Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus types 1 and 2 in Erbil City and related factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galawezh Othman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Family Strain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different types of Diabetes Mellitus; the data collected from 84 patients randomly in Layla Qasem Diabetic center in Erbil city to study some genetic factors on Diabetes Mellitus disease by depend on their ages, gender, family history, Blood group and albumin in urine. In case of age average of their age was 40% between 50_60 years old and by depending on their Gender, average of genders 70% was female and 30% male in type 2, while in type 1 40% female and 60% male. The relationship between their family strain 43% of them was positive in type 2DM, and 50% positive in type 1DM. Then we compared their blood group according to our results 39 % of them was O blood group,  and in case of albumin in their urine ,in type 2 DM 35% was 30mg/l ,37% was 10mg/l, 9% was 150mg/l, and  19% was 80 mg/l .also in type 1DM 43% was 10mg/l, 11% was 150mg/l, 33% was 30 mg/l, and  13% 80mg/l . We concluded that Diabetes Mellitus in our area is more common in female than male, the percentage of the diabetes increased with age and most diabetic patients have O blood Group.

scholarly journals Number of cases of type 1 and 2 diabetes diagnosed in Amapá between 2007 and 2012

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Kauê de Melo Souza ◽  
Lucas Facco ◽  
Amanda Alves Fecury ◽  
Maria Helena Mendonça de Araújo ◽  
Euzébio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Food Education ◽  
Different Types

Diabetes mellitus is a succession of different types of disorders in metabolism that are characterized by causing a high rate of blood sugar. Because it is a disease with genetic factors type 1 diabetes has as main risk factor heredity, while type 2 diabetes besides these factors, includes obesity, high blood pressure, poor food education and advancing age. This study aims to show the number of cases of type 1 and 2 diabetes diagnosed in Amapá with the variables gender, age group, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, smoking, between 2007 and 2012. The data for the research were taken from the computer department of SUS, DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br). Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM1 and DM2) are diseases that are tied to disturbances in production or in the efficient use of insulin. Smoking, as well as sedentary lifestyle and overweight are important risk factors for the development of DM2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus provides the development of various organic nerve lesions. In addition, DM2, through its chronicity, enables the development of retinopathies, nephropathies and other conditions negative to the individual’s health.

Relationship of Soluble RAGE and RAGE Ligands HMGB1 and EN-RAGE to Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (05) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Škrha Jr ◽  
M. Kalousová ◽  
J. Švarcová ◽  
A. Muravská ◽  
J. Kvasnička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽  
Soluble Rage

AbstractReceptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays the essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The aim of the study was to compare concentration of soluble RAGE and its ligands (EN-RAGE and HMGB1) with different biochemical parameters in Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus.Total number of 154 persons (45 T1DM, 68 T2DM, 41 controls) was examined and concentrations of sRAGE, EN-RAGE and HMGB1 were measured and compared to diabetes control, albuminuria, cell adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases (MMPs).Mean serum sRAGE concentration was higher in T1DM as compared to controls (1137±532 ng/l vs. 824±309 ng/l, p<0.01). Similarly, EN-RAGE was significantly higher in both diabetic groups (p<0.001) and HMGB1 concentrations were elevated in T2DM patients (p<0.01). Significant relationship was found between MMP9 and HMGB1 and EN-RAGE in diabetic patients. Inverse relationship was observed between MMP2 and MMP9 in both types of diabetic patients (r= − 0.602, p<0.002 and r= − 0.771, p<0.001). Significant positive correlation was found between sRAGE and ICAM-1, VCAM-1 or vWF (p<0.01 to p<0.001).We conclude that serum sRAGE and RAGE ligands concentrations reflect endothelial dysfunction developing in diabetes.

scholarly journals Sleep Characteristics in Diabetic Patients Depending on the Occurrence of Neuropathic Pain and Related Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8125
Author(s):  
Cristina Naranjo ◽  
María Dueñas ◽  
Carlos Barrera ◽  
Guillermo Moratalla ◽  
Inmaculada Failde
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to compare the sleep characteristics (structure and quality) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), and to investigate the relationship of sensory phenotypes, anxiety, and depression with sleep quality in DNP patients. A cross-sectional study was performed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathy. Patients were classified into two groups—with or without neuropathic pain—according to the “Douleur Neuropathique-4 (DN4)” scale. Sleep characteristics and quality (Medical Outcomes Study—MOS-sleep), pain phenotype (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory—NPSI), mood status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale—HADS), pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale—VAS), and quality of life (SF-12v2) were measured. The sample included 130 patients (65 with DNP). The mean scores in all the dimensions of the MOS-sleep scale were higher (more disturbances) in the DNP patients. Higher scores in anxiety or depression, greater intensity of pain or a higher score in the paroxysmal pain phenotype were associated with lower sleep quality in DNP patients. A shorter duration of the diabetes and lower levels of glycated hemoglobin were also associated with lower sleep quality. The results show the relationship between DNP and sleep quality, and the importance of assessing sensory phenotypes and mental comorbidities in these patients. Taking these factors into consideration, to adopt a multimodal approach is necessary to achieve better clinical results.

scholarly journals Effect of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Complication and Reoperation Rates of Ankle Arthrodesis and Total Ankle Arthroplasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0049
Author(s):  
William Tucker ◽  
Brandon Morris ◽  
Armin Tarakemeh ◽  
Scott Mullen ◽  
Paul Schroeppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Ankle Arthrodesis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ankle Arthritis ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Reoperation Rates

Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a risk for increased rate of complications in many orthopaedic procedures, especially in patients undergoing elective arthroplasty procedures. Treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis includes both arthroplasty and arthrodesis. Current literature provides minimal guidance regarding outcomes of total ankle replacement (TAR) or ankle arthrodesis (AA) in diabetic patients. The authors of this study utilized a large database to compare rates of postoperative complications and reoperations of diabetic patients undergoing surgical management of ankle arthritis to rates seen in non-diabetic patients. Methods: Using the PearlDiver Technologies, Inc. database, Medicare patients diagnosed with ankle arthritis using ICD-9 codes were identified from 2005 to 2014. Patients were then sorted as diabetic or non-diabetic. Diabetic patients were then further stratified into Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Type 2 diabetics requiring insulin (T2ID) and not requiring insulin (T2NID) were also isolated. Patients were identified who underwent either AA or TAR utilizing ICD-9 procedure and CPT codes. These groups were evaluated for postoperative complications and reoperation rates. Chi-Squared testing was used to determine significance. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether diabetes represents an independent risk factor. Results: 1477 diabetic patients underwent TAR and 5399 underwent AA versus 3900 TAR and 7838 AA in nondiabetics. Diabetics undergoing AA experienced complications at 32.2%, reoperations at 30.8%, and revisions at 18.7% versus 13.3%, 22.3%, and 19.2% respectively in patients without diabetes(P<0.05). In diabetics undergoing TAR, the complication rate was 21.6% and reoperation rates were 16.9% versus 12.5% and 13% respectively in their non-diabetic counterparts(P<0.05). Revision rates were similar. Patients with T1DM had more reoperations and complications in both TAR and AA compared to those with T2DM (P<0.05). In both surgical groups, Patients with T2ID had more complications and reoperations than those with T2NID(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed diabetes as an independent risk factor for complication and reoperation in AA but only complication in TAR(P <0.05). Conclusion: Patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus experienced higher complication and total reoperation rates when undergoing either TAR or AA. T1DM appears to impart a greater risk of surgical complication and repeat surgical intervention than does T2DM. However when insulin is required in T2DM, complication and reoperation rates are similar to those of T1DM. Patient selection for surgical management of end-stage ankle arthritis should incorporate diabetic type and insulin dependency when considering surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in urban and rural districts in the area of Wolisso Hospital, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Madia ◽  
M Soprana ◽  
A Mele ◽  
C Kadhim ◽  
N Binello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Glycemic Target ◽  
Insulin Storage ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus has been rapidly growing in developing countries, both in urban and rural contexts. Ethiopia has the largest diabetes population in sub-Saharan Africa (2.6 million adult people). At Wolisso Hospital, a collaboration is underway between Doctors with Africa CUAMM and the local Association of Diabetic Patients, with the aim of guaranteeing the correct monitoring and treatment of the disease. Between December 2018 and May 2019, 244 diabetic patients were visited in a dedicated outpatient room in Wolisso Hospital; in 55 selected patients (type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, ≥ 2 visits in the 6 months, on insulin therapy), a further set of variables was measured, including: modality of insulin storage, monthly glycemic measurements, compliance with prescribed therapy, glycemic control, knowledge of glycemic target. Based on their urban or rural provenience, patients were split in two groups (27 urban, 28 rural). The χ2-test was used to determine significance. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was reported for the following variables: availability of a fridge for insulin storage (51.9% urban vs 21.4% rural, p = 0.039), compliance with prescribed therapy (63.0% urban vs 35.7% rural, p = 0.043), prevalence of hypertension (55.6% urban vs 28.6% rural, p = 0.043), alcohol consumption (32.1% rural vs 11.1% urban, p = 0.018). 13/27 urban patients and 21/28 rural patients reported that they stored insulin in the sand. No substantial variation between the groups is observed for BMI, glycemic control, number of monthly glycemic measurements and knowledge of glycemic target. The differences highlighted between type 2 diabetic patients from urban and rural districts of the area of Wolisso suggest that these populations probably have different features and risk factors; this consideration may be useful in the organization of specific public health interventions aimed at addressing the issue in the different settings. Key messages The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus has been rapidly growing in developing countries, both in urban and rural contexts. The differences highlighted between type 2 diabetic patients from urban and rural districts of the area of Wolisso suggest that these populations probably have different features and risk factors.

scholarly journals Chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Lomakina ◽  
O. V. Taratina ◽  
E. A. Belousova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Background: For a long time there has been a discussion about how chronic pancreatitis (CP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are related to each other. If a patient has both conditions, should they be viewed as two separate disorders, or one of them is a plausible consequence of the other? If the latter is true, what are pathophysiological mechanisms of DM in CP? Current consensus documents by specialists in pancreatic diseases pay little attention to this issue, and their main statements have low level of evidence. The Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of CP (2016) contains no statements on DM. In the Russian guidelines and consensus documents to be developed, it is necessary to include provisions on the pancreatogenic DM as an independent “other type DM’, with consideration of its pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical particulars.Aim: To characterize the state-of-the-art in pancreatogenic DM, to demonstrate its differences from DM types 1 and 2 from pathogenetic and clinical perspectives.Methods: The review is based on the results of meta-analyses, systematic reviews and main provisions of the existing clinical guidelines and consensus documents available from PubMed and E-library.Results: According to various sources, Type 3c DM, or latent impaired glucose tolerance in CP, can eventually develop in 25 to 80% patients with CP. Impaired glucose tolerance is found in 40 to 60% of patients with acute pancreatitis, with persistent hyperglycemia after acute episode seen in 15 to 18% of the patients. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is commonly seen in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients, although the data on its prevalence are highly contradictory indicating a lack of knowledge in the field. Type 3c DM is characterized by its manifestation at later stages of CP, concomitant excretory deficiency of the pancreas, brittle course with proneness to hypoglycemia and no ketoacidosis. The highest risk group includes patients with longstanding CP, previous partial pancreatic resection and patients with early calcifying pancreatitis, mainly of the alcoholic origin. Optimal and rational medical treatment of pancreatogenic DM still remains disputable, while the evidence base of the efficacy and safety of various anti-diabetic agents in this disease is lacking, and no consensus on the issue has been yet reached. General treatment guidelines given in a number of international consensus documents are limited to cautious insulin administration.Conclusion: Pancreatogenic DM differs from Type 1 and Type 2 DM in a number of aspects, namely, mechanisms of hyperglycemia, hormonal profiles, clinical particulars and treatment approaches. Endocrine pancreatic insufficiency in CP is caused by secondary inflammatory injury of the pancreatic islets. The key to specifics of Type 3c DM lies in anatomical and physiological interplay of the exocrine and endocrine compartments of the pancreas. At presents, most provisions on pancreatogenic DM are empirical and seem to be rather declarative, because intrinsic mechanisms of this type of diabetes and moreover its pathogenetically based treatment have been poorly studied. Nevertheless, all patients with CP or other pancreatic diseases should be assessed for pancreatogenic DM.

scholarly journals Genetic Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Marklová
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Practically all types of diabetes mellitus (DM) result from complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Multifactorial and polygenic Type 1 DM is strongly influenced by genes controlling the immune system, mainly HLA-DQ and DR. In addition to this, many other predisposition loci, interacting with each other, have some influence on susceptibility to DM. Heterogeneous Type 2 DM, accounting for about 85 % of all diabetic patients, is supposed to be induced by multiple genes defects involved in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. Other genetically influenced traits like obesity and hyperlipidemia are strongly associated with the Type 2. The group called Other specific types of DM include monogenic forms MODY 1-5 and many various subtypes of the disease, where the specific gene mutations have been identified. Both genetic and intrauterine environmental influences are likely to contribute to the abnormalities defined as Gestational DM.

scholarly journals Grip strength is associated with retinal and choroidal thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Qiu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yan Tan ◽  
Miao He ◽  
Lanhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relationship between grip strength and retinal or choroidal thickness in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignObservational study-cross-sectional design.Setting and ParticipantsThe study was conducted among diabetes patients without retinopathy registered in the community health system in Guangzhou, China.MeasuresGrip strength was measured twice for each hand with a dynamometer in kilograms (kg). The retinal and choroidal thickness in macular Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sectors were measured by commercial swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT; DRI OCT-2 Triton; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan).ResultsA total of 1,029 patients were included in the study. Both retinal thickness and choroidal thickness increased with the higher quartile of grip strength. Regression analyses indicated that the average retinal and choroidal thickness increased by 0.14 μm (95%CI: 0.03-0.25 μm, P=0.011) and 0.57 μm (95%CI: 0.03-1.11 μm, P=0.037) for each additional kg of grip strength following adjustment for age and gender. Further adjustments were made for axial length, HbA1c, length of time the patient had diabetes, insulin usage, height, weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which resulted in an average retinal and choroidal thickness increase of 0.13 μm (95%CI: 0.02-0.24 μm, P=0.024) and 0.65 μm (95%CI: 0.13-1.16 μm, P=0.013) for each additional kg of grip strength. Consistent results were obtained in the analyses in ETDRS 9 sectors.ConclusionGreater hand grip strength was found to be significantly associated with thicker retinal and choroidal layers in diabetic patients. Grip strength may provide a useful indicator of retinal health in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to determine directionality and causality, and to examine whether improving muscle strength has a positive effect on retinal and choroidal thickness.Article summaryStrengths and limitations of this studyGrip strength is an indicator of upper limb muscle function and tension, and it is one of the important indicators of aging in the human population. This is one of the few studies to examined the relationship between grip strength and retinal thickness and choroidal thickness in a large sample size of patients with diabetes mellitus.Greater hand grip strength was found to be significantly associated with thicker retinal and choroidal thickness in diabetic patients, and grip strength may provide an easily-administered marker of retinal health in diabetic patients.Causal inferences could not be inferred due to the cross-sectional design of the study.The dynamic changes in grip strength and their impact on retinal and choroidal thickness are warranted to be explored in longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Plasma Taurine Levels and Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Sak ◽  
Fusun Erdenen ◽  
Cuneyt Müderrisoglu ◽  
Esma Altunoglu ◽  
Volkan Sozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Taurine has an active role in providing glucose homeostasis and diabetes causes a decline in taurine levels. This paper investigates the relationship between taurine and diabetic complications, patients’ demographic features, and biochemical parameters. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 28 healthy control subjects between the ages of 32 and 82 were included in the study. The mean age of subjects was 55.6 ± 10.3 and mean diabetes duration was 10.2 ± 6.0 years. The most commonly accompanying comorbidity was hypertension (HT) (64.5%, n = 38), and the most frequent diabetic complication was neuropathy (50.8%, n = 30). Plasma taurine concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Results: Plasma taurine concentrations were significantly lower in diabetic patients (0.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L) than controls (0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and in hypertensive (0. 6 ± 0.1 mmol/L) patients (p = 0.000, p = 0.027 respectively). Conclusion: Plasma taurine levels were decreased in patients with T2DM and this was not related to FBG, HbA1c, and microalbuminuria. With regard to complications, we only found a correlation with neuropathy. We suggest that taurine levels may be more important in the development of diabetes; however, it may also have importance for the progression of the disease and the subsequent complications. We further assert that taurine measurement at different times may highlight whether there is a causal relationship in the development of complications.

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Risk Of Death

The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy can result in loss of vision; nephropathy may lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); and neuropathy poses the risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, sexual dysfunction, and potentially disabling dysfunction of the stomach, bowel, and bladder. Hyperglycemia sufficient to cause pathologic and functional changes in target tissues may be present for some time before clinical symptoms lead to a diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients are also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. These conditions may be related to hyperglycemia, as well as to the hypertension and abnormal lipoprotein profiles that are often found in diabetic patients. Prevention of these complications is a major goal of current therapeutic policy and recommendations for all but transient forms of diabetes. This chapter describes the pathogenesis, screening, prevention, and treatment of diabetic complications, as well as the management of hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient. Figures illustrate the pathways that link high blood glucose levels to microvascular and macrovascular complications; fundus abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy; the natural history of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes; cumulative incidence of first cardiovascular events, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes; the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on the risk of myocardial infarction, major cardiovascular event, or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes; and risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes who receive intensive therapy of multiple risk factors or conventional therapy. Tables describe screening schedules for diabetic complications in adults, foot care recommendations for patients with diabetes, and comparison of major trials of intensive glucose control. This chapter has 238 references.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document