scholarly journals Analysis of the USDA’s 2017 Cow-Calf Management Practices Results: Part 1—Calf Crop and Calving Distribution

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Gonella-Diaza ◽  
Oscar Alejandro Ojeda ◽  
João Bittar ◽  
Mario Binelli
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Animal Sciences ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This publication analyzes the calf-crop and calving distribution data reported on NAHMS Beef 1997 and provides insights and practical recommendations. Written by Angela Gonella, Oscar Alejandro Ojeda-Rojas, João Bittar, and Mario Binelli, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, November 2021.

scholarly journals Analysis of the USDA’s 2017 Cow-Calf Management Practices Results: Part 2—Breeding Practices/Reproductive Technologies

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Binelli ◽  
João Bittar ◽  
Angela Gonella
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Practices ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Animal Sciences

This paper discusses the use of breeding practices and reproductive technologies in cow-calf operations, and the ways they affect calf crop. Written by Mario Binelli, João Bittar, and Angela Gonella, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, December 2021.

scholarly journals What Is the Economic Impact of Infertility in Beef Cattle?

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Prevatt ◽  
Graham Cliff Lamb ◽  
Carl Dahlen ◽  
Vitor R.G. Mercadante ◽  
Kalyn Waters
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Animal Sciences

Producers cannot completely control infertility in their cow herds. However, understanding and addressing the factors that affect infertility will help producers implement management practices that can improve fertility and reduce the negative impacts of infertility on the profitability of beef cow-calf operations. This 4-page fact sheet discusses reasons why beef cows fail to become pregnant or wean a calf, identification of infertile beef cows, and economic impacts of reduced fertility and infertility in beef cattle. Written by Chris Prevatt, G. Cliff Lamb, Carl Dahlen, Vitor R. G. Mercadante, and Kayln Waters, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, revised September 2018. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an208

scholarly journals Reproductive Tract Score: A Tool for Evaluating Beef Heifer Reproductive Potential

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Binelli ◽  
Thiago Martins ◽  
Cecilia Constantino Rocha ◽  
Felipe A. C. C. Silva ◽  
João Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Animal Sciences

This publication explains the RTS methodology and suggests how it can be implemented in a cow-calf operation. Written by Mario Binelli, Thiago Martins, Cecilia C. Rocha, Felipe A. C. C. Silva, João Bittar, Philipe Moriel, Angela M. Gonella-Diaza, Lauren Butler, and Cindy Sanders, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, October 2021.

Risk factors forEscherichia coliO157 on beef cattle ranches located near a major produce production region

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. BENJAMIN ◽  
M. T. JAY-RUSSELL ◽  
E. R. ATWILL ◽  
M. B. COOLEY ◽  
D. CARYCHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Production Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Cow Calf

SUMMARYOur goal was to identify climate variables and management practices associated with the presence ofE. coliO157 in rangeland cow-calf operations located in a major leafy green production region in the California Central Coast.E. coliO157 was present in 2·6% (68/2654) of faecal, 1·5% (3/204) of water and 1·1% (1/93) of sediment samples collected on eight ranches over 2.5 years. Five (62·5%) ranches were positive at least once during the study. The odds of detectingE. coliO157 in faecal samples was higher during periods of higher maximum soil temperature, higher maximum relative humidity, and larger herd sizes, but decreased as wind speed increased. Molecular subtyping of isolates from cattle faeces and streams/sediments suggested minimal movement of strains between ranches. The findings suggest thatE. coliO157 prevalence is relatively low on cow-calf ranches in this region, spatially constrained, but may vary by weather conditions and herd size.

scholarly journals 75 Historical view of stocker health and performance of Southeast origin cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Jeffery A Carroll ◽  
Paul R Broadway ◽  
Nicole Burdick-Sanchez ◽  
Wade Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Beta Agonists ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cow Calf

Abstract Anecdotal evidence suggests that weaning/stocker weights, ADG, and carcass weights have increased for Southeast cattle over the last 30 years. Simultaneously, morbidity and mortality have not improved, and according to some reports, have significantly increased. Albeit, over the last 30 years, there have been several new vaccines and antibiotics introduced into the beef cattle market. Ceteris paribus, there appears to be a discrepancy related to prevailing theories that placing heavier cattle into stocker and feedlot operations reduces the incidence of morbidity and mortality. But, has there truly been an increase in weaning weights or placement weights of stocker/feedlot calves over the last 30 years? Perhaps, even with greater genetic selection by cow/calf producers for improved weaning weights and pre-weaning ADG, the genetic potential of these animals is not being realized until the stocker/feedlot sector. Indeed, Engler et al. (2014) reported that hot carcass weight (HCW) increased 4.9 lbs per year from 2001 to 2013 while others have reported no actual increase in weaning weights during this period. Undoubtedly HCW have increased, but the contributing factors are multifaceted including genetic selection for increased lean deposition, better nutritional programs, and the expanded variety of growth promoting implants, ionophores, and beta agonists. Likewise, morbidity and mortality are multifaceted manifestations affected by a variety of inputs including genetics, nutrition, environmental stressors, immunocompetence, and the prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogens. Therefore, while genetic selection for increased pre-weaning performance may be more prevalent, cow/calf producers may not be reaping the full potential of their calves due to management practices that do not capitalize on the genetic potential of the pre-weaned calf. Placing more emphasis on genetic selection for pre-weaning growth may have inadvertently resulted in calves that are less resistant to the stresses and strains associated with post-weaning production systems.

scholarly journals The Likelihood of Positive Returns from Value-Added Calf Management Practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Williams ◽  
Eric A. DeVuyst ◽  
Derrell S. Peel ◽  
Kellie Curry Raper
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practice Bundles

Extension faculty have been educating cow-calf producers about value-added calf management programs and the premiums available at auction from these management practices for years. Despite these efforts, producers express doubt regarding the likelihood of premiums and the profitability of value-added management practices. We use matching pairs to calculate the difference in premiums and net returns between adopters and nonadopters and calculate the likelihood of positive net returns (and premiums) for individual practices and practice bundles. The probability of positive net returns ranges from 57% for dehorning to 79% for a certified vac-45 program (calves certified by a third party to be preconditioned for a minimum of 45 days, vaccinated, and dehorned) and probabilities increase with more practices adopted.

scholarly journals Benchmarking calving management practices on western Canada cow–calf operations1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1446-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Pearson ◽  
Edmond A Pajor ◽  
Nigel A Caulkett ◽  
Michel Levy ◽  
John R Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract: Benchmarking current calving management practices and herd demographics in the western Canadian cow–calf production system helps to fill the gap in knowledge and understanding of how this production system works. Further investigation into the relationships between management decisions and calf health may guide the development of management practices and protocols to improve calf health, especially in compromised calves after a difficult birth. Therefore, the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to describe current calving management practices on western Canadian cow–calf ranches and to investigate the association of herd demographics with herd-level incidence of calving assistance, morbidity, mortality, and use of calving and colostrum management practices. Cow–calf producers were surveyed in January 2017 regarding herd inventory and management practices during the 2016 calving season. Ninety-seven of 110 producers enrolled in the western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network responded. Average herd-level incidence of assisted calvings was 4.9% (13.5% heifers, 3.2% cows), stillbirths was 2.1% (3.3% heifers, 1.9% cows), preweaning mortality was 4.5%, and preweaning treatment for disease was 9.4% (3.0% neonatal calf diarrhea, 3.8% bovine respiratory disease, 2.6% other diseases). Greater than 90% of producers assisted calvings and would intervene with colostrum consumption if the calf did not appear to have nursed from its dam. Late calving herds (i.e., started calving in March or later) had significantly lower average herd-level incidence of assistance, treatment for disease, and mortality (P < 0.05). In earlier calving herds (i.e., started calving in January or February) producers had shorter intervals between checking on dams for signs of calving or intervening to assist with a calving (P < 0.05). In early calving herds, producers were more likely to perform hands-on colostrum management techniques such as placing the cow and calf together or feeding stored, frozen colostrum (P < 0.05). There were no associations between herd size and herd-level incidences or management techniques (P > 0.05). This study suggests that in western Canada earlier calving herds are more intensively managed, whereas later calving herds are more extensively managed. Herd demographics may be important to consider when investigating factors associated with management strategies, health, and productivity in cow–calf herds.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Reniform Nematode in Cotton as Influenced by Soil Texture and Crop Rotations

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Holguin ◽  
Patrick Gerard ◽  
John D. Mueller ◽  
Ahmad Khalilian ◽  
Paula Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Reniform Nematode ◽  
Neighborhood Structure

Reniform nematode (RN) is an important pest in cotton production. Knowledge of the distribution patterns of RN is essential for selecting sampling strategies and for site-specific management. A 3-year study was conducted in two fields in South Carolina with the purpose of characterizing the distribution of RN using a fine-scale sampling scheme in plots representing different soil textures (field 1), and using a large-scale arbitrary sampling scheme (field 2). Horizontal distribution data showed an aggregated pattern of RN densities at planting and after harvest in both fields each year, with patches ranging from 8 to 12 m. However, a significant neighborhood structure was only detected when suitable hosts (cotton and soybean) were planted. Correlations between RN densities and percent sand and silt were detected, showing nematode densities peaked when sand content was around 60% and declined when sand content increased above 60 to 65%. When fewer samples were taken in the field with more uniform sand content, percentage of sand was a less reliable predictor of RN densities. Vertical sampling showed the highest numbers of RN were found at 15 to 30 cm deep after cotton, but were deeper after a nonhost crop. Understanding distribution patterns of RN within a field may improve the effectiveness of management practices.

scholarly journals 121 The impact of changing consumer preferences on production and management practices at cow-calf level

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Robbi H Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Changes in cow-calf operations and management need to be deliberate and focus on consumer preferences that are substantive and enduring. For the sake of argument these preference changes could include: 1) continued erosion of the image of the cattle industry; 2) growth in demand of high quality grade beef, likely branded, and available at an affordable price; 3) production systems that yield improvements in cattle health, have a lesser environmental impact, and demonstrate prudent animal care and well-being; 4) Specification systems that may or may not include stipulations such as grass fed or non-implanted. At the ranch level there will be continued pressure to pursue rapid, efficient growth, marbling, structural soundness, and immunocompetence via genetic selection. A major step to reduce health problems is to reduce co-mingling. To achieve this goal breeding programs will change to improve the genetic and phenotypic uniformity and possibly the heterosis of the calf crop on each ranch. The National calving season needs to be more uniformly distributed throughout the year. New, more relevant cattle performance metrics will be developed. Calves that fit a branded production stream will have more value. Production streams that require Verified processes will be inequitably distributed across herd size because of associated costs, forcing smaller herds to either coop, vertically integrate, or accept generic cattle prices. Because of the diversity of environments and corresponding compatible bio-types of cows, identifying the profitable combination of specific branded systems with the genetics, calving season, labor, resource management and nutrition program of the ranch is very complicated. It will be increasingly necessary to put incremental response assessments in the context of the greater production-product system. Successful adaptors will place a much greater reliance on strong technical support in the areas of genetics, nutrition, growth, animal handling, documentation, and branded production streams.

scholarly journals Cow-calf management practices in Mexico: Reproduction and breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arantzatzu Lassala ◽  
Joel Hernández-Cerón ◽  
Mariana Pedernera ◽  
Everardo González-Padilla ◽  
Carlos G. Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Breeding Soundness ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
First Time

Beef cattle breeding has developed in extensive grazing systems in Mexico, concerning the livelihood of over one million families and affecting the use of natural resources. Reproductive efficiency is a major determinant of both the environmental impact of the herd, and the economic viability of the cow-calf production system. However, as reproductive traits have low heritability, reproductive efficiency can be largely influenced by herd management practices. Thus, a questionnaire was administered as personal interviews to 3280 producers, to investigate the prevalence of practices that could directly influence the reproductive outcome of their cattle. Results show that year-round breeding (93%) and natural service by the bull (97.4%) are the most common mating methods. However, only 41% of producers evaluate the breeding soundness of their bulls, and diagnostic testing for specific reproductive diseases of the sires is barely performed in 20% of the farms. The main declared reason for replacing the bull is old age (26.8%), which is followed by to avoid inbreeding (68.4%). Less than 10% of the operations use methods for the synchronization of the estrous cycle, and most farmers breed their heifers for the first time after 2 years of age (73%). Diagnosis of pregnancy is performed in merely 31% of operations, with 23% of the producers declaring to discard non-pregnant cows. Energy or protein feed supplements are provided to the cattle in 63% of the production units, whilst mineral supplements are given in 79% of the farms. Calves are typically weaned between 6 months and a year of age (85%). Only 16% of operations vaccinate against brucellosis and 17.5% against other reproductive diseases (IBR-DVB-VSR and Leptospirosis). The present study showcases a low frequency of adoption of basic reproductive management practices by cow-calf operations in Mexico. Advancement of these practices, as well as implementation and promotion of associated technologies, denotes an area of opportunity to improve the reproductive efficiency of the national herd.

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