scholarly journals Design and Application of a New Artificial Intelligence Screening Program for Scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichen Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flexion Test ◽  
Scoliosis Screening ◽  
Spinal Flexion

Objective — Intelligent Scoliosis screening Application (ISSAPP) is an intelligent scoliosis screening application based on back photos, which is used to determine the effectiveness and reliability of the new tool and reduce the cost of screening by comparing it with traditional physical examination. Method — To design and upgrade the measurement procedures for back photographs during physical examination, including the measurement of bilateral shoulder apex line and horizon plus angle, and the measurement of the angle between the thoracic apex line and horizon during Adams' spinal flexion experiment so as to determine the validity and reliability of measurement program tools. Results — The first and second versions of the designed AI measurement program were more sensitive than the traditional physical examination, Adams spinal flexion test, and lateral flexion instrument. The majority of patients who were tested positive using the measurement procedure tool met the requirements for diagnosis of scoliosis. Conclusions — This new AI based measurement and screening tool can be used for early detection of shoulder and thoracic malformation caused by scoliosis, which is a simple, convenient and sensitive early screening tool. Based on this development idea, an upgraded version can be further developed for early screening of scoliosis.

Validity and reliability of a nutrition screening tool in hospitalized patients

Nutrition ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi ◽  
Homeira Hamayeli Mehrabani ◽  
Foorough Kavian ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Nutrition Screening Tool

scholarly journals Proposing a new stroke-specific screening tool for depression: Examination of construct validity and reliability

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akin Ojagbemi ◽  
Mayowa Owolabi ◽  
Joshua Akinyemi ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Validity And Reliability

Evaluation of the Use of a Diabetes Risk Test to Identify Prediabetes in an Employee Wellness Screening

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002199701
Author(s):  
Eileen D. Ward ◽  
Whitney A. Hopkins ◽  
Kayce Shealy
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Employee Wellness ◽  
History Of

Background: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Risk Test (DRT) is a screening tool to identify people at risk for developing diabetes. Individuals with a DRT score of 5 or higher may have prediabetes or diabetes and should see a healthcare provider. Objective: To determine how many additional employees are identified as being at risk for developing diabetes during an employee wellness screening by using a more stringent DRT cutoff score of 4 instead of 5. Methods: During an annual employee wellness screening event, a hemoglobin A1C (A1c) was drawn for participants with a DRT score of > 4 or by request regardless of risk score. A1C values were classified as normal (<5.7%), prediabetes (>5.7 and <6.5%) or diabetes (>6.5%). Risk scores and A1C values were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Cost of additional laboratory testing was also reviewed. Results: An A1C was collected for 158 participants. Fourteen of 50 (28%) participants with a DRT of 4 had A1c values in the prediabetes range and no history of diabetes or prediabetes. Using the lower DRT score of 4 resulted in an additional expenditure of $305 with $85.40 resulting in the identification of an otherwise unaware person at risk for developing diabetes. Conclusion: Using a DRT cutoff score of 4 as part of an employee wellness screening program resulted in additional laboratory costs to identify persons at risk for developing diabetes but also allowed for earlier education to slow or stop the progression to diabetes which may reduce healthcare costs over time.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Kulasingam ◽  
Luke Connelly ◽  
Elizabeth Conway ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
Evan Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Current Screening

Background: The cost-effectiveness of adding a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program compared to screening alone was examined. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates screening and vaccination was developed. A vaccine that prevents 100% of HPV 16/18-associated disease, with a lifetime duration of efficacy and 80% coverage offered through a school program to girls aged 12 years, in conjunction with current screening was compared with screening alone using cost (in Australian dollars) per life-year (LY) saved and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. Sensitivity analyses included determining the cost-effectiveness of offering a catch-up vaccination program to 14–26-year-olds and accounting for the benefits of herd immunity. Results: Vaccination with screening compared with screening alone was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $51 103 per LY and $18 735 per QALY, assuming a cost per vaccine dose of $115. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the duration of vaccine efficacy, including the need for a booster ($68 158 per LY and $24 988 per QALY) to produce lifetime immunity. Accounting for herd immunity resulted in a more attractive ICER ($36 343 per LY and $13 316 per QALY) for girls only. The cost per LY of vaccinating boys and girls was $92 052 and the cost per QALY was $33 644. The cost per LY of implementing a catch-up vaccination program ranged from $45 652 ($16 727 per QALY) for extending vaccination to 14-year-olds to $78 702 ($34 536 per QALY) for 26-year-olds. Conclusions: These results suggest that adding an HPV vaccine to Australia’s current screening regimen is a potentially cost-effective way to reduce cervical cancer and the clinical interventions that are currently associated with its prevention via screening alone.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Non-Mydriatic Ultrawide- Field Fundus Photography versus Pharmacological Pupil Dilatation in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-824
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Retinopathy Screening

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes blindness of the population in many countries worldwide. Early detection and treatment of this disease via a DR screening program is the best way to secure the vision. An annual screening program using pharmacological pupil dilatation becomes the standard method. Recently, non-mydriatic ultrawide-field fundus photography (UWF) has been proposed as a choice for DR screening. However, there was no cost-effectiveness study between the standard DR screening and this UWF approach. Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness between UWF and pharmacological pupil dilatation in terms of hospital and societal perspectives. Materials and Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that visited the ophthalmology clinic at Chulabhorn Hospital for DR screening were randomized using simple randomization method. The patients were interviewed by a trained interviewer for general and economic information. The clinical characteristics of DR and staging were recorded. Direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and informal care costs due to DR screening were recorded. Cost analyses were calculated for the hospital and societal perspectives. Results: The present study presented the cost-effectiveness analyses of UWF versus pharmacological pupil dilatation. Cost-effectiveness analysis from the hospital perspective showed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of UWF to be –13.87. UWF was a cost-effective mean in DR screening in the societal perspective when compared with pharmacologically pupil dilatation with the ICER of 76.46, under the threshold of willingness to pay. Conclusion: The UWF was a cost-effective mean in DR screening. It can reduce screening duration and bypass post-screening blurred vision. The results suggested that UWF could be a viable option for DR screening. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic retinopathy screening, Non-mydriatic ultrawide-field fundus photography, Cost-effectiveness analysis

Referral patterns and patient characteristics at the first visit to a scoliosis center: a 2-year experience in South Korea without a school scoliosis-screening program

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Nam Ik Cho ◽  
Chang Ju Hwang ◽  
Ho Yeon Kim ◽  
Jong-Min Baik ◽  
Youn Suk Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Referral Rate ◽  
Referral Patterns ◽  
School Screening ◽  
Late Referral ◽  
Scoliosis Screening

OBJECTIVEThe need for scoliosis screening remains controversial. Nationwide school screening for scoliosis has not been performed in South Korea, and there are few studies on the referral patterns of patients suspected of having scoliosis. This study aimed to examine the referral patterns to the largest scoliosis center in South Korea in the absence of a school screening program and to analyze the factors that influence the appropriateness of referral.METHODSThe medical records of patients who visited a single scoliosis center for a spinal deformity evaluation were reviewed. Among 1895 new patients who visited this scoliosis center between April 2014 and March 2016, 1211 with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to the referral method: non–health care provider, primary physician, hospital specialist, or school screening program. The appropriateness of referral was labeled as inappropriate, late, or appropriate. In total, 213 of 1211 patients were excluded because they had received treatment at another medical facility; 998 patients were evaluated to determine the appropriateness of referral.RESULTSOf the 998 referrals of new patients with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 162 (16.2%) were classified as an inappropriate referral, 272 (27.3%) were classified as a late referral, and 564 (56.5%) were classified as an appropriate referral. Age, sex, Cobb angle of the major curve, and skeletal maturity were identified as statistically significant factors that correlated with the appropriateness of referral. The referral method did not correlate with the appropriateness of referral.CONCLUSIONSUnder the current health care system in South Korea, a substantial number of patients with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are referred either late or inappropriately to a tertiary medical center. Although patients referred by school screening programs had a significantly lower late referral rate and higher appropriate referral rate than the other 3 groups, the referral method was not a significant factor in terms of the appropriateness of referral.

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