scholarly journals Determining the Amount of Sanitary Water Flow from Dams based on the Quality of Drinking Water

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Annual Discharge

Introduction: Given the crisis of water shortage and the industrial development in Iran, comprehensive water-resource management, planning, and serious handling of water quality of the rivers in Iran are the critical issues to tackle with. The concentration of river pollutants is a function of both the quantity and quality of the river flow regime. In this regard, the construction of large dams leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in downstream rivers. These changes are effective in the health of the river environment for such uses as drinking, agriculture, and industry. Accordingly, it is essential to consider the quality of river water in addition to the amount of river water needs. Materials and Methods: This study examined a 22-km long section of the river at the riffle of Taleghan Dam in Alborz Province (103 km from Karaj), Iran. The average annual and monthly discharges of the river in four 6-km-apart stations were estimated. The statistics of eight hydrometric stations and a discharge-surface method were used to calculate the average annual discharge of each sub-basin downstream of Taleghan Dam. Moreover, the discharge non-dimensionalization method, along with the observational statistics of the index station, was used to calculate the average monthly discharge in the examined stations. The Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (RAS-HEC) software was then utilized to determine the values ​​of river flow rates hydraulically. Additionally, water quality parameters were compared with the standard concentrations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking-water quality to examine possible changes in pollutant concentrations during the study. Correlation and regression statistical tests in SPSS software (version 24) were then used to analyze the relationship between discharge and pollutant concentration. Results: The experimental equation of Q = 0.0372A0.8641 was obtained to estimate the discharge based on the sub-basins area using the discharge-surface method. The average annual discharge at stations 2, 3, and 4 (B, C, and D) were estimated at 1.39, 2.11, and 3.39 m3/s, respectively, using this equation. Subsequently, the average monthly discharges in the studied stations in September were calculated at 0.21, 0.29, and 0.46 m3/s, respectively. Afterward, the discharge was measured using HEC-RAS software in the same month at 0.34, 0.44, 0, and 0.62 m3/s, respectively. The examination of water quality values from ​​among the 17 water quality parameters revealed that physicochemical elements, pH concentration, lead (Pb), and electrical conductivity were higher than the standard concentration of drinking water proposed by the WHO. Conclusion: A model was presented to estimate sanitary water flow by performing correlation tests and linear regression calculations between the river discharge at the dam downstream and the concentration of water quality parameters. According to the proposed model, the minimum flow of sanitary water was estimated at 1.82 m3/s to be considered to release from the dam in the driest month of the year. Therefore, the release of water as the minimum flow of sanitary water less than 1.82 m3/s was not allowed in any other month of the year.

scholarly journals Developing Water Quality Index to Assess the Quality of the Drinking Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahad Esmaeel Mohammed ◽  
Khalid Adel Abdulrazzaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Euphrates River

In the present study, an attempt has been to develop a new water quality index (WQI) method that depends on the Iraqi specifications for drinking water (IQS 417, 2009)  to assess the validity of the Euphrates River for drinking by classifying the quality of the river water at different stations along its entire reach inside the Iraqi lands. The proposed classifications by this method are: Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Poor, and Very poor. Eight water quality parameters have been selected to represent the quality of the river water these are: Ion Hydrogen Concentration (pH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate (SO_4), Nitrate (NO_3), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The variation of the water quality parameters along the river have been represented by graphs using Excel.2013 software. The results revealed that the quality of the Euphrates River ranges from “Good” to “Poor”, it enters the Iraqi borders with “Good” water quality and gradually its quality begins to decrease after it receives pollution from many sources such as domestic sewage and different industrial effluents until its quality becomes “Poor” according to the proposed classification. Finally the proposed WQI can be used as a tool to assess the quality of the river with both place and time.

scholarly journals Impact of Precipitation and Flow Rate Changes on the Water Quality of a Coastal River

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hassan Pourfallah Koushali ◽  
Reza Mastouri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khaledian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Coastal River

This paper aims to investigate the effects of natural variables, including precipitation and flow rate, on the quality of the Zarjoub River in Guilan province, Iran. The new hydrological insight in this study is a lack of national research focused on the dual effects of rainfall and flow rate on river water quality in coastal areas along the Anzali Wetland. To investigate the effect of precipitation and flow rate on river water quality, nine water quality variables were monitored during the 10-year period. In this article, (a) the existence of trends and the best fitted models of water quality parameters and the discharge and precipitation were analysed using statistical techniques and (b) the relationships between concentration of constituents with the discharge and precipitation on the up-stream and middle station were also examined. Box plots, for explaining the distribution of a data collection, were used. The results showed the existence of trend of water quality parameters with river flow and rainfall. As presented in Section 3, with increasing precipitation and flow rate, concentration of all constituents, except pH and SO₄2, decreased. On the contrary, the maximum amount of water quality elements was observed in low precipitations; therefore, the maximum concentration occurred in less than 15 mm precipitation. Simple regression was used to evaluate the discharge concentration and precipitation concentration. According to the correlation coefficient (r), the relationship between concentration and precipitation is weaker than (0.238) discharge concentration (0.699). The results further showed climate change and river water quality to be related.

Effects of Two Types of Landfills on River Water Quality and Endocrine Disruptor Concentrations Before and After Rainfall in a Subtropical Climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Lin ◽  
Mei-Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Garbage Dump ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dilution Effects

Abstract One closed uncontrolled landfill, the Neihu garbage dump, and one active controlled landfill, the Sanzhuku sanitary landfill, were selected for investigation of their leachate characteristics and effects on adjacent river water quality before and after rainfall in northern Taiwan. A total of seven samplings were made during February and June 2007, with four samplings done after individual rainfall events on study sites. Water quality of runoff samples collected from the Sanzhuku sanitary landfill showed less pollution than the water quality of leachates collected from the Neihu garbage dump; however, some water quality levels of leachate samples collected from the Neihu garbage dump were relatively high, such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), orthophosphate (PO43-) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). At the uncontrolled dump, rainfall lead to dilution effects on river water NH3-N and PO43- concentrations, but not other water quality parameters. In contrast, the concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol were increased in both types of landfills after rainfall in the present study. Dilution effects of rainfall on most water quality parameters and toxicity tests were observed in the Neihu garbage dump leachates after rainfall, but not for the Sanzhuku Landfill runoff. The highest concentration of BPA measured in this study was 25.8 μg L-1 in the Sanzhuku sanitary landfill runoff after the heaviest rainfall event, during which 236 mm of rainfall accumulated over four days. The results of this study suggest that both uncontrolled and controlled landfill leachates can be an important potential pollution source of BPA to adjacent water bodies.

scholarly journals Mapping drinking water and quality of life aspects in urban settings: an application of the urban exposome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanthi D. Andrianou ◽  
Chava van der Lek ◽  
Pantelis Charisiadis ◽  
Solomon Ioannou ◽  
Kalliopi N. Fotopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study

AbstractCities face rapid changes leading to increasing inequalities and emerging public health issues that require cost-effective interventions. The urban exposome framework constitutes a novel approach in tackling city-wide challenges, such as those of drinking water quality and quality of life. In this proof-of-concept study, we presented part of the urban exposome of Limassol (Cyprus) focusing on chemical and microbial drinking water quality parameters and their association with urban neighborhood indicators. A perceptions study and an urban population study was conducted. We mapped the water quality parameters and participants’ opinions on city life (i.e. neighborhood life, health care and green space access) using quarters (small administrative areas) as the reference unit of the city. In an exploratory environment-wide association study analysis, we used all variables (questionnaire responses and water quality metrics) to describe correlations between them accounting, also, for self-reported health status. Overall, urban drinking-water quality using conventional indicators of chemical (disinfection byproducts-trihalomethanes) and microbial (coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococci) quality did not raise particular concerns. The general health and chronic health status of the urban participants were significantly (all >FDR corrected p value of 0.1) associated with different health conditions such as hypertension and asthma, or having financial issues in access to dental care. Additionally, correlations between trihalomethanes and participant characteristics (e.g. household cleaning, drinking water habits) were documented. This proof-of-concept study showed the potential of using integrative approaches to develop urban exposomic profiles and identifying within-city differentiated environmental and health indicators. The characterization of the urban exposome of Limassol will be expanded via the inclusion of biomonitoring tools and untargeted metabolomics platforms.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical water quality parameters of Lake Bunyonyi, Southwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Saturday ◽  
Thomas J. Lyimo ◽  
John Machiwa ◽  
Siajali Pamba
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Bureau

AbstractThe current study was carried out to examine the spatial and temporal variations of physicochemical water quality parameters of Lake Bunyonyi. The observations were made on the surface water of Lake Bunyonyi for 1 year to determine the water quality. The basic 12 variables used to determine the quality of water were measured monthly at nine stations. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, electric conductivity (EC), pH and Secchi depth (SD) were measured in the field, while parameters like total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were determined following APHA 2017 standard guidelines for physicochemical analysis. Taking into account standard guidelines for drinking water by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) and the World Health Organization (WHO), the water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality. Temperature, DO, pH, turbidity and EC did not differ significantly among the study stations (p > 0.05) but showed significant temporal variations among the study months (p < 0.05). Likewise, TN, TP, NO2-N, NO3-N and SRP did not differ significantly among the study stations (p > 0.05) but showed significant temporal variations among the study months (p < 0.05). The WQI values ranged from 28.36 to 49 across and from 28.2 to 56.2 between study months with an overall mean value of 36.9. The measured water quality variables did not exceed the UNBS and WHO standards for drinking water in all months and at all stations. According to these values, the water quality of Lake Bunyonyi generally belongs to the ‘good’ class in terms of drinking water quality based on the WQI classification. The study findings are fundamentally important for policy makers in setting guidelines for effective lake management.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of Pattunuang River, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
I A Putri ◽  
F Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Nature Tourism

Abstract Pattunuang asue Nature Tourism Object is a primary destination at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Visitors of Pattunuang asue used the Pattunuang river to conduct their activities, such as swimming, bathing, river tubing, and also used the river water for drinking and cooking. However, using river water for these activities needs to fulfill standard water quality for tourism activities and drinking water. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of the Pattunuang river water. Data of physical parameters and conditions of river water were conducted using the survey method. We also collected water samples using the purposive sampling method. Furthermore, these samples were analyzed at the laboratory to measure other physical data such as total suspended solids (TSS) and total dispended solids (TDS), chemical, and microbiology. Data were analyzed following water quality parameters, compared to several regulations regarding water quality standards for tourism and drinking water. The results showed that the Pattunuang river water fulfills most of the standard of physical quality for tourism and drinking water, except TDS. However, some chemical parameters exceeded the threshold for tourism and drinking water. Microbiology parameters meet the standard requirements for several regulations but did not meet the requirements for water that can be drunk directly. Furthermore, this study discussed how to overcome this problem.

scholarly journals The Monitoring of selected sources in the administration of the Forests of Brno

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
Jana Marková ◽  
Petr Pelikán ◽  
Miloslav Šlezingr
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern District ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The article concerns the monitoring of selected sources (monitored a total of 10 springs, presented the results of 5 springs) administered by the Forests of the city of Brno in the northern district of Brno-county, describing their current state, including the evaluation of selected water quality parameters. The basis of the study was to measure basic water quality parameters (water temperature, pH, oxygen and measuring the rate of flow of water in springs) and sampling for laboratory analysis. The values obtained were tabulated and graphically evaluated and compared with values in accordance with Decree no. 252/2004 Coll., which lay down the hygienic requirements for drinking water. Based on the measured values charts and graphs were compiled, and the water quality of the individual strands were assessed. The overall condition of wells and their surroundings is described in detail and assessed.

scholarly journals Analisis kelimpahan E.coli dan bakteri Patogen sebagai indikator penurunan kualitas perairan pada budidaya keramba apung ikan patin desa Buluh Cina Kabupaten Kampar

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mumin Rifai ◽  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Sofyan Husein Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Average Value

The research on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and bacterial pathogens within catfish culture in Buluh Cina Village has been done in August 2015. This study aimed to analyze the quality  of the river water, the abundance of E.coli in the water stream and pathogenic bacteria in catfish and to correlate the quality of the water with an abundance of E. coli and the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria. The location of the study is three observation stations with sampling conducted by three replications. The water quality parameters under investigation were temperature, brightness, pH, DO, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Phosphate, TSS and BOD while the indicator for microbiological contamination  is done by testing the abundance  of E. coli in the river water as well as the pathogenic bacteria in catfish. The results  of water quality measurements and testing of E. coli indicate the water quality is still good  with the standard required under Regulation No 82/2001 except ammonia, phosphates, nitrites and E. coli. Ammonia has exceeded the threshold value with the  average  from 0.018 to 0.059 mg/L, the phosphate on the average value of 4,921 to 9,804 mg/L, nitrite  in the average value from 0.015 to 0.068 mg/L and the abundance of E. coli on the value of the average 4,200-5,500 cfu / 100 ml. While the results of testing on pathogenic bacteria found in catfish are Aeromonas sp, Pseudomonas sp, Pasteurella sp and  Edwardsiella sp. The highest prevalence of pathogenic bacteria obtained in Aeromonas sp is equal to 29.63%. In the statistical test toward  chemical parameters of water  measured affects  the abundance of E. coli by 94%. The most significant variable on the water quality parameters affecting the abundance of E. coli is the temperature, TSS, pH, and DO with a correlation coefficient 0.5.

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