scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY OF TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Cong Dang Phi Doan ◽  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen ◽  
An Khanh Huynh ◽  
Hai Xuan Son Tran
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity

This study aims to assess acute and chronic toxicity of some typical industrial wastewater such as textile, latex processing, paper mill, alcohol processing and leachate from municipal landfills. This result of EC50 and LC50 tests using different testing organisms showed that the toxicity of effluent is not directly proportional to COD concentration, but it depends upon BOD, ammonia, nitrite and TDS. Based on results of this study, the limited COD value of the industrial effluent quality standards for the typical industry is suggested.

Electrocoagulation for industrial wastewater treatment: An updated review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaogui Jing ◽  
shuai ren ◽  
Stephen George Pooley ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Przemyslaw Kowalczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Effluent Quality

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising method that has been effectively employed in the treatment of various types of industrial effluent. Its distinct advantages such as good effluent quality, compact installation,...

Sources of Pollution of the Estuary of the River Nervion, Spain – A Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azkona ◽  
S H Jenkins ◽  
H M G Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Sulphide Concentration

This paper describes part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of the pollution of the estuary of the River Nervion, Bilbao, Spain. The objectives of the study were to determine the sources and loads of pollution from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater; provide information on the extent of pollution; formulate hydrodynamic and predictive models capable of forecasting the effects on the estuary of the anticipated growth of population and industry; determine the amount of polluting matter that would have to be removed in order to reach defined estuary water quality standards; arrive at suitable technical methods able to attain these standards at minimum cost; determine the treatability of wastewater discharges and recommend methods for controlling industrial wastewater. These objectives necessitated a survey of the pollution loads from domestic sources and industry which were discharged to the fresh water and tidal reaches of four major tributaries in addition to the main river Nervion; the results of this part of the survey are described in this paper. The presence of iron in discharges from iron ore mining and metal processing was found to aid flocculation of organic matter and the consequent deposition of sludge in the estuary. This action and the rate of oxygen uptake during the decomposition of such deposits are also described. The domestic sewage of the study area receives treatment in septic tanks before discharging to rivers or the estuary. In spite of free hydrogen sulphide and high concentrations being present in the septic tank effluents, odour nuisance does not occur, because, as is shown in the paper, of the formation of ferrous sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration in the atmosphere at a pumping station was found to be above the safety level. The industrial load of impurity was estimated to be approximately 15% higher than the domestic load, but it is extremly difficult to find a rational basis on which comparisons may be made between domestic sewage and a mixture of industrial effluents containing substances inimical to biological activity. The industrial effluent was contained in a very large volume of water, much of it taken from the estuary for cooling or process water. It is calculated that if the industrial pollutants had been contained only in the fresh water used by industry the COD of the mixture would have been 1317 mg/l; the suspended solids 2143 mg/l; the ammonia nitrogen 191 mg/l; iron 1037 mg/l; other heavy metals 118 mg/l; fluoride as F 14.5 mg/l; cyanide as CN 8.1 mg/l; oil 196 mg/l; phenols 8.1 mg/l; mercury 0.13 mg/l; and the mixture would have had an excess of acidity of 5188 mg/l. An estimate of the load of substances having an oxygen demand indicated that of the total oxygen demand discharged to the system of rivers and estuary approximately 50% entered the estuary from the main tributaries, the remainder being discharged directly to the estuary. An outline is given of the methods that would be used to determine the treatability of industrial effluents which were rendered acceptable for discharge into public sewers.

scholarly journals Effluent Treatment Technologies and Cost Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6752-6757
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The Common

The Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) minimizes the pollution from industrial effluents. This plant monitors the reduction of physical and biochemical parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), heavy metals etc. The Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), a variation of the ASP, combines all the treatment steps and processes into a single basin. An improved SBR process is Attached Growth Batch Reactor (AGBR) technology that provisions for microbial growth on the settled media/bed to treat the industrial wastewater using enzymes. This technology, when used to treat polluted river water, achieved about 90% of reduction of wastewater parameters. Hence the same is envisioned for the treatment of industrial effluent. In all the above methods the sludge settlement occurs. It contains biodegradable carbon content which could be used as feed for Biogas Digesters to produce Methane. The present study aims at examining the benefits of combining AGBR and Biogas Digester to implement the 3Rs (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) [1]

scholarly journals SET-UP OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT QUALITY STANDARDS BASED ON WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen ◽  
An Khanh Huynh ◽  
Hai Xuan Son Tran
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Whole Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Specific Standard ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Assessing Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Vietnam standards include TCVN 2000 and TCVN 2001 were enforced to overcome disadvandges of old standards enforced in 1995. They also mention to geographical position, discharge loading and application. TCVN 2000 and TCVN 2001 were established and assessed that they are sensible and conformable with practice. However, these standards have some disadvantages. The current standards are applied to all kinds of industrial wastewater. At present, there have no specific standard applied to particular industry so it is so trict to one industry but easy to anothers. This study aims to propose discharge standard which based on discharge loading, concentration and raw wastewater characteristics of some typical industries such as textile, latex, paper, alcohol and leakage. The proposal is based on the assessing method of toxicity of treated wastewater after releasing to effluent receiving. Keywords: Vietnam standard, discharge standard, induatrial wastewater, concentration, emission flow rate, effluent receiving.

scholarly journals Combined Industrial Wastewater Treatment in Anaerobic Bioreactor Posttreated in Constructed Wetland

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Saima Zeb ◽  
Qaisar Mahmood ◽  
Saima Jadoon ◽  
Arshid Pervez ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactor ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Constructed wetland (CW) with monoculture ofArundo donaxL. was investigated for the posttreatment of anaerobic bioreactor (ABR) treating combined industrial wastewater. Different dilutions of combined industrial wastewater (20, 40, 60, and 80) and original wastewater were fed into the ABR and then posttreated by the laboratory scale CW. The respective removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TSS, nitrates, and ammonia were 80%, 78–82%, 91.7%, 88–92%, and 100% for original industrial wastewater treated in ABR. ABR was efficient in the removal of Ni, Pb, and Cd with removal efficiencies in the order of Cd (2.7%) > Ni (79%) > Pb (85%). Posttreatment of the ABR treated effluent was carried out in lab scale CW containingA. donaxL. CW was effective in the removal of COD and various heavy metals present in ABR effluents. The posttreatment in CW resulted in reducing the metal concentrations to 1.95 mg/L, 0 mg/L, and 0.004 mg/L for Ni, Pb, and Cd which were within the permissible water quality standards for industrial effluents. The treatment strategy was effective and sustainable for the treatment of combined industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Application of Chitosan-Clay Biocomposite Beads for Removal of Heavy Metal and Dye from Industrial Effluent

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Biswas ◽  
Taslim Ur Rashid ◽  
Tonmoy Debnath ◽  
Papia Haque ◽  
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Composite Beads ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Universal Application

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing green biocomposite for industrial wastewater treatment. In this study, prawn-shell-derived chitosan (CHT) and kaolinite rich modified clay (MC) were used to fabricate biocomposite beads with different compositions. Prepared composite beads were characterized by FTIR, and XRD, and SEM. The possible application of the beads was evaluated primarily by measuring the adsorption efficiency in standard models of lead (II) and methylene blue (MB) dye solution, and the results show a promising removal efficiency. In addition, the composites were used to remove Cr (VI), Pb (II), and MB from real industrial effluents. From tannery effluent, 50.90% of chromium and 39.50% of lead ions were removed by composites rich in chitosan and 31.50% of MB was removed from textile effluent by a composite rich in clay. Moreover, the composite beads were found to be activated in both acidic and basic media depending on their composition, which gives a scope to their universal application in dye and heavy metal removal from wastewater from various industries.

Acute and chronic toxicity studies on Polygonum glabrum in experimental animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar A ◽  
Gandhimathi R
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Diuretic Agents

Polygonum glabrum is being used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat pneumonia and jaundice. Plant roots are used in ayurvedic preparations to treat fever and colic. The leaves are used as diuretic agents and process vermifuge action. Plant decoction is also used in the treatment of Rheumatism. Besides having many uses and folklore claims, herbal medicines are to be thoroughly investigated for their toxicity also. Therefore this work is being carried out to examine the toxicity of the drug and established dose is safe to use in the clinical stage. The current research studied the acute and chronic toxicity of Polygonum glabrum root extract in rats. It is proved that there was no change in any parameter tested both in acute and chronic toxicity, which means the extract is safe and non-toxic at the dose of 2g/kg also.

Study of acute and chronic toxicity of homeopathic syrup Stodal

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
S. V. Alekseeva ◽  
A. V. Sorokina ◽  
V. V. Zabrodina ◽  
I. A. Miroshkina ◽  
A. S. Lapitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity

Management and Status of Japanese Public Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Japanese Rivers ◽  
Per Capita

The management and status of public water bodies in Japan is discussed. The environmental quality standards which have been set and the levels of compliance with these standards are shown. The water quality of Japanese rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters is described, and eutrophication problems are mentioned. The effects of changes in population density and levels of recycling of industrial wastewaters on the quality of water bodies are discussed. Almost 75% of industrial wastewater is now recycled. Per capita availability of freshwater in Japan is comparatively low, and the construction of 530 dams, in addition to the 2393 dams already in operation, is planned. Irrigation effluents from paddy fields are a major factor which influences river water quality in Japan. The improvement of water quality using various methods is discussed.

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