scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF PRECIPITATION AND HABITAT TO THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ABUNDANCE OF AEDES ATLANTICUS AND AEDES INFIRMATUS IN ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Madeline Steck
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mosquito Population ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Correlation Statistics ◽  
Population Counts

The purpose of this study was to perform descriptive and inferential analyses to better understand the presence of the abundant mosquito species Aedes atlanticus and Aedes infirmatus in St. Johns County, northeastern Florida. Historical surveillance data (2010-2019) obtained from Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL, was organized to graph temporal mosquito abundance trends and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to map spatial distribution patterns of mosquitoes. Precipitation and habitat composition were investigated as spatiotemporal predictors of mosquito abundance using Pearson’s correlation statistics. There were considerable and inconsistent fluctuations in the population abundance of Ae. atlanticus and Ae. infirmatus across and within individual surveillance seasons during the last decade. Precipitation was significantly associated with total county-wide mosquito population counts by season (Ae. atlanticus, R = 0.810, p = 0.005; Ae. infirmatus, R = 0.850, p = 0.002), while the association with weekly mosquito population trends was inconsistently significant across species, lag time, and years. The proportion of surrounding land covered by upland forest, water, and agriculture was associated with species abundance at the spatial level of individual trap sites. Overall, the results identify that Ae. atlanticus and Ae. infirmatus share a spatiotemporal relationship and are similarly impacted by rainfall and habitat type. Findings of the study might help to inform improved surveillance by integrating IDW estimation maps with current district resources and improved knowledge of species’ ecology.

Crossover Dynamics of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) Vector Populations Determine WNV Transmission Intensity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Tokarz ◽  
Ryan C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Mosquito Abundance

Abstract First introduced into the United States in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has become endemic and has established itself as the predominant mosquito-borne arbovirus in North America. Transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, regional landscapes influence local vector species abundance, creating different mosquito ecologies that drive local transmission dynamics. In central Iowa, two mosquito species, Culex restuans Theobald and Culex pipiens Linnaeus, serve as the predominant mosquito vectors. Importantly, these mosquito populations are influenced by seasonal patterns in their abundance, with Cx. restuans preferring cool, early spring temperatures, while Cx. pipiens prefer the warmer, mid- to late-summer months. The point of the season at which Cx. pipiens becomes the dominant species is generally referred to as a ‘crossover’ period. To better understand the influence of crossover dynamics on WNV transmission, we examined environmental and mosquito abundance data, as well as mosquito infection rates and human disease cases from 2016 to 2018. We demonstrate that temperature influences the timing and duration of the crossover period, influencing mosquito abundance and human disease transmission. Together, these results suggest that Culex species crossover is an important variable of WNV transmission dynamics, which may provide an early warning indicators of increased WNV transmission.

scholarly journals Aedes Mosquito Distribution along a Transect from Rural to Urban Settings in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Borel Djiappi-Tchamen ◽  
Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo ◽  
Timoléon Tchuinkam ◽  
Idene Makoudjou ◽  
Elysée Nchoutpouen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Rural Sites

Introduction: The surveillance of mosquito vectors is important for the control of arboviruses diseases worldwide. Detailed information on the bionomics and distribution of their main vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is essential for assessing disease transmission risk and for better planning of control interventions. Methods: Entomological surveys were carried out from November 2019 to November 2020 in six localities of Yaoundé city following a transect from urban to rural settings: two urban (Obili, Mvan), two peri-urban (Simbock, Ahala) and two rural areas (Lendom, Elig-essomballa)—during rainy and dry seasons. All water containers were inspected. Aedes mosquito abundance, species distribution and seasonal distribution patterns were compared using generalized linear models. Stegomyia indexes were estimated to determine the risk of arbovirus transmission. Results: A total of 6332 mosquitoes larvae were collected (2342 in urban areas, 1694 in peri-urban areas and 2296 in rural sites). Aedes species recorded included Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegytpi, Ae. simpsoni and Aedes spp. High mosquito abundance was registered in the rainy season (4706) compared to the dry season (1626) (p < 0.0001). Ae. albopictus was the most abundant Aedes species in urban (96.89%) and peri-urban (95.09%) sites whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in rural sites (68.56%) (p < 0.0001). Both species were found together in 71 larval habitats. Ae. albopictus was mostly found in discarded tires (42.51%), whereas Ae. aegypti was more prevalent in plastic containers used for storing water (65.87%). The majority of Aedes mosquitoes’ breeding places were situated close to human dwellings (0–10 m). Conclusion: Uncontrolled urbanization seems to greatly favour the presence of Aedes mosquito species around human dwellings in Yaoundé. Controlling Aedes mosquito distribution is becoming urgent to reduce the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the city of Yaoundé.

scholarly journals At the tip of an iceberg: citizen science and active surveillance collaborating to broaden the known distribution of Aedes japonicus in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Eritja ◽  
Sarah Delacour-Estrella ◽  
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo ◽  
Mikel A. González ◽  
Carlos Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Aedes Japonicus ◽  
Invasive Mosquito Species ◽  
Invasive Mosquito

Abstract Background Active surveillance aimed at the early detection of invasive mosquito species is usually focused on seaports and airports as points of entry, and along road networks as dispersion paths. In a number of cases, however, the first detections of colonizing populations are made by citizens, either because the species has already moved beyond the implemented active surveillance sites or because there is no surveillance in place. This was the case of the first detection in 2018 of the Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus, in Asturias (northern Spain) by the citizen science platform Mosquito Alert. Methods The collaboration between Mosquito Alert, the Ministry of Health, local authorities and academic researchers resulted in a multi-source surveillance combining active field sampling with broader temporal and spatial citizen-sourced data, resulting in a more flexible and efficient surveillance strategy. Results Between 2018 and 2020, the joint efforts of administrative bodies, academic teams and citizen-sourced data led to the discovery of this species in northern regions of Spain such as Cantabria and the Basque Country. This raised the estimated area of occurrence of Ae. japonicus from < 900 km2 in 2018 to > 7000 km2 in 2020. Conclusions This population cluster is geographically isolated from any other population in Europe, which raises questions about its origin, path of introduction and dispersal means, while also highlighting the need to enhance surveillance systems by closely combining crowd-sourced surveillance with public health and mosquito control agencies’ efforts, from local to continental scales. This multi-actor approach for surveillance (either passive and active) shows high potential efficiency in the surveillance of other invasive mosquito species, and specifically the major vector Aedes aegypti which is already present in some parts of Europe. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Mosquito Control Priorities in Florida—Survey Results from Florida Mosquito Control Districts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Rishi Kondapaneni ◽  
Ashley N. Malcolm ◽  
Brian M. Vazquez ◽  
Eric Zeng ◽  
Tse-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Research Questions

Florida lies within a subtropical region where the climate allows diverse mosquito species including invasive species to thrive year-round. As of 2021, there are currently 66 state-approved Florida Mosquito Control Districts, which are major stakeholders for Florida public universities engaged in mosquito research. Florida is one of the few states with extensive organized mosquito control programs. The Florida State Government and Florida Mosquito Control Districts have long histories of collaboration with research institutions. During fall 2020, we carried out a survey to collect baseline data on the current control priorities from Florida Mosquito Control Districts relating to (1) priority control species, (2) common adult and larval control methods, and (3) major research questions to address that will improve their control and surveillance programs. The survey data showed that a total of 17 distinct mosquito species were considered to be priority control targets, with many of these species being understudied. The most common control approaches included truck-mounted ultra-low-volume adulticiding and biopesticide-based larviciding. The districts held interest in diverse research questions, with many prioritizing studies on basic science questions to help develop evidence-based control strategies. Our data highlight the fact that mosquito control approaches and priorities differ greatly between districts and provide an important point of comparison for other regions investing in mosquito control, particularly those with similar ecological settings, and great diversity of potential mosquito vectors, such as in Florida. Our findings highlight a need for greater alignment of research priorities between mosquito control and mosquito research. In particular, we note a need to prioritize filling knowledge gaps relating to understudied mosquito species that have been implicated in arbovirus transmission.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AGENTS BASED ON THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Roslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Mosquito control is necessary to improve the epidemic and, consequently, the sanitary and hygienic situation in human settlements. At the same time, the safest and more environmentally friendly way of controlling is not the fight against adult mosquitoes, but the treatment of reservoirs with microbiological larvicides based on entomopathogenic, aerobic, spore-forming, saprophytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (de Barjac) (Bti). A new serotype of the bacterium B. thuringiensis was found in Israel in the Negev desert. This serotype being more active against larvae of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges than previously known serotypes, was named israelensis. Bti endotoxin is a typical insecticide with intestinal type of action for different mosquito species. For example, Bti H14 is highly insecticidal to the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus at very low concentrations. The parasporal body (endotoxin crystal), a crystalline protein consisted of four main polypeptides and two minor polypeptides, possesses of a larvicidal action. Larvicidal activity is associated with a synergistic effect in a combination of four polypeptides. The possibility of development of resistance to products based on Bti and Bacillus sphaericus in populations of mosquitoes (Culicidae) was investigated. The use of domestic microbiological formulations based on Bti («Baktitsid», «Larviol-pasta», and «Antinat») was shown an eradication the larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges to be possible and rational, since they are not generated resistant populations of mosquitoes. This is confirmed by more than 30 years of the use of such formulations.

scholarly journals LAMA HIDUP DAN POTENSI Culex quinquefasciatus SEBAGAI VEKTOR FILARIASIS LIMFATIK BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN PASCA TRANSMISSION ASSESMENT SURVEY (TAS) DI KABUPATEN SUBANG, JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Endang Puji Astuti ◽  
Mutiara Widawati ◽  
Yuneu Yuliasih ◽  
Andri Ruliansyah ◽  
Asep Jajang Kusnandar
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Density Behavior ◽  
Entomological Data

The study on the bioecology of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) vector is necessary to be used as a support to eliminate LF due to the lack of entomological data for LF vector in Subang, especially after the Provision of Mass Drug Administration for Filariasis Prevention. This study aims to identify mosquito species, density, behavior, longevity, presence of the filaria worm in mosquitoes, and to identify the distribution of mosquitoes in the highlands and lowlands in selected villages in Subang district. This study is part of Lymphatic filariasis (multicenter) evaluation study in Indonesia. The data was collected by using human landing collection method and vector habitat survey data. The entomological data analyzed from the calculation of Man hour density (MHD), Man biting rate (MBR), and longevity, while the relationship between variables and mosquito abundance using Pearson's correlation. The results indicated that the density of mosquitoes caught in Rancahilir was higher than Curug rendeng villages, these results are similar to the LF vector suspect mosquito (Cx. quinquefasciatus). These mosquitoes are found outdoor with peak densities at 22.00-23.00 West Indonesia Time. Altitude has an association with the density of mosquitoes (p-value 0.039). The longevity of Cx. quinquefasciatus population is 10-13 days. At that longevity, vectors are at risk for infective filarial worms. The result shows that Cx. quinquefasciatus collected in this study was negative for filarial worms. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that in Subang, filariasis transmission chain prevention has been successful. However, periodic evaluations is still need to be carried out in order to prevent re-infection of the disease. Abstrak Kajian tentang bioekologi nyamuk vektor Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) di Kabupatem Subang perlu dilakukan. Kajian ini sebagai pendukung untuk menuju eliminasi LF mengingat belum optimalnya data entomologi nyamuk vektor di Subang, terutama pasca Pemberian Obat Masal Pencegahan (POMP) filariasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies, kepadatan, perilaku, umur panjang (longevity) populasi nyamuk, identifikasi keberadaan cacing filaria pada nyamuk vektor LF serta menganalisis perbedaan distribusi nyamuk pada dataran tinggi dan rendah di desa terpilih di Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut dari penelitian “Studi evaluasi filariasis (multicenter) di Indonesia” yang dilaksanakan di beberapa kabupaten di Indonesia.  Data yang diambil, yaitu data survei vektor yang menggunakan metode Human Landing Collection (HLC) dan survei habitat vektor. Analisa data entomologi menggunakan perhitungan Man hour density (MHD), Man-biting rate (MBR) dan  nilai umur panjang nyamuk (longevity), sedangkan hubungan antar variabel dengan kepadatan menggunakan korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan nyamuk yang tertangkap di Desa Rancahilir (dataran rendah) lebih banyak dibandingkan di Desa Curug rendeng (dataran tinggi), termasuk kepadatan nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus yang juga dominan di wilayah ini. Nyamuk ini banyak ditemukan di luar rumah dengan puncak kepadatan pada jam 22.00-23.00 WIB. Ketinggian mempunyai hubungan dengan kepadatan nyamuk tertangkap (p value 0,039). Umur populasi nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus 10-13 hari. Umur ini menunjukkan umur populasi yang berisiko untuk infektif cacing filaria. Hasil pemeriksaan nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus negatif terhadap cacing filarial. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Subang telah berhasil memutuskan rantai penularan filaria. Namun, masih perlu dilaksanakan evaluasi berkala agar tidak terjadi penularan kembali di wilayah ini.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonality and land use on the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes on St. Kitts, West Indies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Valentine ◽  
Brenda Ciraola ◽  
Gregory R. Jacobs ◽  
Charlie Arnot ◽  
Patrick J. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Land Covers

AbstractBackgroundHigh quality mosquito surveys that collect fine resolution local data on mosquito species’ abundances provide baseline data to help us understand potential host-pathogen-mosquito relationships, accurately predict disease transmission, and target mosquito control efforts in areas at risk of mosquito borne diseases.MethodsAs part of an investigation into arboviral sylvatic cycles on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts, we carried out an island wide mosquito survey from November 2017 to March 2019. Using Biogents Sentinel 2 and miniature CDC light traps that were set monthly and run for 48 hour intervals, we collected mosquitoes from a total of 30 sites distributed across the five common land covers on the island (agricultural, mangrove, rainforest, scrub, and urban). We developed a mixed effects negative binomial regression model to predict the effects of land cover, seasonality, and precipitation on observed counts of the most abundant mosquito species we found.ResultsWe captured 10 of the 14 mosquito species reported on the island, the four most abundant being Aedes taeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegpyti, and Deinocerites magnus. Sampling in the mangroves yielded the most mosquitoes, with Ae. taeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and De. magnus predominating. Aedes aegypti was recovered primarily from urban and agricultural habitats, but also at lower frequency in other land covers. Psorophora pygmaea and Toxorhynchites guadeloupensis were only captured in scrub habitat. Capture rates in rainforests were low. Our models indicated the relative abundance of the four most common species varied seasonally and with land cover. They also suggested that the extent to which monthly average precipitation influenced counts varied according to species.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates there is high seasonality in mosquito abundances and that land cover influenced the distribution and abundance of mosquito species on St. Kitts. Further, human-adapted mosquito species (e.g. Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus) that are known vectors for many human relevant pathogens are the most wide-spread (across land covers) and the least responsive to seasonal variation in precipitation.

scholarly journals Larval breeding habitats and ecological factors influence the species composition of mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) in the parks of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroza Sultana ◽  
Sharmin Hasan ◽  
Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Abdul Alim ◽  
Mohammad Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Tree Holes

Mosquito larval ecology is prerequisite for determining the larval abundance and species assemblage in mosquito control program. The study explored the association of five mosquito species with their breeding habitat diversity and species distribution in three selected parks from May to October, 2015. A total of 3217 mosquito larvae were reported from six breeding habitats, namely tree hole, leaf axils, water bottle, tire, drain and coconut shell. The frequency of the three species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus) coexistence was higher in tree holes (82.4%) than that of the other coexisting species. Pearson Chi-square result revealed that the association of species was significantly dependent on the breeding habitats. ANOVA further suggested that mosquito density varied across habitats where among the highest density of Cx. quinquefasciatus (3.87 ± 0.22) found in drain, followed by both Ae. albopictus (2.02 ± 0.17) and Ar. subalbatus (0.50 ± 0.09) in tree holes and Ae. aegypti (1.25 ± 0.23) in coconut shell. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus occurred in drain with the least observed density (0.03 ± 0.01). CCA results suggested that Aedes species were likely preferred to oviposit in shaded habitats where pH was associated with Ae. albopictus and dissolved oxygen was with Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus. Culex species were positively associated with the habitats characterizing muddy bottom and emerging vegetation but not with any of the physico-chemical parameters. These findings concluded that ecological factors influence mosquito species to favor their breeding habitats can be helpful in controlling targeted vector species as well as the mosquito borne diseases.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 111-122, 2017

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