The Effects of Physically Opening Packaging on Consumers’ Perceived Familiarity toward Product

ABSTRACT:Individuals often lie for psychological rewards (e.g., preserving self image and/or protecting others), absent economic rewards. We conducted a laboratory experiment, using a modified dictator game, to identify conditions that entice individuals to lie solely for psychological rewards. We argue that such lies can provide a ready means for individuals to manage others’ impression of them. We investigated the effect of social distance (the perceived familiarity, intimacy, or psychological proximity between two parties) and knowledge of circumstances (whether parties have common or asymmetric information) on the frequency of lying. We found that lying occurs more frequently when social distance is near and that the effect is exacerbated when information is asymmetric. Our theoretical development suggests that, under these conditions, individuals’ need to manage others’ impression is magnified. We discuss the implications of our findings.

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Athletic Trainers' Familiarity With and Perceptions of Academic Accommodations in Secondary School Athletes After Sport-Related Concussion

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.81 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Richelle M. Williams ◽

Cailee E. Welch ◽

John T. Parsons ◽

Tamara C. Valovich McLeod

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Employment Status ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Athletic Trainers ◽

School Setting ◽

Full Time ◽

Years Of Experience ◽

Academic Accommodations ◽

Cognitive Rest ◽

Perceived Familiarity

Context: Sport-related concussion can affect athletes' sport participation and academic success. With the recent emphasis on cognitive rest, student-athletes may benefit from academic accommodations (AA) in the classroom; however, athletic trainers' (ATs') perceived familiarity with, and use of, AA is unknown. Objective: To assess secondary school ATs' perceived familiarity with, attitudes and beliefs about, and incorporation of AA for student-athletes after sport-related concussion. A secondary purpose was to determine whether employment status altered familiarity and use of AA. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Online survey. Patients or Other Participants: Of 3286 possible respondents, 851 secondary school ATs accessed the survey (response rate = 25.9%; 308 men [36.2%], 376 women [44.2%], 167 respondents [19.6%] with sex information missing; age = 37.3 ± 10.1 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants were solicited via e-mail to complete the Beliefs, Attitudes and Knowledge Following Pediatric Athlete Concussion among Athletic Trainers employed in the secondary school setting (BAKPAC-AT) survey. The BAKPAC-AT assessed ATs' perceived familiarity, perceptions, and roles regarding 504 plans, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), and returning student-athletes to the classroom. Independent variables were employment status (full time versus part time), employment model (direct versus outreach), years certified, and years of experience in the secondary school setting. The dependent variables were participants' responses to the AA questions. Spearman rank-correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships and Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests (P < .05) were used to identify differences. Results: Respondents reported that approximately 41% of the student-athletes whose sport-related concussions they managed received AA. Respondents employed directly by the school were more familiar with 504 plans (P < .001) and IEPs (P < .001) and had a greater belief that ATs should have a role in AA. Both the number of years certified and the years of experience at the secondary school were significantly correlated with perceived familiarity regarding 504 plans and IEPs. Conclusions: The ATs employed directly by secondary schools and those with more experience as secondary school ATs were more familiar with AA. Understanding AA is important for all ATs because cognitive rest and “return to learn” are becoming more widely recommended in concussion management.

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Government Health Warnings and the “Boomerang” Effect

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1979.44.2.643 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 643-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Michael Hyland ◽

James Birrell

Keyword(s):

Health Warnings ◽

Health Warning ◽

Government Health ◽

Boomerang Effect ◽

Perceived Familiarity

The experiment shows that the presence of a government health warning on cigarette advertisements can “boomerang,” leading to an increased desire to smoke. 24 housewives saw a series of 25 cigarette advertisements; for 12 subjects the health warning was present and for 12 it was absent. Half the subjects in each group were smokers and half non-smokers. The presence of the warning increased the desire to smoke but the increase seems to be greater for smokers than for non-smokers. The presence of the warning decreases the perceived goodness of the advertisement but does not affect its perceived familiarity.

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Who is the Usual Suspect? Evidence of a Selection Bias Toward Faces That Make Direct Eye Contact in a Lineup Task

i-Perception ◽

10.1177/2041669517690411 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 204166951769041

Author(s):

Jessica Taubert ◽

Celine van Golde ◽

Frans A. J. Verstraten

Keyword(s):

Eyewitness Identification ◽

Critical Role ◽

Eye Contact ◽

Gaze Direction ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Social Signal ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Perceived Familiarity ◽

Critical Conversation

The speed and ease with which we recognize the faces of our friends and family members belies the difficulty we have recognizing less familiar individuals. Nonetheless, overconfidence in our ability to recognize faces has carried over into various aspects of our legal system; for instance, eyewitness identification serves a critical role in criminal proceedings. For this reason, understanding the perceptual and psychological processes that underlie false identification is of the utmost importance. Gaze direction is a salient social signal and direct eye contact, in particular, is thought to capture attention. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differences in gaze direction may influence difficult decisions in a lineup context. In a series of experiments, we show that when a group of faces differed in their gaze direction, the faces that were making eye contact with the participants were more likely to be misidentified. Interestingly, this bias disappeared when the faces are presented with their eyes closed. These findings open a critical conversation between social neuroscience and forensic psychology, and imply that direct eye contact may (wrongly) increase the perceived familiarity of a face.

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Distinguishing scientific knowledge: The impact of different measures of knowledge on genetically modified food attitudes

Public Understanding of Science ◽

10.1177/0963662518824837 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 449-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kathleen M. Rose ◽

Emily L. Howell ◽

Leona Y.-F. Su ◽

Michael A. Xenos ◽

Dominique Brossard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

Factual Knowledge ◽

Genetically Modified Food ◽

Genetically Modified Foods ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Food Attitudes ◽

Perceived Familiarity ◽

The Impact

The impact of knowledge on public attitudes toward scientific issues remains unclear, due in part to ill-defined differences in how research designs conceptualize knowledge. Using genetically modified foods as a framework, we explore the impacts of perceived familiarity and factual knowledge, and the moderating roles of media attention and a food-specific attitudinal variable (food consciousness), in shaping these relationships. Based on the differential effects on “negative attitudes” toward genetically modified foods, we provide further evidence that the measures of knowledge are separate concepts and argue against a one-dimensional view of scientific knowledge. We discuss implications for understanding the relationship between knowledge and science attitudes.

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Don't I Know You? Exploring How Context Affects the Perceived Familiarity of Strangers

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e520602012-352 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Samantha A. Deffler ◽

Elizabeth J. Marsh ◽

Alan S. Brown

Keyword(s):

Perceived Familiarity

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Perceived Mobile Information Security and Adoption of Mobile Payment Services in China

Mobile Commerce ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2599-8.ch055 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1179-1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fei Gao ◽

Pei-Luen Patrick Rau ◽

Yubo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Information Security ◽

Control Level ◽

Mobile Payment ◽

Intention To Use ◽

Payment Systems ◽

Mobile Information ◽

Perceived Security ◽

Perceived Familiarity ◽

Human Side ◽

The Impact

The rapid deployment of mobile devices and the development of mobile services and applications require to address the mobile information security from the human side. This study was aimed at identifying factors influencing people's perception of mobile information security, to investigate the impact of these factors and to facilitate related service design. A survey was conducted and analyzed with exploratory factor analysis. Five factors were identified, including perceived familiarity, perceived impact, perceived controllability, perceived awareness and perceived possibility. Thereinto, the impact of controllability, impact and familiarity on the adoption of mobile payment was investigated. Impact significantly affected the intention to use, but not the perceived security of payment systems. Control level significantly affected the intention to use and the perceived security. Familiarity was found to have an effect on neither the intention to use nor the perceived security. Related design implications for mobile payment systems were discussed.

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Interview Candidates

The Consultant Interview ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199594801.003.0011 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Watkin ◽

Andrew Vincent

Keyword(s):

Future Contribution ◽

Considerable Advantage ◽

Perceived Familiarity

In this chapter, we focus on the dynamic brought by different combinations of candidate, looking at three specific scenarios. Firstly, we look at the implications of there being an internal candidate, from the perspective of being both the internal candidate and the competing external candidate. We then examine the implications of being either the only candidate or a head-hunted candidate, two scenarios where it is easy to ‘undo’ being offered the job. There is no doubt that being an internal candidate can put you at a considerable advantage. Some of the interview committee may well: • Know your past, your good points and bad points and will be better able to judge your likely future contribution • Have already developed a relationship with you, including a sense of whether they feel comfortable working with you for the next 30 years However, this familiarity or perceived familiarity can also be the internal candidate’s downfall. It is not infrequent that we come across internal candidates who believe the job is in the bag and so fail to prepare or engage in the activity that ensures they are likely to be offered the job, e.g. undertaking pre-interview visits. Sometimes it is because they think it is embarrassing to do something like a pre-interview visit if they are already employed in the Trust and know the staff well. We also find internal candidates who are reluctant to really sell themselves at interview when already known, again out of embarrassment. The advice is clear—prepare as though you were an external candidate whilst making best use or advantage of your internal status. Take nothing for granted and ensure you do your homework as thoroughly as any good external candidate. When experiencing your efforts to prepare, your colleagues, far from thinking it is weird, are likely to view this as the sort of commitment they would want from a future colleague. Box 7.1 explores the internal candidate’s ‘must do’ list if you are to be successful.

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