Analysis of the affect of fluid container sizes on readings of Brookfield viscometer

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Mischenko ◽  
Mikhail M. Mordasov ◽  
Aleksandr P. Savenkov ◽  
Vladislav A. Sychev
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Viscosity Measurements ◽  
Measuring Vessel ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Special Measuring ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Brookfield viscometers provide measurements viscosity directly in vessels with controlled liquids without transfer into a special measuring vessel. However, information on the degree and nature of the influence of these vessels dimensions on the measurement results is not presented in the literature. To increase the accuracy of viscosity measurements in vessels of arbitrary shape and size we conducted the experimental and theoretical studies of the LVF Brookfield viscometer sensitivity to the influencing quantities: the diameter of the vessel with a liquid, the distance from a spindle to the bottom of the vessel, and the level of immersion of the spindle. According to the technical documentation for Brookfield viscometers, viscosity measurements must be carried out in a Griffin beaker with a diameter of 83 mm and a volume of 600 ml or in a large vessel. The aim of this work is to determine the correction factors necessary for measuring viscosity in vessels whose sizes differ from those recommended. The general characteristic of factors influencing the accuracy of viscosity measurements is given. To determine the dependence of the viscometer readings on the vessel diameter a set of glass vessels with different diameters was used. To determine the dependence of the readings on the distance to the bottom of the vessel the liquid level in it was changed. When performing experiments, the temperature of the liquids was kept constant with an error of not more than 0,1 °C. Based on the known equations for rotational viscometers, expressions for approximating the dependences of the viscometer readings on the diameter of the vessel and the distance between its bottom and the end of the spindle are obtained. Formulas allowing to make corrections to the measurement results during the changing the mentioned influencing quantities are obtained. It was found that the distance from the spindle to the bottom of the vessel with the liquid affects the measurement results only when using the LV1 spindle and the immersion level affects only when using the LV4 spindle. The results of the viscometer calibration using the viscosity standards REV-100, REV-300, REV-1000, Brookfield 12500, Brookfield 100000 are presented. A correction factor of 1,04 for the case of using the LV3 spindle without a guardleg was obtained. The research results presented in the article allow applying a Brookfield viscometer for viscosity measurements in vessels with diameters up to 40, 30, 23, 10 mm for spindles LV1, LV2, LV3, LV4, respectively.

scholarly journals Laboratory Test of the Soil Compaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Malý ◽  
František Tóth ◽  
Jan Mareček ◽  
Eva Krčálová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Special Measuring ◽  
Measuring Network ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Properties Of Soil

This paper presents the mechanical properties of soil. In order to determine the properties of soil under laboratory conditions, we made use of a special measuring device, viz. a bevameter. Two types of soil with different levels of moisture were examined and their mechanical properties determined. Measurements were taken of non pressed and compressed soil. A measuring network was set up, consisting of measuring and recording devices. In the course of measuring, the force and penetration depth of the pressing plate were recorded simultaneously. Four different diameters of pressing plate were used, resp. 25, 38, 50 and 70 mm. The pressure on the contact area was calculated after completion of the measurements, and the relationships between pressure and penetration depth were presented graphically.

The Two-Curvature Method for Reconstructing Ceramic Morphology

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Hagstrum ◽  
John A. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Parent Vessel ◽  
Measuring Vessel ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Axial Profile ◽  
Curvature Measurements ◽  
Vessel Curvature ◽  
And Function

Prehistoric ceramic containers were tools used in culinary and ceremonial activity. The archaeological record preserves fragmentary remains of these ceramic tools, challenging the archaeologist to interpret their use and function from potsherds rather than from whole pots. We introduce the two-curvature method for reconstructing ceramic vessel shape and volume from assemblages of potsherds. Each point on a ceramic vessel or sherd has two dimensions of curvature, profile and axial. Profile curvature is sensitive to vessel shape, and axial curvature is sensitive to vessel diameter. Since vessel curvature and sherd curvature are the same, measuring profile and axial curvatures of potsherds provides information on parent-vessel shape and size. The two-curvature method is tested with replicated vessels, and its accuracy for measuring vessel parameters from sherd curvatures is assessed. Vessel parameters are estimated accurately from average-sherd-curvature measurements. Data gathered by using this method, on an archaeological assemblage of Kumeyaay ceramics from southern California, show that Kumeyaay pottery consists of 85–90 percent open-mouth hemispherical bowls and 10–15 percent closed-mouth spherical ollas. Through time, Kumeyaay vessel volume increased while vessel shape remained consistent.

On Thermal Conductivity of Porcelain Glaze with a Few Added Components

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Hong Zhou Jiang ◽  
Ying Tang ◽  
Juan Juan Li ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Gui Zhen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Measuring Apparatus ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Special Measuring ◽  
Porcelain Glaze ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

The effects of a few added components, i.e. SnO2, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3, in porcelain glaze on thermal conductivity of porcelain glaze are studied in this paper. The thermal conductivities of several porcelain glaze samples with different contents of SnO2, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 were measured with a special measuring apparatus at room temperature. The theoretical explanation for these measurement results is also sought according to the theory on heat transfer in solid materials, briefly.

DENSITY MEASUREMENT OF ETHANOL BLENDED FUELS

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1360009
Author(s):  
JOHN MAN
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Blended Fuels

Density measurements for petro-ethanol blended fuels of various mixture ratios were conducted at temperatures from 5°C to 40°C using an oscillatory densitometer at the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA). The petrol and ethanol fuels used for the preparation of samples of ethanol blends were supplied directly from a local petroleum refinery. Results were within the lower end of 0.06% repeatability and 0.3% reproducibility of the ASTM D4052-2011 method. The volume correction factors (VCF) for petrol and ethanol obtained from the measurement results agreed to within 0.1% and 0.01% of the values calculated as per American Petroleum Institute Standard 2540 Chapter 11.1 and 11.3.3 respectively. Based on a simple volume-mixture model, an equation was derived to calculate the VCF for petrol-ethanol blends. The measured and calculated values of VCF were in agreement within 0.1%. This paper presents the measurement method, results and the development of an equation for calculation of VCF for petro-ethanol blends. Note from Publisher: This article contains the abstract only.

Measurement of Illumination Parameters of the Halls and Exhibited Items of the State Hermitage and the State Tretyakov Gallery

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Anatoly Sh. Chernyak ◽  
Alyona B. Kuznetsova ◽  
Aleksandra A. Bartseva
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Luminance Distribution ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Colour Rendering

The article focuses on the measurement of lighting characteristics of exhibited items in the exhibition halls of the two largest Russian museums – the State Hermitage and the State Tretyakov Gallery. The review of the current regulatory technical documentation for the design and implementation of museum lighting is given, the shortcomings are identified and the proposals for improving the legal framework for the lighting of the exhibited items are made. The measurements were carried out in accordance with existing recommendations, and according to which the lighting was designed in the museums. The principal measured parameters in this survey were UV radiation, illuminance of exhibited items, luminance distribution in the viewer’s field of view, correlated colour temperature and the colour rendering index of the light sources. A brief overview of the measurement results of some halls of selected museums is given.

scholarly journals Accounting for the Steel Lining Influence on the Results of Solid Rock Resistivity Probe from Development Working Boundary

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Vadim Ivanov ◽  
Anna Dyagileva ◽  
Seroni Anyona
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Solid Rock ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Development Working ◽  
Steel Lining ◽  
True Value ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Complete Collapse

When solving problems of predicting the hazards of solid rock bump and outburst in development and stope workings, the resistivity probe methods are often used, in particular, the four-probe method, in which electrodes are placed on the roof or the sill of the mine. The presence of steel lining in the mine significantly affects the measurement results until the complete collapse of electric field, so the electrodes are embedded into the rock. To obtain the true value of rock resistivity, it is necessary to make corrections due to the metal lining influence. This paper is devoted to the determination of these correction factors.

Helically cut vascular strip preparation: geometrical considerations

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. H107-H109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Herlihy
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Vessel Segment ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examines certain constraints associated with the use of helically cut strips obtained from the rat aorta. The angle (phi) at which a strip is cut from a vessel segment is intimately related to the strip width as well as the vessel circumference. Quantitatively, the relationship can be expressed by the equation cos phi = strip width/vessel circumference. To obtain strips of equal width from vessels of different diameters, the angle (phi) at which the strips are cut must differ. The stress developed by vascular strips was found to be a function of phi. Strips cut transverse to the long axis developed approximately 20 times more stress than strips cut parallel to the long axis. Strips cut at other angles developed intermediate stresses. This study demonstrates that helically cut strips lend themselves to artifact with respect to the tension-generating capacity of vascular smooth muscle if the geometrical considerations of strip width, vessel diameter, and the pitch of the helix are ignored.

scholarly journals Computer Modeling and Analysis of the Energy-Power Process Parameters of the Combined Machining of Alloys Al-Mg System

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Sergey Sidelnikov ◽  
Anton Samchuk ◽  
Denis Voroshilov ◽  
Yuriy Gorbunov ◽  
Vladimir Ber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽  
Deform 3D

Article shows the results of studies of the process of combined rolling-extruding of an alloy of the Al-Mg system (AlMg6) under various temperature-speed and deformation conditions. Calculations shows that with increasing metal temperature at the entrance to the deformation center, the values ​​of the forces on the rolls and the die decrease, the increase in drawing leads to an increase in the values ​​of forces on both the rolls and the die, and an increase in the deformation rate leads to hardening of the metal and increasing energy parameters of the process of combined machining. However, the maximum extruding force on the combined machining units is 5-10 times lower than the efforts to obtain the same press products on hydraulic presses. A computer model of the combined machining process created with the help of the DEFORM 3D complex, the analysis of the metal flow is made, the temperature distribution of the metal over the section of the workpiece invstigated when producing round bars of different diameters. Shaping of the metal corresponds to the data of experimental and theoretical studies, while the deformation center has a characteristic appearance, including the gripping zones of the workpiece and its rolling, repressing and extrusion. The peculiarity for this alloy is that with a drawing ratio of μ = 3.7 and a strain rate of ξ = 0.78 s-1, the steady extruding process takes place without completely filling the deformation zone from the side of the roll with a protrusion. An increase in drawing ratio or strain rate leads to a decrease in the contactless zone or to its absence. The change in metal temperature also depends on the presence of a contactless zone, which contributes to an increase in heat transfer from the billet to the rolls. The results of the research were used to develop the technology for the production of welding wire from Al-Mg system alloys.

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