scholarly journals SET-UP OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT QUALITY STANDARDS BASED ON WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen ◽  
An Khanh Huynh ◽  
Hai Xuan Son Tran
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Whole Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Specific Standard ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Assessing Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Vietnam standards include TCVN 2000 and TCVN 2001 were enforced to overcome disadvandges of old standards enforced in 1995. They also mention to geographical position, discharge loading and application. TCVN 2000 and TCVN 2001 were established and assessed that they are sensible and conformable with practice. However, these standards have some disadvantages. The current standards are applied to all kinds of industrial wastewater. At present, there have no specific standard applied to particular industry so it is so trict to one industry but easy to anothers. This study aims to propose discharge standard which based on discharge loading, concentration and raw wastewater characteristics of some typical industries such as textile, latex, paper, alcohol and leakage. The proposal is based on the assessing method of toxicity of treated wastewater after releasing to effluent receiving. Keywords: Vietnam standard, discharge standard, induatrial wastewater, concentration, emission flow rate, effluent receiving.

scholarly journals A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Amid Mostafaie ◽  
Diogo N. Cardoso ◽  
Mohammadreza Kamali ◽  
Susana Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scientometric Study

The growth of industrialization has led to an increase in the production of highly contaminated wastewater. Industrial wastewater contains highly complex compounds varying in characteristics and required to be treated before its discharge into a water medium from various industries. However, the efficiency of the treated wastewater from the toxicity reduction perspective is unclear. In order to overcome this barrier, toxicity assessment of the industrial wastewater before and after treatment is crucial. Thus, in this study, a scientometric analysis has been performed on the toxicity assessment of industrial wastewater and sludges, which have been reported in the literature. Web of Science (WoS) core collection database has been considered the main database to execute this analysis. Via the search of pre-researched keywords, a total number of 1038 documents were collected, which have been published from 1951 to 2020. Via CiteSpace software and WoS analyser, these documents went under analysis regarding some of the scientometry criteria, and the detailed results obtained are provided in this study. The total number of published documents on this topic is relatively low during such a long period of time. In conclusion, the need for more detailed contributions among the scientific and industrial communities has been felt.

Electrocoagulation for industrial wastewater treatment: An updated review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaogui Jing ◽  
shuai ren ◽  
Stephen George Pooley ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Przemyslaw Kowalczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Effluent Quality

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising method that has been effectively employed in the treatment of various types of industrial effluent. Its distinct advantages such as good effluent quality, compact installation,...

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY OF TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Cong Dang Phi Doan ◽  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen ◽  
An Khanh Huynh ◽  
Hai Xuan Son Tran
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity

This study aims to assess acute and chronic toxicity of some typical industrial wastewater such as textile, latex processing, paper mill, alcohol processing and leachate from municipal landfills. This result of EC50 and LC50 tests using different testing organisms showed that the toxicity of effluent is not directly proportional to COD concentration, but it depends upon BOD, ammonia, nitrite and TDS. Based on results of this study, the limited COD value of the industrial effluent quality standards for the typical industry is suggested.

Managing urban wastewater for maximising water resource utilization

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Tredoux ◽  
Peter King ◽  
Lisa Cavé
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Domestic Effluent

The Atlantis Water Resource Management Scheme uses artificial recharge of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to augment the natural groundwater resource. The key to the success of the scheme is the fractionation of the stormwater into components of distinctly different quality, and the separate treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater for different end-uses. The groundwater exploitation strategy is largely controlled by water quality requirements. Reuse of domestic and industrial wastewater depends on quality parameters. Tertiary treated domestic effluent is destined for indirect reuse via the aquifer, while treated industrial wastewater is used together with spent regenerant brine and stormwater from the noxious trade area for preventing seawater intrusion. Both residential and industrial stormwater is separated into the base flow and storm flow components and utilised for various purposes. The sustainable operation of the water resource scheme serves as a prototype for the optimal use of water and protection of the environment.

Wastewater treatment and nutrient removal in the combined reactor

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roš ◽  
J. Vrtovšek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Complex Organic

A combined anaerobic anoxic aerobic reactor for the treatment of the industrial wastewater that contains nitrogen and complex organic compounds as well as its design procedure is presented. The purpose of our experiments was to find a simple methodology that would provide combined reactor design. The reactor is based on the combination of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic process in one unit only. It was found that the HRT even under 1 hour in the anaerobic zone is long enough for the efficient transformation of complex organic compounds into readily biodegradable COD which is then used in dentrification process. In the N-NO3 concentration range 1.5-50 mg/l the denitrification rate could be expressed as half-order reaction when the CODrb was in excess. N-NO3 removal efficiency is controlled by the recycle flow from the aerobic to the anoxic zone. Nitrification rate can be expressed as first, half or zero-order reaction with respect to effluent N-NH4 concentration. Nitrification rate depends on the dissolved oxygen concentration and hydrodynamic conditions in the reactor. Case study for design of a pilot plant of the combined reactor for treatment of pre-treated pharmaceutical wastewater is shown. Characteristics of pre-treated wastewater were: COD=200 mg/l, BOD5=20 mg/l, N-Kjeldahl=80 mg/l, N-NH4=70 mg/l, N-NOx<1 mg/l, P-PO4=5 mg/l. Legal requirements for treated wastewater were: COD=<100 mg/l, BOD5<5 mg/l, N-NH4=<1 mg/l, N-NOx=<10 mg/l.

scholarly journals UVA-LED Technology’s Treatment Efficiency and Cost in a Competitive Trial Applied to the Photo-Fenton Treatment of Landfill Leachate

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Javier Tejera ◽  
Antonio Gascó ◽  
Daphne Hermosilla ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gomez ◽  
Carlos Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this trial was to assess the application of UVA-LED technology as an alternative source of irradiation for photo-Fenton processes, aiming to reduce treatment costs and provide a feasible treatment for landfill leachate. An optimized combination of coagulation with ferric chloride followed by photo-Fenton treatment of landfill leachate was optimized. Three different radiation sources were tested, namely, two conventional high-pressure mercury-vapor immersion lamps (100 W and 450 W) and a custom-designed 8 W 365 nm UVA-LED lamp. The proposed treatment combination resulted in very efficient degradation of landfill leachate (COD removal = 90%). The coagulation pre-treatment removed about 70% of the COD and provided the necessary amount of iron for the subsequent photo-Fenton treatment, and it further favored this process by acidifying the solution to an optimum initial pH of 2.8. The 90% removal of color improved the penetration of radiation into the medium and by extension improved treatment efficiency. The faster the Fenton reactions were, as determined by the stoichiometric optimum set-up reaction condition of [H2O2]0/COD0 = 2.125, the better were the treatment results in terms of COD removal and biodegradability enhancement because the chances to scavenge oxidant agents were limited. The 100 W lamp was the least efficient one in terms of final effluent quality and operational cost figures. UVA-LED technology, assessed as the application of an 8 W 365 nm lamp, provided competitive results in terms of COD removal, biodegradability enhancement, and operational costs (35–55%) when compared to the performance of the 450 W conventional lamp.

The use of «coasorption» concept while describing the effect of coagulants on the wastewater aqua systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Е.В. Алексеев
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
The One ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Широкое распространение реагентного коагулирования в технологии очистки природных и промышленных сточных вод обусловлено, с одной стороны, сложностью химического состава и фазово-дисперсного состояния их аквасистем, с другой – многофакторностью действия на них коагулянтов. Рассмотрены основные механизмы взаимодействия коагулянтов и загрязняющих веществ на примере очистки промышленных сточных вод, содержащих органические вещества (поверхностно-активные вещества и синтетические красители). Физико-химическое понятие «коагуляция» отражает только один из механизмов действия коагулянтов на загрязнители. Принятые в настоящее время технологические показатели «доза коагулянта» и «удельная доза коагулянта» также не отражают многообразие взаимодействий загрязняющих веществ с солями коагулянтов и не привязаны к результату коагулирования. Это обусловливает трудность описания совокупного действия физико-химических процессов при добавлении коагулянтов в очищаемые воды и его количественной оценки. Решение проблемы возможно введением понятия «коасорбция», определяющего многофакторность взаимодействия коагулянтов с загрязняющими веществами в процессах очистки сточных вод коагулированием, и технологического показателя «удельная коасорбция», устанавливающего количественную взаимосвязь между величинами загрязняющих веществ в исходной и очищенной воде с дозой коагулянта. Графически представлены функции удельной коасорбции в форме изотерм коасорбции для двух типов поверхностно-активных веществ и синтетических красителей. На основании результатов анализа особенностей изотерм показано, что они отражают разные механизмы взаимодействия коагулянтов и загрязняющих веществ. Использование коасорбции как технологического понятия способствует выявлению механизмов взаимодействия загрязняющих веществ с коагулянтом и созданию наилучших условий для осуществления процесса коагулирования. Функциональное описание изотерм коасорбции позволяет экстраполировать результаты пробного коагулирования в широком интервале концентраций загрязняющих веществ. Практическое значение изотерм удельной коасорбции состоит в возможности определения доз реагентов при коагулировании воды по начальному содержанию загрязняющих веществ и требуемому в очищенных водах. The widespread use of chemical coagulation in purification of natural water and industrial wastewater is due, on the one hand, to the complex chemical composition and phase-disperse state of their aqua systems, and on the other hand, to the multifactorial effect of coagulants on them. The main mechanisms of interaction between coagulants and pollutants are considered through the example of industrial wastewater treatment containing organic substances (surfactants and synthetic dyes). The physicochemical term «coagulation» reflects only one of the mechanisms of the effect of coagulants on pollutants. The currently accepted process parameters «dose of coagulant» and «specific dose of coagulant» do not reflect the variety of interactions of pollutants with coagulant salts either, and are not linked to the result of coagulation. This makes it difficult to describe the collective effect of physicochemical processes while adding coagulants to the treated water and to quantify it. The solution to the problem is possible introducing the concept of «coasorption» that determines the multifactorial origin of the interaction of coagulants and pollutants in the processes of wastewater treatment by coagulation; and the process parameter «specific coasorption» that establishes a quantitative relationship between the concentrations of pollutants in raw wastewater and effluent with a dose of coagulant. The specific coasorption functions are graphically presented in the form of coasorption isotherms for two types of surfactants and synthetic dyes. Based on the results of the analysis of the features of the isotherms, it is shown that they reflect different mechanisms of interaction between coagulants and pollutants. The use of coasorption as a technological concept provides for identifying the mechanisms of interaction of pollutants with a coagulant and establishing the best conditions for the coagulation process. The functional description of the coasorption isotherms allows extrapolating the results of trial coagulation in a wide range of pollutant concentrations. The practical importance of specific coasorption isotherms provides for determining the dosages of chemicals during coagulation of water based on the initial concentration of pollutants and effluent standard.

scholarly journals Industrial Effluent Quality of Bikaner District Rajasthan, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita Yadav ◽  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Aditi Aditi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Effluent Quality

scholarly journals Evaluating Pollutants of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Media Through E-PRTR Regulation. A Case Study: Cordoba, Spain, 2009-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4795-4800
Author(s):  
R. Marin Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Guadalquivir River ◽  
Total P ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The E-PRTR EU Regulation can be followed for the evaluation of the level of pollutants of emerging concern in treated wastewater. This regulation is of regional responsibility in the UE, and establishes for the Andalusian region of Spain the following pollution parameters as mandatory to be controlled periodically in treated wastewater in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) with more than 100.000 equivalent inhabitants of treatment capacity: COD, N-Kjeldahl, total P, Cl-, F- (conventional pollution); As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn and Pb, as heavy metals; PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), adsorbed organic halides (AOXs), benzene and chloroform, as organic compounds. This paper shows results obtained in the application of the E-PRTR Regulation to the wastewater of Cordoba during 2009-2018. As shown, average of COD, N-Kjeldahl an total P values, respectively, in urban and treated wastewater were 604 and 89 mg/L, 54.1 and 33.4 mg/L and 3.4 and 1.4 mg/L. With respect to heavy metals, the mean content in treated wastewater was 0.135 mg/L, starting from 0.226 mg/L in raw wastewater. The majority of these are Cu and Zn (0.043 mg/L and 0.107 mg/L, respectively, in raw wastewater). For pollutants of emerging concern, the mean content of PAHs was 13 ng/L in treated water vs 31 ng/L in raw wastewater. Moreover, concentration of AOXs in raw wastewater was of 20 ng/L while in treated wastewater decreased up to 16 ng/L. Also, benzene content in raw wastewater and treated wastewater decreased from 40 ng/L to 11 ng/L. Finally, the major organic compound was chloroform, with a level in raw wastewater of 5.6 ng/L that was reduced along the treatment up to 3.2 ng/L. The provided data indicated a low concentration of the compounds of emerging concern in the wastewater of Cordoba and its minimal impact on the receiving aquatic environment (the Guadalquivir river).

scholarly journals Performance of Natural Coagulants in the Treatment of Vegetable Oil Industrial Effluent

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
C. F. Okey- Onyesolu ◽  
C. C. Okoye ◽  
C. N. Ude ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli ◽  
O. E. Achugbu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Egg Shell

The potentials of natural coagulants (egg shell and fish scale) in the treatment of vegetable oil industrial wastewater were investigated. The coagulants were characterized to determine their chemical compositions, functional groups and morphology using proximate analysis method, Fourier Infra-red spectroscope (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. The industrial wastewater was equally characterized to determine its heavy metal composition and physico-chemical properties. The effects of various process parameters such as pH, coagulants dosage, time and temperature were examined during the treatment of the waste water using the natural coagulants. The proximate analysis shows that Fish Scale Coagulant (FSC) contains more carbohydrate, 42.30% while Egg Shell Coagulant (ESC) has protein content of 39.65%. It was discovered that the coagulating properties of both FSC and ESC improve after extraction due to presence of isocyanates, isothiocyadilimides, azides, ketenes, aldehydes and ketone. The turbidity of the wastewater was very high (365NTU) above the WHO recommended value. The process variables have significant effects on the coagulation with best removal efficiency of 88.54% for ESC and 74.12% for FSC at pH of 4.0 (ESC) and pH of 7.0(FSC); 0.5 g/L (ESC) and 0.04 g/L (FSC) coagulant dosage and temperature of 40°C. Therefore, both coagulants are effective in treating vegetable oil effluent but egg shell coagulant was found to be a better coagulant. Further research on optimization, kinetics and thermodynamics of the coagulation process using ESC and FSC should be carried out.

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