scholarly journals Cloning, expression, and purification of the M cell targeting peptide CPE16 derived from C-terminus of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and the binding evaluation with Claudin-r4

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Huynh Kien Quang ◽  
Mai Quoc Gia ◽  
Nguyen Hoang An ◽  
Vo Thi Thanh Ha ◽  
Tran Van Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Recombinant Plasmid ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin ◽  
C Terminus

Developing the oral vaccine that stimulates the mucosal immune system in order to prevent the gastro-intestinal infection is an indispensable demand nowadays. Targeting the M cells, which is a sampling antigen cell, is a highly efficient solution to prevent the dispersion of antigens. Many researches demonstrate that C-terminus Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin bounds to the Claudin- 4 receptor on the M cell surface. By using bioinformatics methods, the peptide CPE16 (16 amino acid of C-terminus of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin) was predicted to have a high affinity to Claudin-4 receptor on M cells. In this present study, CPE16-GFP was produced as a resource to assess the binding ability to M cells. Recombinant plasmid pET22b-cpe16-gfp was constructed through cloning cpe16-gfp gene into pET22b by two restriction enzymes, NdeI and XhoI, respectively. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The expression of protein CPE16-GFP was induced by 0.5 mM IPTG and confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and Western blot probed with anti-6xHis antibody. CPE16-GFP protein was expressed in soluble form. CPE16- GFP was purified by using immobilized-metal affinity chromatography with the purity up to 94.14 percent. Finally, CPE16 was tested for the binding ability to recombinant GST-claudin-R4 with the use of silicon nanowire (SiNW-FET). The result showed that CPE16 interacted with GST-claudin-R4 presented by the change of the current through nanowire, compared to its counterpart control GST.  

scholarly journals Cloning, expression, purification and interaction evaluation of 30 amino acids in C terminus of Clostridium perfringens toxin with its receptor Claudin-4

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Quang Kien Huynh ◽  
An Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Quynh Thi Mong Pham ◽  
Hoan Phuoc Khai Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Terminus

Oral vaccine is a strategy being the most interested about treatments of gastrointestinal infections because of many great benefits outweigh conventional injection vaccines. In order to resolve the dispersion of antigens in gastrointestinal surfaces, the immunological tolerance and also be capable to stimulate immune responses effectively, M cells are targeted for antigens delivery. A number of researches reported that 30 amino acids in C terminus of Clostridium perfringens toxin (CPE30) have a high affinity to Claudin-4 receptor presenting on M cells. It is highly indispensable to produce a resource for assessing of CPE30 binding ability so cpe30 gene was cloned into the pET-gfp plasmid by two restriction enzymes BamHI and NdeI on the E. coli DH5α strain. The expression and confirmation of the fusion protein CPE30-GFP which was induced by IPTG in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain and assessed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with 6xHis Taq antibody demonstrated that there was the over expression of CPE30 GFP fusion protein in the cytoplasm, mainly in the soluble form. Finally, CPE30-GFP was purified which the purity was approximately 92.3%. In vitro protein interaction measurement using silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW FETs) showed that CPE30-GFP had a good binding affinity with its receptor Claudin-4 (R4). This result laid the groundwork for the CPE30 interaction study with the M cell in vivo.

scholarly journals Inoculum Composition and SalmonellaPathogenicity Island 1 Regulate M-Cell Invasion and Epithelial Destruction by Salmonella typhimurium

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ann Clark ◽  
Barry H. Hirst ◽  
Mark A. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACT In the mouse model of Salmonella typhimurium infection, the specialized antigen-sampling intestinal M cells are the primary route of Salmonella invasion during the early stages of infection. Under certain experimental conditions, M-cell invasion is accompanied by M-cell destruction and loss of adjacent regions of the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), although the conditions responsible for expression of the cytotoxic phenotype in a proportion of previous studies have not been defined. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect exerted by wild-typeS. typhimurium on mouse Peyer’s patch FAE is dependent on the inoculum composition. We have also demonstrated that the extent of FAE destruction correlates with the extent of M-cell invasion. Bacteria inoculated in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth induce extensive FAE loss and exhibit efficient M-cell invasion, whereas bacteria inoculated in phosphate-buffered saline fail to induce significant FAE disruption and invade M cells at significantly lower levels. Similarly, inoculation in LB significantly enhances invasion of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by wild-type S. typhimurium. Mutants defective for expression of invA, a component of Salmonellapathogenicity island 1 which is vital for efficient invasion of cultured cells, fail to induce FAE destruction and, when inoculated in LB, are attenuated for M-cell invasion. Variation in invgene expression is, therefore, one possible mechanism by which inoculate composition may regulate the virulence of wild-type S. typhimurium. Our findings suggest that the composition of the gut luminal contents may be critical in determining the outcome of naturally acquired Salmonella infections and that both vaccine formulation and dietary status of vaccine recipients may significantly affect the efficacy and safety of liveSalmonella oral vaccine delivery systems.

scholarly journals A novel M cell–specific carbohydrate-targeted mucosal vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific immune responses

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 2789-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Nochi ◽  
Yoshikazu Yuki ◽  
Akiko Matsumura ◽  
Mio Mejima ◽  
Kazutaka Terahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Carbohydrate Moiety ◽  
Mucosal Vaccine ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
High Level

Mucosally ingested and inhaled antigens are taken up by membranous or microfold cells (M cells) in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches or nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. We established a novel M cell–specific monoclonal antibody (mAb NKM 16–2-4) as a carrier for M cell–targeted mucosal vaccine. mAb NKM 16–2-4 also reacted with the recently discovered villous M cells, but not with epithelial cells or goblet cells. Oral administration of tetanus toxoid (TT)– or botulinum toxoid (BT)–conjugated NKM 16–2-4, together with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin, induced high-level, antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and mucosal IgA responses. In addition, an oral vaccine formulation of BT-conjugated NKM 16–2-4 induced protective immunity against lethal challenge with botulinum toxin. An epitope analysis of NKM 16–2-4 revealed specificity to an α(1,2)-fucose–containing carbohydrate moiety, and reactivity was enhanced under sialic acid–lacking conditions. This suggests that NKM 16–2-4 distinguishes α(1,2)-fucosylated M cells from goblet cells containing abundant sialic acids neighboring the α(1,2) fucose moiety and from non-α(1,2)-fucosylated epithelial cells. The use of NKM 16–2-4 to target vaccine antigens to the M cell–specific carbohydrate moiety is a new strategy for developing highly effective mucosal vaccines.

scholarly journals M CELLS ARE THE IMPORTANT POST IN THE INITIATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN INTESTINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
A. S. Bykov ◽  
A. V. Karaulov ◽  
D. A. Tsomartova ◽  
N. L. Kartashkina ◽  
V. L. Goriachkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
And Function

Microfold cells (M cells) are specialized intestinal epithelial cells that initiate mucosal immune responses. These unique phagocytic epithelial cells are specialized for the transfer of a broad range of particulate antigens and microorganisms across the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) into the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by a process termed transcytosis. The molecular basis of antigen uptake by M cells has been gradually identified in the last decade. Active sampling of intestinal antigen initiates regulated immune responses that ensure intestinal homeostasis. The delivery of luminal substances across the intestinal epithelium to the immune system is a critical event in immune surveillance resulting in tolerance to dietary antigens and immunity to pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, and parasites) and their toxins. Several specialized mechanisms transport luminal antigen across the gut epithelium. Discovery of M cell-specific receptors are of great interest, which could act as molecular tags for targeted delivery oral vaccine to M cells. Recent studies demonstrated that M cells utilize several receptors to recognize and transport specific luminal antigens. Vaccination through the mucosal immune system can induce effective systemic immune responses simultaneously with mucosal immunity. How this process is regulated is largely unknown. This review aims to show a new understanding of the factors that influence the development and function of M cells; to show the molecules expressed on M cells which appear to be used as immunosurveillance receptors to sample pathogenic microorganisms in the gut; to note how certain pathogens appear to exploit M cells to inject the host; and, finally, how this knowledge is used to specifically "target" antigens to M cells to attempt to improve the efficacy of mucosal vaccines. Recently, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the factors that influence the development and function of M cells.

scholarly journals Role of the glycocalyx in regulating access of microparticles to apical plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells: implications for microbial attachment and oral vaccine targeting.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Frey ◽  
K T Giannasca ◽  
R Weltzin ◽  
P J Giannasca ◽  
H Reggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Apical Membranes

Transepithelial transport of antigens and pathogens across the epithelial barrier by M cells may be a prerequisite for induction of mucosal immunity in the intestine. Efficient transport of antigens and pathogens requires adherence to M cell apical surfaces. Coupling of antigen-containing particles to the pentameric binding subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been proposed as a means for increasing antigen uptake because the CTB receptor, ganglioside GM1, is a glycolipid present in apical membranes of all intestinal epithelial cells. To test the accessibility of enterocyte and M cell membrane glycolipids to ligands in the size ranges of viruses, bacteria, and particulate mucosal vaccines, we analyzed binding of CTB probes of different sizes to rabbit Peyer's patch epithelium. Soluble CTB-fluorescein isothiocyanate (diameter 6.4 nm) bound to apical membranes of all epithelial cells. CTB coupled to 14 nm colloidal gold (final diameter, 28.8 nm) failed to adhere to enterocytes but did adhere to M cells. CTB-coated, fluorescent microparticles (final diameter, 1.13 microns) failed to adhere to enterocytes or M cells in vivo or to well-differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. However, these particles bound specifically to GM1 on BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro and to undifferentiated Caco-2 cells that lacked brush borders and glycocalyx. Measurements of glycocalyx thickness by electron microscopy suggested that a relatively thin (20 nm) glycocalyx was sufficient to prevent access of 1-micron microparticles to glycolipid receptors. Thus, the barrier function of the intestinal epithelial cell glycocalyx may be important in limiting microbial adherence to membrane glycolipids, and in CTB-mediated targeting of vaccines to M cells and the mucosal immune system.

Expression, Purification, and in vivo Evaluation of GFP-Fused M Cell Targeting Receptor Binding Domain of Protein FimH

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Hoa Nguyen-Thi ◽  
Kien-Quang Huynh ◽  
Phuong-Linh Dinh-Thi ◽  
Linh-Thuoc Tran ◽  
Yong-Suk Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
E Coli

Background: The number of oral vaccines is still limited due to many difficulties suffered in the intestinal environment, such as mucosal clearance, vast area, harsh conditions, deteriorative enzymes, impermeability, tolerance, etc. Numerous strategies have focused on directing antigen to the receptors of M cells, which is the main gateway to acquire and initiate specific responses to antigens in intestine. FimHrb is a receptor binding domain of type 1 of fimbriae from E. coli and Salmonella that can bind to GP2 receptor expressed exclusively on M cells. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the potential of FimHrb for oral vaccine development via its ability to adhere M cells. Methods: The coding gene of FimHrb fused Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was cloned and expressed intracellularly in E. coli host strain. The recombinant protein FimHrb-GFP was then purified by IMAC method through 6x His tag designed downstream of GFP. Finally, the purified protein was monitored its binding on murine M cells in Payer Patch region. Results: Following the methods mentioned above, the coding gene FimHrb-GFP was successfully cloned into vector pET22b and intracellularly expressed in soluble form at low temperature induction. The purity and the recovered yield of this protein were 90% and 20%, respectively. After that, the adhesion of FimHrb-GFP was monitored in murine small intestine, which showed that the protein bound to Peyer Patch region and did not restrict on M cells. Conclusion: With the present data, we revealed a candidate protein FimHrb targeted receptor on M cells for oral vaccine development and other factors in E. coli would supplement FimH to provide the specific invasion of these bacteria via M cells.

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