasing NH4NO3 doses with or without Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizerapplication on dry matter production of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Experiment was set up on calcareous chernozem soil of Debrecen-Látókép and on humus sandy soil of Őrbottyán. The bi-factorial trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Grass was cut three times. Dry matter production was determined and the sum of biomass of cuts was calculated as cumulated dry weights. Analysis of variance was carried out on the data in order to provide a statistical comparison between the treatment means. The least significant difference (LSD5%) test was used to detect differences between means. On the basis of our results it can be concluded, that the dry weights of ryegrass cultivated on chernozem soil were higher than on sandy soil. With increasing nitrogen supply the dry matter production of grass significantly increased in both types of soils. In case of sandy soil the increasing effect was more expressed, but dry weights of this soil never reached the appropriate values of chernozem soil. Application of Microbion UNC had positive effect on dry matter production of ryegrass grown on both two types of soils but the effect was more expressed on chernozem soil. Finally it can be concluded that the increasing effect of NH4NO3 on biomass weights was more expressed in both types of soils, the biofertilizer application also increased the dry weights of plant in a small degree. 

scholarly journals Strawberry Growth and Development in an Annual Plasticulture System

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Laura M. Butler ◽  
Frank J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Matter Production

The growth and development of three strawberry cultivars commonly grown in a plasticulture system were documented. Strawberry plants were harvested monthly and divided by roots, crown, leaves, flowers, and fruit and then dried in an oven. The dry matter production and resource allocation proceeded along a predictable pattern of development. The establishment phase was characterized by an active period of growth of root, crown and leaves in the fall. Through the winter, the plants underwent slow growth, ending in a transition period in the late winter/early spring when resources were allocated to both vegetative and reproductive growth. In the spring, all plant parts received significantly increased allocation of, or redistribution of, resources. Cultivars of California origin, `Chandler' and `Camarosa', displayed similar trends in yield, dry matter production, seasonal resource allocation, and growth analysis variables throughout the season. `Sweet Charlie', a cultivar from Florida, showed lower dry matter accumulation and relative growth rate in the spring, higher harvest index and lower yield than the California cultivars.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF THE T-SUM METHOD FOR EFFICIENT TIMING OF SPRING NITROGEN APPLICATIONS ON FORAGE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO ◽  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
D. L. BATES ◽  
N. E. HOLBEK
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Seven field trials were conducted over 3 years (1984–1986) at two locations (Agassiz and Oyster River) in south coastal British Columbia to determine forage response to 100 kg N ha−1 applied at various time intervals in the spring according to the accumulation of average air temperatures above 0 °C from 1 Jan. (T-sum). A T-sum of 200 has been reported to be the optimum time for N application in western Europe and the United Kingdom. Both urea and ammonium nitrate were applied at the Oyster River location, while only ammonium nitrate was applied at Agassiz. First-cut forage dry matter production responded to the timing of N application in a variety of ways in the seven trials, with a decrease in growth as N was applied later in the season in most cases. In one trial, dry matter production was lowest at T-100 and T-150 compared to later times of application. Although there were variations among the trials, overall the highest yields occurred when N was applied at T-200 to T-300. Crop quality (%N or crude protein content), however, tended to increase as N was applied later in the season. Recovery of N in the plant and soil at harvest was relatively uniform for all times of N application and the distribution of extractable inorganic N in the soil profile suggested little N leaching. The dominant form of inorganic N found in the soil was ammonium. The cool soil temperatures and flush of plant and microbial activity probably contributed to the apparent lack of leaching and response of the grass to the N applied at various times early in the growing season. The timing of N application in the spring resulted in varying residual effects, whether N was applied or not after the first cut.Key words: N fertilization, yield, quality, timing, N recovery

Density and row spacing effects on irrigated short wheats at low latitude

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
I. Aguilar M. ◽  
R. Maurer O. ◽  
S. Rivas A.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Very High

SummaryDuring four winter seasons eight spacing and density experiments were made under irrigated high fertility conditions in north-west Mexico (latitude 27° N). Experiments included various Triticum aestivum and T. durum genotypes of spring habit, short stature derived from Norin 10 genes, and contrasting plant type. Measurements included dry-matter production, photosynthetic area index, and light interception during one experiment, total dry matter at maturity in most others and grain yield and its numerical components in all experiments.Grain yield and most other crop characters were unaffected by row spacings within the range 10–45 cm interrow width. The optimal seeding density for maximum grain yield was 40–100 kg/ha (80–200 plants/m2). Yield reductions at lower densities (20, 25 kg/ha) were slight and accompanied by reduced total dry-matter production. Yield reductions at higher densities (160–300 kg/ha) were also slight and were associated with more spikes/m2 but fewer grains/m2 and reduced harvest index. It is suggested that lower than normal preanthesis solar radiation or weather conditions leading to lodging can magnify these yield depressions at higher densities.Measurements showed rapid approach of crops to 95% light interception, reached even at a density of 50 kg/ha within 50 days of seeding. It is suggested that provided this occurs before the beginning of substantial dry-matter accumulation in the growing spikes (60 days after seeding) there will be no loss of grain yield with reduced seeding density. Results point to a ceiling photosynthetic area index for maximum crop growth rate although there was a tendency for rates to fall at very high indices (> 9). This tendency was associated with very high density, high maximum numbers of shoots, poor survival of shoots to give spikes (< 30%) and reduced number of grains/m3;. The relatively low optimal densities seen here may be characteristic of genotypes derived from Norin 10.Genotype × spacing, genotype × density and spacing × density interactions were generally non-significant and always small. There was a tendency for the presence of non-erect leaves or branched spikes to reduce the optimal density, but large differences in tillering capacity had no influence. Differences in lodging susceptibility can however lead to substantial genotype x density interactions.

DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING IN VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF COTTON BOLLS

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEIYU TANG ◽  
WENJUN XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Lint Percentage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYThe distribution of dry matter among the fractions of cotton boll (the bur, the fibre and the seed) may have significant impact on fibre biomass per boll, and consequently on lint yield. Little is known on how cotton boll allocates available photosynthetic assimilates to its components. A two-year field study was conducted to ascertain the difference in boll dry matter production and partitioning among three cotton genotypes differing in boll size and lint percentage. The dynamics of dry matter production in all fractions of cotton boll against boll age followed a logistic pattern. The final dry weights of all components were largely due to the duration of dry matter exponential accumulation, and less correlated with the maximal rate of exponential accumulation. Partitioning biomass to the bur differed significantly among these genotypes at 10 days post-anthesis (DPA). The genotypic difference in partitioning biomass to the fibre was originally observed at 24 DPA in 2009, while in 2010, this was observed at 17 DPA. The genotypic difference emerged rather late for the seed ratio compared with the fibre ratio and the bur ratio, which was first observed at 45 DPA in 2009 and at 31 DPA in 2010. These results indicate that management practices may need to be applied to cotton plants prior to 31 DPA to ensure optimal boll size and partitioning. Large boll genotype MM-2 consistently maintained higher seed ratio and lower fibre ratio than two other genotypes (2870 and AX) due to more developing ovules in its boll. These differences contributed to significant difference in lint percentage and less difference in fibre mass per boll between MM-2 and 2870 and AX.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document