scholarly journals Deep Convolutional Neural Network Based Extreme Learning Machine Image Classification

Author(s):  
G. D. Praveenkumar ◽  
Dr. R. Nagaraj

In this paper, we introduce a new deep convolutional neural network based extreme learning machine model for the classification task in order to improve the network's performance. The proposed model has two stages: first, the input images are fed into a convolutional neural network layer to extract deep-learned attributes, and then the input is classified using an ELM classifier. The proposed model achieves good recognition accuracy while reducing computational time on both the MNIST and CIFAR-10 benchmark datasets.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1235
Author(s):  
Derya Avci ◽  
Eser Sert

Marble is one of the most popular decorative elements. Marble quality varies depending on its vein patterns and color, which are the two most important factors affecting marble quality and class. The manual classification of marbles is likely to lead to various mistakes due to different optical illusions. However, computer vision minimizes these mistakes thanks to artificial intelligence and machine learning. The present study proposes the Convolutional Neural Network- (CNN-) with genetic algorithm- (GA) Wavelet Kernel- (WK-) Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) (CNN–GA-WK-ELM) approach. Using CNN architectures such as AlexNet, VGG-19, SqueezeNet, and ResNet-50, the proposed approach obtained 4 different feature vectors from 10 different marble images. Later, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to optimize adjustable parameters, i.e. k, 1, and m, and hidden layer neuron number in Wavelet Kernel (WK) – Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and to increase the performance of ELM. Finally, 4 different feature vector parameters were optimized and classified using the WK-ELM classifier. The proposed CNN–GA-WK-ELM yielded an accuracy rate of 98.20%, 96.40%, 96.20%, and 95.60% using AlexNet, SequeezeNet, VGG-19, and ResNet-50, respectively.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Tariq Ali ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Ahmad Shaf ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Azam ◽  
...  

Natural disasters not only disturb the human ecological system but also destroy the properties and critical infrastructures of human societies and even lead to permanent change in the ecosystem. Disaster can be caused by naturally occurring events such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, and wildfires. Many deep learning techniques have been applied by various researchers to detect and classify natural disasters to overcome losses in ecosystems, but detection of natural disasters still faces issues due to the complex and imbalanced structures of images. To tackle this problem, we propose a multilayered deep convolutional neural network. The proposed model works in two blocks: Block-I convolutional neural network (B-I CNN), for detection and occurrence of disasters, and Block-II convolutional neural network (B-II CNN), for classification of natural disaster intensity types with different filters and parameters. The model is tested on 4428 natural images and performance is calculated and expressed as different statistical values: sensitivity (SE), 97.54%; specificity (SP), 98.22%; accuracy rate (AR), 99.92%; precision (PRE), 97.79%; and F1-score (F1), 97.97%. The overall accuracy for the whole model is 99.92%, which is competitive and comparable with state-of-the-art algorithms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qiang Cai ◽  
Fenghai Li ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Haisheng Li ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
...  

Along with the strong representation of the convolutional neural network (CNN), image classification tasks have achieved considerable progress. However, majority of works focus on designing complicated and redundant architectures for extracting informative features to improve classification performance. In this study, we concentrate on rectifying the incomplete outputs of CNN. To be concrete, we propose an innovative image classification method based on Label Rectification Learning (LRL) through kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). It mainly consists of two steps: (1) preclassification, extracting incomplete labels through a pretrained CNN, and (2) label rectification, rectifying the generated incomplete labels by the KELM to obtain the rectified labels. Experiments conducted on publicly available datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Notably, our method is extensible which can be easily integrated with off-the-shelf networks for improving performance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635
Author(s):  
Anandhakrishnan T ◽  
Jaisakthi S.M Murugaiyan

In this paper, we proposed a plant leaf disease identification model based on a Pretrained deep convolutional neural network (Deep CNN). The Deep CNN model is trained using an open dataset with 10 different classes of tomato leaves We observed that overall architectures which can increase the best performance of the model. The proposed model was trained using different training epochs, batch sizes and dropouts. The Xception has attained maximum accuracy compare with all other approaches. After an extensive simulation, the proposed model achieves classification accuracy better. This accuracy of the proposed work is greater than the accuracy of all other Pretrained approaches. The proposed model is also tested with respect to its consistency and reliability. The set of data used for this work was collected from the plant village dataset, including sick and healthy images. Models for detection of plant disease should predict the disease quickly and accurately in the early stage itself so that a proper precautionary measures can be applied to avoid further spread of the diseases. So, to reduce the main issue about the leaf diseases, we can analyze distinct kinds of deep neural network architectures in this research. From the outcomes, Xception has a constantly improving more to enhance the accuracy by increasing the number of epochs, without any indications of overfitting and decreasein quality. And Xception also generated a fine 99.45% precision in less computing time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Budi Nugroho ◽  
Eva Yulia Puspaningrum

<p class="Abstrak">Saat ini banyak dikembangkan proses pendeteksian pneumonia berdasarkan citra paru-paru dari hasil foto rontgen (x-ray), sebagaimana juga dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah <em>Convolutional Neural Network</em> (CNN) dengan arsitektur yang berbeda dengan sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memodifikasi model CNN dimana metode <em>Extreme Learning Machine</em> (ELM) digunakan pada bagian klasifikasi, yang kemudian disebut CNN-ELM. Dataset untuk uji coba menggunakan kumpulan citra paru-paru hasil foto rontgen pada Kaggle yang terdiri atas 1.583 citra normal dan 4.237 citra pneumonia. Citra asal pada dataset kaggle ini bervariasi, tetapi hampir semua diatas ukuran 1000x1000 piksel. Ukuran citra yang besar ini dapat membuat pemrosesan klasifikasi kurang efektif, sehingga mesin CNN biasanya memodifikasi ukuran citra menjadi lebih kecil. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi ukuran citra input, untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja mesin pengklasifikasi. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa ukuran citra input berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi yang menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Pada ukuran citra input 200x200, metode CNN dan CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja paling tinggi. Jika kinerja kedua metode itu dibandingkan, maka Metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada CNN pada semua skenario uji coba. Pada kondisi kinerja paling tinggi, selisih akurasi antara metode CNN-ELM dan CNN mencapai 8,81% dan selisih F1 Score mencapai 0,0729. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi penting bahwa ukuran citra input memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Selain itu, pada semua ukuran citra input yang digunakan untuk proses klasifikasi, metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada metode CNN.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>This research developed a pneumonia detection machine based on the lungs' images from X-rays (x-rays). The method used is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a different architecture from some previous research. Also, the CNN model is modified, where the classification process uses the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which is then called the CNN-ELM method. The empirical experiments dataset used a collection of lung x-ray images on Kaggle consisting of 1,583 normal images and 4,237 pneumonia images. The original image's size on the Kaggle dataset varies, but almost all of the images are more than 1000x1000 pixels. For classification processing to be more effective, CNN machines usually use reduced-size images. In this research, experiments were carried out with various input image sizes to determine the effect on the classifier's performance. The experimental results show that the input images' size has a significant effect on the classification performance of pneumonia, both the CNN and CNN-ELM classification methods. At the 200x200 input image size, the CNN and CNN-ELM methods showed the highest performance. If the two methods' performance is compared, then the CNN-ELM Method shows better performance than CNN in all test scenarios. The difference in accuracy between the CNN-ELM and CNN methods reaches 8.81% at the highest performance conditions, and the difference in F1-Score reaches 0.0729. This research provides important information that the size of the input image has a major influence on the classification performance of pneumonia, both classification using the CNN and CNN-ELM methods. Also, on all input image sizes used for the classification process, the CNN-ELM method shows better performance than the CNN method.</em></p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 106230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufeng Huang ◽  
Qiang Lei ◽  
Tingli Xie ◽  
Yahui Zhang ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Li ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
Lingchao Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Sun ◽  
Xi Zhao

The morphology of wear particles reflects the complex properties of wear processes involved in particle formation. Typically, the morphology of wear particles is evaluated qualitatively based on microscopy observations. This procedure relies upon the experts’ knowledge and, thus, is not always objective and cheap. With the rapid development of computer image processing technology, neural network based on traditional gradient training algorithm can be used to recognize them. However, the feedforward neural network based on traditional gradient training algorithms for image segmentation creates many issues, such as needing multiple iterations to converge and easy fall into local minimum, which restrict its development heavily. Recently, extreme learning machine (ELM) for single-hidden-layer feedforward neural networks (SLFN) has been attracting attentions for its faster learning speed and better generalization performance than those of traditional gradient-based learning algorithms. In this paper, we propose to employ ELM for ferrography wear particles image recognition. We extract the shape features, color features, and texture features of five typical kinds of wear particles as the input of the ELM classifier and set five types of wear particles as the output of the ELM classifier. Therefore, the novel ferrography wear particle classifier is founded based on ELM.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Lu ◽  
Shuaiqi Liu ◽  
Shui-Hua Wang ◽  
Yu-Dong Zhang

Aim: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small round dots distributed over the brain which contribute to stroke, dementia, and death. The early diagnosis is significant for the treatment.Method: In this paper, a new CMB detection approach was put forward for brain magnetic resonance images. We leveraged a sliding window to obtain training and testing samples from input brain images. Then, a 13-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) was designed and trained. Finally, we proposed to utilize an extreme learning machine (ELM) to substitute the last several layers in the CNN for detection. We carried out an experiment to decide the optimal number of layers to be substituted. The parameters in ELM were optimized by a heuristic algorithm named bat algorithm. The evaluation of our approach was based on hold-out validation, and the final predictions were generated by averaging the performance of five runs.Results: Through the experiments, we found replacing the last five layers with ELM can get the optimal results.Conclusion: We offered a comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms, and it can be revealed that our method was accurate in CMB detection.


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