scholarly journals Trehalose Protects Maize Plants from Salt Stress and Phosphorus Deficiency

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Md. Motiar Rohman ◽  
Md. Robyul Islam ◽  
Mahmuda Binte Monsur ◽  
Mohammad Amiruzzaman ◽  
Masayuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

This study is undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9, were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15 d. Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG) in both genotypes. Individually, salinity and low P increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both genotypes, but combined stress decreased the activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities in both genotypes. However, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Conversely, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of the down-regulation of glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

scholarly journals Trehalose Protects Maize Plants from Salt Stress and Phosphorus Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Motiar Rohman ◽  
Md. Robyul Islam ◽  
Mahmuda Binte Monsur ◽  
M. Amiruzzaman ◽  
Masayuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9 were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15-d.Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas, low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, LOX activity and MG in both genotypes. Under salinity and low P stress, the SOD activity increased in both genotypes, but the activity decreased in combined stress. POD activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both CAT and GPX activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for APX, GR, and DHAR activities in both genotypes. However, MDHAR activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Increased GST activity in presence or absence of Tre might involve in detoxification of hydroperoxides as well as leaf senescence. On the other hand, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of down-regulation of Gly-I activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

scholarly journals Identification of Associations between SSR Markers and Quantitative Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kamila Nowosad ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have wide applicability for genetic analysis in crop plant improvement strategies. Marker-assisted selection is an important tool for plant breeders to increase the efficiency of a breeding process, especially for multigenic traits, highly influenced by the environment. In this paper, the relationships between SSR markers and 26 quantitative traits of hybrid maize varieties (Zea mays L.) were analyzed. Association analyses were performed based on 30 SSR primers in a set of thirteen hybrid maize varieties. A total of 112 SSR markers were detected in these genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 17, with the average number of alleles per locus equal to 3.7. The number of molecular markers associated with observed traits ranged from 1 (for the number of kernels in row, ears weight and fresh weight of one plant) to 14 (for damage of maize caused by P. nubilalis) in 2016 as well as from 1 (for soil plant analysis development—SPAD, the number of grains in ear and fresh weight of one plant) to 12 (for carotenoids content) in 2017. The sum of statistically significant associations between SSR markers and at least one trait was equal to one hundred sixty in 2016 as well as one hundred twenty-five in 2017. Marker trait associations (MTAs) were found on the basis of regression analysis. The proportion of the total phenotypic variances of individual traits explained by the marker ranged from 24.4% to 77.7% in the first year of study and from 24.3% to 77.9% in 2017. Twenty-two SSR markers performed a significant effect on at least one tested trait in both years of experiment. The three markers (phi021/4, phi036/3, and phi061/2) can be a good tool in marker-assisted selection because they allow simultaneous selection for multiple traits in both years of study, such as the number of kernels in row and the number of grains in ear (phi021/4), the number of plant after germination, the number of plants before harvest, and the number of ears (phi036/3), as well as moisture of grain and length of ears (phi061/2).

scholarly journals Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activities in riboflavin-deficient rats infected with Plasmodium berghei malaria

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Adelekan ◽  
D. I. Thurnham
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Parasite Protein ◽  
Riboflavin Deficient ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Deficient Group

Riboflavin deficiency interferes with the growth and multiplication of malaria parasites as well as the host response to malaria. The objective of the present work was to determine the effects of riboflavin deficiency on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (EC1.11.1.9; GPx) and superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1; SOD) in rats infected withPlasmodium bergheimalaria. Riboflavin in its co-enzyme form, FAD, is required by glutathione reductase (EC1.6.4.1) to regenerate GSH and GSH is an important cellular antioxidant both in its own right and also as a substrate for the enzyme GPx. Weanling rats were deprived of riboflavin for 8 weeks before intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106P. bergheiparasites. Control animals were weight-matched to the respective riboflavin-deficient group. At 10d post-infection, parasite counts were higher in the weight-matched control group than the riboflavin-deficient group (P= 0.004). GPx activity was higher in erythrocytes of rats parasitized withP. bergheithan comparable non-infected rats regardless of riboflavin status (P< 0.05). As mature erythrocytes do not synthesize new protein, the higher GPx activities were probably due to the presence of the parasite protein. In erythrocytes from riboflavin-deficient rats, GPx activity tended to be lower than in those rats fed on diets adequate in riboflavin (weight-matched controls) whether parasitized or not, but the difference was not significant. Neither riboflavin deficiency nor malaria had any effect on erythrocyte SOD activity. It was concluded that riboflavin deficiency has no marked effect on erythrocyte GPx or SOD activity in the rat.

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals Response Of Maize Varieties To Sowing Dates In Inner Terai Region, Dang, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Pukar Khanal ◽  
Rupak Karn ◽  
Pratibha Budhathoki Chhetri ◽  
Samita Karki ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Maize

AbstractSowing dates and varieties affect the productivity of maize. A field experiment was conducted to find out the response of maize hybrids to sowing dates on growth and productivity of maize in spring season at Lamahi, Dang in 2019. The experiment was laid out in two factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatment consisted of combination of three different sowing dates (February 1, February12 and February 23) and two maize varieties (Arun-2 i.e. OPV and hybrid Bioseed-9220).The result revealed that earlier planting on February 1 produced the highest yield (8265 Kg ha-1) which was significantly superior than latter planting of February 12(6099 kg ha-1)and February 23 (5934 kg ha-1).The higher yield in earlier planting was due to significantly higher no of kernel per ear, non-significant but higher number of cob per unit area, thousand grain weight. Similarly, Bioseed 9220 produced higher yield (7798 kg ha-1) compared to Arun-2 (5,734 kg ha-1). The higher yield of hybrid Bioseed 9220 was because of higher number of cob per unit area harvested and more number of kernel per cob. Therefore, earlier planting with hybrid maize is recommended in spring season of Dang and locations with similar climatic conditions for higher productivity of maize.

scholarly journals Investigating the Type of Gene Action Conditioning Tolerance to Aluminum (Al) Toxicity in Tropical Maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Victoria Ndeke ◽  
Langa Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Maize is a third important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice. In Zambia, it is an important staple crop. Its production is however hampered by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors, Aluminum (Al) toxicity causes high yield losses and is directly linked to acidic soils. Application of lime can ameliorate this problem, but it is expensive for small scale farmers. Developing maize varieties that are tolerant to Al toxicity is cheaper and feasible for small scale farmers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of gene action conditioning tolerance to aluminum toxicity in tropical maize.  Eleven inbred lines were mated in an 8 male (4 moderately tolerant and 4 susceptible) x 3 female (resistant) North Carolina Design II. Results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) effects due to both males and females were highly significant (P≤ 0.001) for root biomass. The shoot length GCA effects due to both male and female respectively were significant (P≤ 0.01). Similarly, the GCA effects due to females and males for root length were significant, P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.05 respectively. The genotype CML 511 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (1.40) for root length among the male lines while CML 538 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (0.92) among the female lines. The baker’s ratio for root length was found to be 0.49 implying that both additive and non-additive gene action were important in conditioning aluminum toxicity tolerance in tropical maize.

scholarly journals To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin E Therapy on the Oxidative Stress Markers (Nitric Oxide, SOD, Glutathione Peroxidase) & Vitamin E Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 2970-2975
Author(s):  
Rohit John Chaudhary ◽  
Bharti Kwatra Uppal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sod Activity

BACKGROUND Severe oxidative stress has been reported in TB patients because of infection associated with malnutrition and poor immunity. Mycobacteria can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by activating phagocytes, and enhanced ROS production may promote tissue injury and inflammation. We wanted to compare the effect of antioxidant administration in the outcome of ATT treatment between the test and the control group. METHODS This perspective study was conducted in the Departments of Biochemistry and Chest Medicine, CMC & Hospital. Hundred patients (fifty controls and fifty tests) who were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis and started on DOT therapy under RNTCP during this period were included in the study. Each participant in the study was subjected to the following test at the first visit, 2nd month and 6th month follow up (biochemical markers Nitric oxide, SOD, Glutathione Peroxidase and Vitamin E levels). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version. RESULTS The results were based on four categories (male / female, alcoholic / non-alcoholic, smoker / non-smoker, and younger / older age group). Females had responded better with greater fall in percentage of nitric oxide values (69 %) than males (64.1 %). The mean of SOD activity (277.5 + / - 31.5) was more in smokers than non-smokers (261.3 + / - 36.0) & percentage fall of nitric oxide in smokers (65 %) & non-smokers (67 %). In alcoholics the percentage fall of nitric oxide (68.3 %) was higher with more SOD activity (Mean 278.7 + / - 27.6) than non-alcoholics (Mean 256 + / - 38.0) indicating a positive correlation of smoking & alcoholism with tuberculosis. Younger age group responded better with more fall in the percentage of nitric oxide (67 %) & mean SOD activity (265.8 + / - 30.1) than older age group. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant supplementation reduces oxidative stress, improves the effectiveness of ATT therapy, and thus helps in improving the outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis. KEY WORDS Pulmonary TB, ATT (Anti-Tubercular Treatment), Antioxidants & Free Radicals

scholarly journals Landrace Maize Varieties Used as Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil with 2,4-D + Picloram

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Adriano Maltezo da Rocha ◽  
Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽  
Paulo Cesar Laurindo Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽  
Aureane Cristina Teixeira Ferreira Cândido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Maize Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Residue ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The use of herbicides such as 2,4-D + picloram in livestock areas can contaminate and hinder the use of the production system for subsequent crops of other crops. The objective of the research was to evaluate the ability of landrace maize varieties to reduce contamination of soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram, simulating existing conditions in the Amazon Biome. The experiment consisted of 6 phytoremediation treatments (4 landrace maize varieties, 1 hybrid maize cultivar and 1 control without cultivation), 2 herbicide conditions (with and without) and 3 evaluation periods (28, 56 and 84 days). The soil was contaminated and the maize was subsequently cultivated under the herbicide conditions mentioned above. After each evaluation period, soil samples were collected, which were used to mount bioassays by growing cucumber (plants sensitive to the herbicide). Emergence, aerial dry mass and root dry mass were evaluated. All variables were affected by the herbicide residue. However, the reduction in herbicide persistence in each evaluation period was notable, resulting in the normal reestablishment of bioindicator seedlings, especially in the last evaluation at 84 days. The samples obtained in the soil cultivated with the varieties CR purple and CR white showed the best conditions for the development of cucumber, demonstrating the potential to be studied in phytoremediation programs.

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