Dithiothreitol and PEG Induced Combined Stress May Affect the Expressions of ABA Aldehyde Oxidase, Sucrose Synthase and Proline Metabolic Genes in Maize Seedlings

This study is undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9, were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15 d. Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG) in both genotypes. Individually, salinity and low P increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both genotypes, but combined stress decreased the activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities in both genotypes. However, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Conversely, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of the down-regulation of glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

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Differential expression of leaf proteome of tolerant and susceptible maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes in response to multiple abiotic stresses

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/bcb-2018-0338 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (5) ◽

pp. 581-588

Author(s):

Suphia Rafique

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays L ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Tropical Maize ◽

Combined Stress ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

The Given ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

In the present work, tropical maize genotypes were evaluated for multiple stresses (drought × low-N and waterlogging × low-N) applied simultaneously to 30-day-old maize seedlings. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to examine the protein changes induced by combined stress, in leaves, of tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Moreover, physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed to understand the physiological status of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under combined stress. The results show that up-regulated proteins of the tolerant genotype have a significant role in activating defense response, restoration of plant growth, and to maintain metabolic homeostasis under stressful conditions. Therefore, they contribute to improve and maintain the state of acclimation of the genotype under stress. Alternatively in the susceptible genotype, the up-regulated proteins are representative biomarkers of stress or are involved in the defense against pathogens and efforts to maintain energy metabolism. Thus, protecting the survival of the genotype under multiple stress conditions. We conclude that depending on the given stress treatment, tolerant and susceptible genotypes differed in stress-enduring approaches. Therefore, the study provides insight to comprehend the response of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under combined stress conditions, which could be valuable for further research and will demonstrate that it is advantageous to select combined stress-tolerant genotypes.

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Trehalose Protects Maize Plants from Salt Stress and Phosphorus Deficiency

10.20944/preprints201911.0358.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Motiar Rohman ◽

Md. Robyul Islam ◽

Mahmuda Binte Monsur ◽

M. Amiruzzaman ◽

Masayuki Fujita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Combined Stress ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize

This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9 were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15-d.Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas, low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, LOX activity and MG in both genotypes. Under salinity and low P stress, the SOD activity increased in both genotypes, but the activity decreased in combined stress. POD activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both CAT and GPX activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for APX, GR, and DHAR activities in both genotypes. However, MDHAR activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Increased GST activity in presence or absence of Tre might involve in detoxification of hydroperoxides as well as leaf senescence. On the other hand, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of down-regulation of Gly-I activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

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Altered Patterns of Sucrose Synthase Phosphorylation and Localization Precede Callose Induction and Root Tip Death in Anoxic Maize Seedlings

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.125.2.585 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 585-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Chalivendra C. Subbaiah ◽

Martin M. Sachs

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Root Tip ◽

Maize Seedlings

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Phosphorylation of sucrose synthase from maize seedlings.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.1997_4386 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 809-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S Lindblom ◽

P Ek ◽

G Muszyńska ◽

B Ek ◽

J Szczegielniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase C ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Dependent Protein Kinase ◽

Kinase C ◽

Endogenous Protein ◽

Dependent Protein ◽

Mammalian Protein

Two isoforms of sucrose synthase (SS1 and SS2) from maize (Zea mays, var. Mona) seedlings co-purified with a calcium and phospholipid dependent protein kinase. The enzymatic preparation obtained gave a positive reaction with the antibody against mammalian protein kinase C. Maize sucrose synthase was phosphorylated by the endogenous protein kinase. Also, mammalian protein kinases (protein kinase C and protein kinase A) were able to phosphorylate the 86 kDa subunit of sucrose synthase. When excised seedlings were fed [32P]orthophosphate, sucrose synthase was also phosphorylated. Microsequencing of in vivo labelled enzyme has shown phosphorylation of Ser-15 in SS2. The present work provides evidence that maize sucrose synthase is the physiological substrate of the endogenous calcium and phospholipid dependent protein kinase(s).

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Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation Affects Expression of Genes Involved in Biosynthesis and Turnover of 2-Phenylethylamine in Maize Seedlings

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s Botanica ◽

10.1515/abcsb-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 67-80

Author(s):

Hubert Sytykiewicz ◽

Marcin Horbowicz ◽

Wiesław Wiczkowski ◽

Danuta Koczkodaj ◽

Joanna Mitrus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Amine Oxidase ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Aldehyde Oxidase ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Primary Amine Oxidase ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Extended Exposure

Abstract The objective of the study was to assess the influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on accumulation of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), phenylacetic acid (PAA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE) in leaves and roots of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays, saccharata group, cv. Złota Karłowa) seedlings. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of eight genes (ADH1, ADH2, AO2, CAO, PDC1, PDC2, PTA and LOX, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2, primary amine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase 2, phenylalanine decarboxylase 1 and 2, phenylalanine (histidine) transaminase and lipoxygenase, respectively) involved in biosynthesis and turnover of PEA in maize tissues. In addition, the effect of MJ application on fresh biomass and growth of the tested seedlings was recorded. One-day MJ exposure increased the fresh weight of aerial parts and roots of Z. mays seedlings, whereas the opposite tendency occurred after 4-day of MJ treatment. One-day application of MJ resulted in an increase in the length of roots and its fluctuations in the aerial parts of maize plants, but extended exposure declined the growth of both parts of the seedlings. Methyl jasmonate elicitation caused various changes in the contents of PEA, PAA and PE in the maize seedlings. MJ treatments led to high upregulation of most genes, with the exception of three genes (i.e., ADH1, ADH2 and AO2) whose expression was downregulated after a 4-day exposure.

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