scholarly journals The Hamas Movement: Ideology vs. Pragmatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
David Schwartz ◽  
Daniel Galily
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Western Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Israeli Arabs ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
The Masses

This study aims to present the Hamas Movement, its ideology and pragmatism. With progress and modernization, the Islamic movements in the Middle East realized that they could not deny progress, so they decided to join the mainstream and take advantage of technological progress in their favor. The movement maintains at least one website in which it publishes its way, and guides the audience. Although these movements seem to maintain a rigid ideology, they adapt themselves to reality with the help of many tools, because they have realized that reality is stronger than they are. In conclusions: the rise of the Islamist movements as a leading social and political force in the Middle East is the result of the bankruptcy of nationalism, secularism and the left in the Arab world, which created an ideological vacuum, which is filled to a large extent by the fundamentalists, ensuring that Islam is the solution. It is not only about the extent of the return to religion, but about the transformation of religion into a major political factor both by the regimes and by the opposition. These are political movements that deal first and foremost with the social and political mobilization of the masses, and they exert pressure to apply the Islamic law as the law of the state instead of the legal systems taken from the Western model. Islam is a belief rooted in the consciousness of the masses and deeply ingrained in Egyptian culture. In Israel, the situation is different, modernization and democracy also affects Israeli Arabs. Therefore, it is possible that Islam is not so deeply rooted in the culture of the Arab citizens of Israel, they are aware of the possibility of a different path other than Islam. The movements have developed over time tools that enable them to cope with reality. The religious law in Islam allows flexibility in organizing community life, Shari’a is adapted to reality because of the ruler's ability to canonize legislation and flexibility in political life according to principles such as sabra and long-term goals, to compromise with reality and find temporary solutions, as well as religious scholars who provide fatwas and commentaries on every subject.

scholarly journals The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: Ideology vs. Pragmatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
David Schwartz ◽  
Daniel Galily
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Western Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Masses

This study aims to present the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, its ideology and pragmatism. With progress and modernization, the Islamic movements in the Middle East realized that they could not deny progress, so they decided to join the mainstream and take advantage of technological progress in their favor. The movement maintains at least one website in which it publishes its way, and guides the audience. Although these movements seem to maintain a rigid ideology, they adapt themselves to reality with the help of many tools, because they have realized that reality is stronger than they are. The main points in the article are: The status of religion in the country; What is the Muslim Brotherhood? According to which ideology is the movement taking place? - Movement background and ideology; Theoretical background – The theory of Pragmatism; How is pragmatism manifested in the activity of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt? In conclusions: The rise of the Islamist movements as a leading social and political force in the Middle East is the result of the bankruptcy of nationalism, secularism and the left in the Arab world, which created an ideological vacuum, which is filled to a large extent by the fundamentalists, ensuring that Islam is the solution. It is not only about the extent of the return to religion, but about the transformation of religion into a major political factor both by the regimes and by the opposition. These are political movements that deal first and foremost with the social and political mobilization of the masses, and they exert pressure to apply the Islamic law as the law of the state instead of the legal systems taken from the Western model.

Are Arab Politics Still Arab?

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrold D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Arab Politics ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Traditional Area

For many scholars and observers of the Middle East, the uniqueness of the Arabs has proved to be far more interesting than those areas of Arab political life that exhibit similarities with politics elsewhere. Some of the studies reviewed here provide a partial corrective to this gap. They suggest that Arab politics, much like politics in other settings, is concerned with issues of socioeconomic change and conflict, problems of legitimacy, the role of competing ideologies, and elite factionalism. Those of the studies that highlight the weaknesses of pan-Arabism are more persuasive than those that emphasize its vitality. What is needed now is the ability to determine where we can usefully generalize about Arab politics and where politics in the Arab world are in fact unique. The social-scientific approach is deemed more likely to accomplish this analytical goal than the traditional area-studies and policy approaches.

Community, dialect and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking Middle East

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Holes
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Everyday Communication

The purpose of this paper is to explain how changes in the social structure of the countries of the Arabic-speaking Middle East are being reflected in new patterns of dialect use. The last 30 years have seen an enormously increased interest in Arabic as a living mode of everyday communication, reflected in many dialectological, typological and sociolinguistic studies. As a result, we now have a much clearer overall picture of the dialect geography of the eastern Arab world, and the beginnings of an understanding of the dynamics of language change. Inevitably, the focus of many studies has been geographically specific, so that the area-wide nexus between social change and linguistic change has not always been seen in a sufficiently broad context. By examining three case studies documented in the literature, I aim to point up similarities in the dynamics of change which are often obscured by distracting local particularities.

scholarly journals Perspektywy i wyzwania demokracji na przykładzie liberalnego nurtu islamu

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jędrzejczyk-Kuliniak
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revival Movement

The religious and cultural system of Islam is not a monolith, although it cannot be claimed that there are many Islams. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the trend of religious fundamentalism has predominated in public opinion. However, this is only one of many forms of Islam. Its other extreme is the liberal one. These two religious interpretations are rather hostile towards one another, which finds reflection in the values each preaches. The movement of Islamic revival is connected with liberal thinking and it goes beyond the Arab countries. It can also be observed in Europe and the Muslim countries in Asia. Each movement is specific and tries to face up to different social and political issues. Given the deficit of democracy and the existence of authoritarian governments in the Middle East, the revival movement of the Arab world provides the best opportunity to scrutinize the challenges and development opportunities for democracy. This tendency is becoming an increasingly significant political force in the Middle East. Its representatives are also referred to as Muslim centrists, democrats or liberal Muslim reformers. They base their visions of political development on the social doctrine of Islam, stemming from the nahda movement, and from the ‘re-opening of the ijtihad’. The paper presents the values of liberal Islam, including the Muslim concept of democracy, social justice, sovereignty, freedom and the equality of women. The purpose of the paper is also to outline the main challenges related to the liberalization of Islam.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN PASCA ISLAMISME DALAM KONTEKS GERAKAN ISLAM DI MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Ahmad Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Islamist Movement

AbstractPost-Islamism is a new trend that emerged in the work of political Islam after the emergence of Islamism in line with the demands of the requirements democracy. Thus, most of the Islamic movements worldwide give different interpretations of the concept of the Islamic state, the issue of implementing Islamic law and cooperation between the non-Muslims. The development of this trend began to produce the Islamists who support opinionated approach to post-Islamism in political Islam, including among Islamic movements in the country. The objective of this study to analyze the elements of post-Islamism thought in the Islamic movement in Malaysia. This study is qualitative. The method of collecting data using document analysis of journals, articles, theses, books and works of scholars who talk about the development of post-Islamism and the Islamist movement worldwide. Meanwhile, data analysis using descriptive and historical approach through content analysis. The study concluded that not only Islamic movements in the Middle East and West Asia receive thinking Post-Islamism, but Islamic movements in Malaysia was also impressed with the development of post-Islamism.Keywords: Post-Islamism, Islamic Movement, Democracy  AbstrakPasca Islamisme merupakan trend baharu yang timbul dalam gerak kerja politik Islam. Kemunculan Pasca Islamisme selari dengan tuntutan memenuhi kehendak demokrasi. Justeru, kebanyakan gerakan Islam seluruh dunia mulai berbeza tafsiran terhadap konsep negara Islam, isu pelaksanaan undang-undang Islam dan kerjasama antara Non-Muslim. Perkembangan trend ini melahirkan golongan Islamis yang mulai berpendirian menyokong pendekatan Pasca Islamisme dalam arena politik Islam termasuk dalam kalangan gerakan Islam di Malaysia. Objektif kajian ialah menganalisis unsur-unsur pemikiran Pasca Islamisme dalam gerakan Islam di Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif. Kaedah pengumpulan data menggunakan metode analisis dokumen terhadap jurnal, artikel, tesis, buku, dan karya sarjana yang membicarakan tentang Pasca Islamisme dan perkembangan gerakan Islam seluruh dunia. Analisis data pula menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode sejarah menerusi analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian merumuskan bahawa bukan sahaja gerakan Islam di Timur Tengah dan Asia Barat menerima pemikiran Pasca Islamisme, tetapi gerakan-gerakan Islam di Malaysia juga turut terkesan dengan perkembangan Pasca Islamisme.Kata Kunci: Pasca Islamisme; Gerakan Islam; Demokrasi

scholarly journals Speaking About The Unspoken: Saudi Culture and Islamic Law in Antony Thomas’s Docudrama Death of a Princess

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-86
Author(s):  
Amany El-Sawy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Third World ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Norms

During recent decades, third world countries, especially Arab nations, have become concerned about their image in Western mass media. Arab commentators claim that coverage of their region “is often one-sided and one-dimensional” (Al-Nowais, H.E.A., 1980), and that their cultural characteristics have been falsely depicted. Such misrepresentation is one factor that leads Western viewers to misunderstand the social and political norms of the Arab world. Islam, as both a religion and a political force in Arab nations, is frequently misinterpreted. The topic that has most recently crystallized concern about the misrepresentation of Arab culture has been the role of women in Islamic societies. This paper tries to examine such misrepresentations, and to highlight Saudi culture and Islamic law, through an analysis of Antony Thomas’s docudrama Death of a Princess.

The Press in the Middle East and North Africa, 1850-1950

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Press

This volume presents twelve detailed case studies of the press from the Ottoman Empire and the post-Ottoman Arab world including North Africa in the period before independence (c.1850-1950). It charts the emergence of this important medium, its practitioners and its function as a forum and agent in political, social and cultural life in the Middle East and central to an understanding of the development of free speech, civil society, political life and cultural expression. Examining both local and foreign language publications the studies engage with themes such as the reading public, the representation of gender and class, the articulation of national, community and dissident voices in the press and its relationship with political power. The volume also provides a collective exploration of the profile of the practitioners of journalism from political activists and amateurs to the later emergence of the professional journalist in the Middle East. In taking up this focus, the collection argues that the press is both a vector and an agent of history that facilitates critical entrée into the complex processes of political, social and cultural transformation that the region was undergoing during this formative period.

Sex Policing in the Arab World

2020 ◽  
pp. 927-950
Author(s):  
Haider Ala Hamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Regimes

There are three legal regimes that play a role in the policing of sex in the modern Arab world. These are state law, Islamic law, and customary law. For the most part, the regimes are cooperative rather than in perpetual conflict, largely because citizens are aware of which regime controls in which circumstance. Most notably, the customary law and its harsh penalties for actual or perceived violations of sex norms tend to dominate the social field. Islamic law plays a decidedly secondary role. The function of state law is largely limited to supporting the application of customary norms, in many cases through withdrawal from the field in a manner that will permit the customary authorities to carry out their own modalities of enforcement. This chapter describes the interplay among the three regimes. It further makes the point that in the absence of a change of preferences among citizens for this general division of jurisdiction, reforms of state law, or issuances of fatwas relating to sex policing, will on their own be of little moment, given the predominance of customary law and customary norms in the field.

Social media and corporate communication antecedents of SME sustainability performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Sha. Mohammed Basri ◽  
Mohammed R.A. Siam
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Client Communication ◽  
Key Success Factor

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of social media and corporate communication as a key success factor of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Arab world. This is a conceptual study and has shed light on the notable existing literature on these issues and particularly of Arab context. The social media has emerged as an opportunity for marketing communication, and it is the easiest cheapest way of advertising products and services. Social media provides a platform wherein a company or firm can target a diverse audience and can create an effective communication strategy. The sustainability agenda has emerged as a key as well as a sensitive issue for the global as well as local organizations. The inclusion of corporate social responsibility and incorporation of sustainability initiatives have changed the corporate landscape and merged as key determinants of business success. The social media for many firms has emerged as a major outlet of internal and external corporate communication for sustainability. The uniqueness of social media is that it not only conveys a message, rather it also provides an opportunity for direct feedback from users. This study will be helpful for practitioners, policymakers and researchers in understanding the link between social media, corporate communication and sustainable performance of the SME sector. The paper adds to the literature on the role of social media and corporate communication as a key success factor of SMEs operating in Arab world.Design/methodology/approachThe paper will highlight significant and relevant findings generated from previous scholarly and commercial research on the subject. Thereafter, the discussion will focus on the unique relationship between the social media and the Arab world in social, political, religious or cultural and economic spheres. Thereafter, the paper will progress to the central theme of the discussion, reviewing social media’s impact on the Arabian market in such areas as offering a marketing platform for the new age, being an avenue and forum for increased sales, and as a public relations front line (a benchmark of direct client communication). Ultimately, the paper will provide a succinct conclusion to the discussion.FindingsThe paper affirmed that the social media is influencing/impacting the SMEs in the Arab region in numerous ways. Findings generated from recent empirical studies, strengthened by a resounding theoretical and scholarly literature, helped identify four of the main impacts of social media on SMEs in the Arab world. These four significant impacts, as discussed in the paper, include offering a marketing platform for the Information Age, offering an avenue and forum for increased sales, giving an innovative edge to SMEs in a bid to reduce expenditures/cost and increase profitability and creating a benchmark of direct client communication in modern PR. These fours ways constitute the most significant impact of social media, as demonstrated by SMEs in the Arab world, and in many ways they are congruent with the social media impact beyond the Middle East.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is very limited in Arab countries, and researchers could not use this study with female.Practical implicationsInformation technology and gender are linked with the usage of social media.Originality/valueThe core focus of the present paper was to provide a brief literature-based review of how the social media affects SME in the Arab world (largely in nations within the Middle East region). Not only is the social media enabling positive “societal and cultural change” in the Arab world.

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