The Effect of Hydroelectricity Consumption on Environmental Degradation – The Case of South America region

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Koengkan ◽  
Luciano Dias Losekann ◽  
José Alberto Fuinhas ◽  
António Cardoso Marques
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the impact of hydroelectricity consumption on environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) in seven South American countries, in a period from 1966 to 2015. The Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM) form of the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) was utilized. The initial tests prove the presence of heteroskedasticity, cross sectional independence, and first-order autocorrelation. The results show that the consumption of hydroelectricity causes a reduction of -0.0465 in environmental degradation in the short run, and increase 0.0593 in the long-run. This empirical evidence could encourage the creation of new policies, which introduce new energy technologies that release zero carbon in the energy matrix.

Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caner Demir ◽  
Raif Cergibozan ◽  
Adem Gök
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of income inequality on environmental quality in Turkey within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework. In order to observe the short-run and long-run effects of income inequality on environmental quality, an autoregressive distributed lag bounds test on CO2 emission has been employed for the period 1963–2011 of Turkey. The results of the analysis reveal that there is a negative association between CO2 emission level and income inequality, which implies that increasing income inequality reduces environmental degradation in Turkey. Hence, a greater inequality in the society leads to less aggregate consumption in the economy due to lower propensity to emit in the richer households resulting in better environmental quality. The findings confirm an argument in the existing literature, which suggests that for developing countries, until a certain level of development, environmental degradation increases as income inequality in the society decreases. The results also confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis.

scholarly journals Examining the impact of Exports and Exchange rate on Economic Growth of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Muhammad ◽  
Malik Shahzad Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study intends to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships along with the identification of causal links between exports, economic growth, and exchange rate in Turkey. Data/Design: This study uses auto-regressive distributed lags (ARDL) and Granger causality over time series monthly data from the year 2010–2018. The results indicate that exports are significantly positively related to economic growth while the exchange rate is found to be negatively related to economic growth. Findings: Moreover, findings from the test of Granger causality indicate that a unidirectional causal association is found from exports to foreign direct investment and economic growth and from economic growth to foreign direct investment. The Granger causality results indicate that an increase in exports accelerates the economic growth of Turkey and a change in growth rate and exchange rate leads to a change in foreign direct investment. Originality of work: The overall findings suggest that exports should be promoted along with the liberal-investment economic policies to boost the overall economic growth in Turkey.

Does Nominal Devaluation Improve Income Distribution? Evidence from Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to investigate the impact of nominal devaluation on income distribution in Bangladesh both in short and long runs. In doing so, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing has been employed for cointegration, and Error Correction Model (ECM) has been used for short-run dynamics. The empirical psychology has confirmed the existence of long-run relationship between the variables. Furthermore our estimated results reveal that nominal devaluation tends to decrease income inequality. Though economic growth appears to improve income distribution, non-linear link between both the variables, however, depicts Kuznets’ inverted-U curve (1955). Financial development causes further deterioration in income distribution. Trade openness contributes to income inequality as discussed in Leontief Paradox.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, TRADE, AND URBANIZATION ON CO2 EMISSIONS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM KYOTO ANNEX COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Imran Nazir ◽  
Shujahat Haider Hashmi ◽  
Zeeshan Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Financial Reforms ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to empirically investigate the impact of financial development, income, trade openness, and urbanization on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for the 21 Kyoto Annex countries using a balance panel data and GMM system over the period of 1970-2016. The results show a positive relationship between income and CO2 emissions in long-run. All models support the EKC hypothesis which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship among income and environmental degradation. Financial development has a long-run negative influence on CO2 emissions, indicating that financial development reduces the environmental degradation. This means that financial development can be used as an implement to keep the degradation environmental clean by presenting financial reforms. The urbanization declines the CO2 emissions; however, it is essential for the policymakers and urban planners in these countries to control the rapid increase in urbanization. The panel causality confirms that bi-directional causal relationship between financial development, CO2 emissions, income, trade openness, and Urbanization in short-run.

Globalisation, Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
NWOSA Philip Ifeakachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Globalisation

This article examines the link between globalisation, economic growth and income inequality in Nigeria using annual secondary data over the period 1981–2018. Specifically, it attempts to examine the following questions: (a) What is the direction of causation among globalisation, economic growth and inequality? (b) What is the impact of globalisation and economic growth on inequality? (iii) Do trade globalisation and financial globalisation have differential impacts on inequality in Nigeria? The article used both vector error correction modelling (VECM) and auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) techniques. The VECM results show a unidirectional causality from inequality and globalisation to economic growth in the long run, whereas a unidirectional causation was observed from inequality to economic growth in the short run. The ARDL estimate shows that globalisation and economic growth are significant determinants of inequality in Nigeria. Furthermore, it is observed that trade and financial globalisation influenced income inequality differently. In the light of these findings, the article recommends that the foreign direct investment should be channelled towards empowering the poor, and the dividends of economic growth should be evenly distributed to reduce the income inequality gap.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Impact of Energy, Export Variety, and FDI on Environmental Degradation in the Context of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case Study of India

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijjani Adamu ◽  
Ihtisham Haq ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Export Variety ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The economic size of the Indian economy and its status as one of the major global emitters of carbon emissions makes the country a good place to study the determinants of environmental degradation in India. The study aims at analyzing the impact of energy, export variety, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation in India in the context of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The long run relationship was found between variables of the study through a cointegration test, whereas long run estimates were obtained through cointegration and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). Results of the study reveal that energy consumption, export variety, FDI, and income positively contributed to environmental degradation in India. Results also unveil that the EKC hypothesis does not exist in India. Causality analyses document unidirectional causality from income and FDI to environmental degradation, and bidirectional causality was witnessed between energy consumption and environmental degradation and between export variety and environmental degradation in the long run. The long run and the short run causality highlight that India has to forego the short run economic growth in order to improve its environmental quality and reduce global carbon emissions; however, it will not affect its long term economic development process.

scholarly journals The Impact of Inflation on Financial Sector Development: Evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Afangideh U. J. ◽  
Garbobiya T. S. ◽  
Umar F. B. ◽  
Usman N.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the Impact of inflation on financial sector development in Nigeria using quarterly data from 2002-2017. Financial sector development is proxied using money supply as a share of GDP (M2/GDP).The Auto-Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL) model is employed to carry out the estimation given the weakness of the Engle-Granger residual-based cointegration technique to test the long-run and short-run effects of the impacts of inflation on financial sector development. The results of the estimation reveal that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between inflation and financial sector development in Nigeria. There is need to test for threshold effects of inflation on financial development in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impact of Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Fiscal Policy Uncertainty on CO2 Emissions in the Us

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Anser ◽  
Qasim Syed ◽  
Noreen Khalid ◽  
Jamshid Ali Turi ◽  
Juned Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nowadays, environmental degradation is perceived as one of the serious concerns across the globe. One of the prime reasons behind environmental degradation is CO2 emissions. Therefore, researchers are actively putting their efforts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions to mitigate CO2 emissions. On this basis, the present study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the impact of monetary policy uncertainty (MPU) and fiscal policy uncertainty (FPU) on CO2 emissions (environmental degradation). The current study employs ARDL methodology and uses annual data ranging from 1985 to 2019 for US. The results from the ARDL model report that there is an existence of long-run relationship among the variables. Moreover, MPU escalates the carbon emissions in both short-run and long-run. This implies that increase in MPU is responsible for rise in environmental degradation. On the contrary, FPU plunges the carbon emissions in both short- and long-run. This indicates that increase in FPU decreases the environmental degradation. Findings from the current study propose that policy makers should introduce reforms and launch policies to shrink MPU. Next, this study proposes that rule should be adopted as monetary policy making framework in lieu of discretion. Furthermore, the current study recommends that FPU should not be utilized as a tool to mitigate environmental degradation, because FPU has severe economic impacts.

scholarly journals Capital Flight and Domestic Investment in Nigeria: Evidence From ARDL Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Lionel Effiom ◽  
Alfa Charles Achu ◽  
Samuel Etim Edet
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact

Capital flight is a challenge for many developing countries of the world. The problem is more severe in a nation like Nigeria where domestic investment has been terribly affected. This study undertakes an empirical investigation of the impact of capital flight on domestic investment in Nigeria between 1980 and 2017. Deploying the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) econometric methodology, the study finds that capital flight has negative and significant impact on domestic investment. In particular, the long run impact of capital flight on domestic investment (0.57) turns out to be more severe than its impact in the short run (0.27), implying that a continuous and persistent build-up of capital flight exerts a negative cumulative effect on domestic investment over time. The study further reveals that the quality of institutions in Nigeria is a disincentive to domestic investment. It therefore recommends the strengthening of institutions to rein in on the illegal outflow of capital from the Nigerian economy in order to guarantee the availability of investible funds. The real sector of the local economy must be grown to bolster the value of the naira. This will stem the tide of capital flight and attract investments into critical sectors.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Land Use on Reducing Personal Vehicle Miles of Travel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2500 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Miles Of Travel

While voluminous empirical studies have examined the impact of land use on travel behavior, few have relied on longitudinal data and an analytical approach. With data from two activity travel surveys (1997 and 2006) conducted in Austin, Texas, this paper develops a longitudinal multilevel model for estimating the change in the effect of land use on vehicle miles of travel (VMT) over time and the long-range land use effect on VMT reduction. Results suggest that the influences of land use mixture and street density on VMT would vary between 2 years. The effects of VMT reduction on land use policies by raising population and street densities are salient in the short run but insignificant in the long run, whereas those of mixed-use policies are even larger in the long run. These findings validate the importance of longitudinal data and analysis in land use–travel studies and suggest that the short-run elasticity of land use derived from cross-sectional analyses may be inappropriate for assessing the long-run effect of land use–based mobility strategies for reducing VMT.

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