scholarly journals KAIROMON SEBAGAI PEMANDU KEDATANGAN PARASITOID DIADEGMA SEMICLAUSUM HELLEN PADA LARVA INANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Fri Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum

Kairomon merupakan suatu zat kimia yang dikeluarkan oleh suatu spesies untuk menarik spesies yang berbeda seperti  larva hama terhadap  parasitoid. Sumber potensial kairomon bisa diperoleh dari kotoran, kelenjar ludah, sutera, kontaminasi tubuh, sekresi makan, dan sekresi pertahanan dari inang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui  keberadaan kairomon pada kotoran larva inang (larva P. xylostella) dan  pengenceran terbaik dalam mengundang kedatangan parasitoid  D. semiclausum.  Pengujian kairomon menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan.  Perlakuan  yaitu pengenceran kotoran inang pada 10-1, 10-2, (tanpa pengenceran = 100) dan kontrol. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa kotoran larva Plutella xylostella dapat memandu kedatangan parasitoid D. semiclausum  dengan indikator jumlah telur yang diletakkan pada pengenceran kotoran larva 10-1 dan 10-2 dan tingkat parasitisasi pada pengenceran kotoran larva 10-1 dan 10-0.  Kotoran larva  P. xylostella berperan sebagai kairomon bagi  parasitoid  D. semiclausum.    

Effects of Two Cultivated Brassica spp. on the Development and Performance of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitizing Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2094-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu ◽  
Stephen T O Othim
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., is the most destructive pest affecting vegetable production in Kenya and around the world. Parasitoids have shown promising results in lowering the pest populations and damage caused by DBM. However, variations in host plant quality have been reported to have bottom-up effects up to the third and fourth trophic levels. We assessed the effects of two cultivated Brassica varieties (cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cultivar ‘Gloria F1’ and kale, B. oleracea var. acephala L. cultivar ‘Thousand headed’) on the development and performance of the specialist pest P. xylostella and two exotic parasitoids Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) and Cotesia vestalis (Haliday). The exposed larval period of DBM took about 1.5 d longer on kale than cabbage and the total immature development time of both females and males was significantly longer on kale than cabbage. Higher pupal weight and higher fecundity were recorded on DBM fed on kale. Development time of D. semiclausum and C. vestalis was not affected by the host crop as was the parasitism rate of D. semiclausum. Heavier male pupae and larger adults of D. semiclausum, as well as more fecund adults of C. vestalis, were obtained from hosts fed on cabbage. Larger adults of C. vestalis were obtained from herbivores fed on kale. These results show potentially positive effects of host plant allelochemicals that are detrimental to herbivores while promoting parasitoid development and performance, which can be harnessed for the control of DBM.

scholarly journals Deep sequencing-based transcriptome analysis of Plutella xylostella larvae parasitized by Diadegma semiclausum

BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
Robin W Palfreyman ◽  
David Schlipalius ◽  
Lars K Nielsen ◽  
Richard V Glatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Profiling of Diadegma semiclausum Ichnovirus Integration in Parasitized Plutella xylostella Hemocytes Identifies Host Integration Motifs and Insertion Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-hua Wang ◽  
Yue-nan Zhou ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xi-qian Ye ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Host Genome ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Insertion Sites

Polydnaviruses (PDVs), classified into two genera, bracoviruses (BVs) and ichnoviruses (IVs), are large, double-stranded DNA viruses, which are beneficial symbionts of parasitoid wasps. PDVs do not replicate in their infected lepidopteran hosts. BV circles have been demonstrated to be integrated into host genomic DNA after natural parasitization. However, the integrations of IV circles in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the integration of Diadegma semiclausum ichnovirus (DsIV) in the genomic DNA of parasitized Plutella xylostella hemocytes. We found that DsIV circles are present in host hemocytes with non-integrated and integrated forms. Moreover, DsIV integrates its DNA circles into the host genome by two distinct strategies, conservatively, and randomly. We also found that four conserved-broken circles share similar motifs containing two reverse complementary repeats at their breaking sites, which were host integration motifs (HIMs). We also predicted HIMs of eight circles from other ichnoviruses, indicating that a HIM-mediated specific mechanism was conserved in IV integrations. Investigation of DsIV circle insertion sites of the host genome revealed the enrichment of microhomologies between the host genome and the DsIV circles at integration breakpoints. These findings will deepen our understanding of the infections of PDVs, especially IVs.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TEKNIK BUDIDAYA KUBIS TERHADAP DIVERSITAS ARTHROPODA DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN Plutella xylostella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Syarief
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Balung Lor, kecamatan Balung, kabupaten Jember, selama tiga bulan dimulai September sampai dengan Nopember 2013, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik budidaya kubis terhadap diversitas arthropoda dan intensitas serangan P. xylostella L. Indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener (H'), indeks domonansi  Simpson (D) dan indeks kemerataan jenis (E). Untuk membedakan  intensitas serangan P. xylostella L.   menggunakan       uji T pada taraf 5%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini sebagai berikut: diversitas arthropoda pada agroekosistem kubis yang dibudidayakan secara organik maupun konvensional menunjukkan jumlah kelas, ordo, famili dan spesies yang sama yaitu dua kelas,  tujuh ordo, empat belas famili dan enam belas spesies. Status dalam jaring makanan meliputi hama terdiri atas sembilan spesies yaitu Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae), P. xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Agrotis ipsilon Hufnage (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Crocidolomia pavonana Zell. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Myzus persicae Sulz. (Homoptera: Aphididae), Spodoptera litura F.( Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chrysodeixis chalcites Esp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) dan Phyllotretta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomilidae). Lima spesies predator meliputi: Leptogaster sp (Diptera: Asilidae), Oxyopes javanus (Araneae: Oxyopidae), Lycosa sp. (Araneae: Lycosidae), Mantis religeosa (Araneae: Mantidae) dan Solenopsis geminata F. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), satu parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum Hellen.  (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) dan satu detrivora Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Jumlah individu hama, predator, parasitoid maupun detrivora pada agroekosistem kubis yang dibudidayakan secara organik menunjukkan lebih besar dibanding konvensional. Indeks diversitas arthropoda pada teknik budidaya organik lebih tinggi dibanding konvensional. Intensitas serangan  P. xylostella F. pada teknik budidaya organik dibanding konvensional menunjukkan berbeda tidak nyata.

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