scholarly journals SISTEM MONETER DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

ALQALAM ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
ZAINI IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
National Income ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
The Interest Rate

In many economic literatures, economy is divided into two sectors, real sector which covers seroice market and goods market, and monetary sector which consists of money market and equity market. In a part of economic system, monetary that runs in a country will affect the economic rate. Monetary economy can be applied in a polity, called monetary policy. In a conventional discussion, a monetary policy is run in order to reach the increase of national income, to stabilize market price, and to control the inflation rate. To get the goal of that macro-economy, the interest rate is used, in which it becomes the weakness of conventional monetary system. The use of interest rate, furthermore, has caused the economic crisis, indeed global financial crisis. In term of new economic system needs, Islamic monetary system riflers a solution to overcome financial crisis. The riffered system is asset based transaction, free of interest, avoidance of transactions containing speculation (maisir) and uncertainty (gharar). Moreover, it also uses stable curencies, i.e. dinar and dirham. Keyword: Monetary system, interest rate, fiat monry, dinar, dirham.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Approach of the Czech National Bank and the European Central Bank to the Effects of the Global Financial Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-46
Author(s):  
Andrea Cecrdlova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
European Central ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The latest global crisis, which fully erupted in 2008, can have a significant impact on central banks credibility in the long run. During the last crisis, monetary authorities encountered zero interest rate levels and, as a result, started to use non-standard monetary policy instruments. The Czech National Bank decided to use a less standard instrument in November 2013, when it started to intervene on the foreign exchange market in order to keep the Czech currency at level 27 CZK / EUR. However, the European Central Bank also adopted a non-standard instrument, when chose a path of quantitative easing in 2015 in order to support the euro area economy by purchasing financial assets. The question remains whether the approach of Czech National Bank or the approach of European Central Bank in the crisis and post-crisis period was a more appropriate alternative. With the passage of time from the global financial crisis, it is already possible to compare the approaches of these two central banks and at least partially assess what approach was more appropriate under the given conditions. When comparing the central banks approaches to the crisis, the Czech National Bank was better, both in terms of the rate of interest rate cuts and the resulting inflation with regard to the choice of a non-standard monetary policy instrument. The recent financial crisis has revealed the application of moral hazard in practice, both on behalf of the European Central Bank and the Czech National Bank, which may have a significant impact on their credibility and independence in the coming years.

scholarly journals Banks' Stability: The effect of Monetary Policies in the light of Global Financial Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Wael Bakhit ◽  
Salma Bakhit
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Break ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

<p><em>This paper employs a quarterly time series to determine the timing of structural breaks for interest rates in USA over the last 60 years. <strong>The Chow test</strong> is used for investigating the non-stationary, where the date of the potential break is assumed to be known. Moreover, we empirically examined the deviation from an assumed interest rate as given in a standard Taylor rule and consequences on financial sectors. The empirical analysis is strengthened by analysing the rule from a historical perspective and look at the effect of setting the interest rate by the central bank on financial imbalances. The empirical evidence indicates that deviation in monetary policy has a potential causal factor in the build up of financial imbalances and the subsequent crisis where macro prudential intervention could have beneficial effect. Thus, our findings tend to support the view, which states that the probable existence of central banks has been one source of global financial crisis since the past decade.</em></p>

scholarly journals Non-Standard Measures of the Monetary Policy – Mechanism for Overcoming Problems in the Implementation of the Neoliberal Concept of Monetary Policy During a Financial Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-480
Author(s):  
Andriana Milošević ◽  
Mirjana Jemović
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Liquidity Provision

AbstractAfter multiple decreases in the reference interest rate and its reaching zero bounds in certain countries during the recent global financial crisis, central banks in developed countries have started applying non-standard measures of monetary policy. This does not refer to introducing new monetary policy instruments, but rather to a certain relativisation within the framework of standard instruments, in terms of maturity of liquidity provision, collateral policy and counterparties. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the role of non-standard measures of monetary policy as a mechanism for overcoming problems in the implementation of the neoliberal concept of monetary policy in the conditions of the financial crisis. The answer to this question is rather sensitive, considering the fact that the neoliberal concept was supported by the most developed countries, that is, in fact, their central banks were using non-standard instruments of monetary policy for the greatest part.

scholarly journals The consequences of unconventional monetary policy in euro area in times of monetary easing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pažický
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
Robustness Check ◽  
Multiple Robustness

Research background: In this research paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the impacts of ECB’s unconventional monetary policy which has been applied after Global Financial Crisis. Because of the new economic and monetary conditions, the effectiveness of conventional monetary tools has been questioned. Purpose of the article: Designed models examine the consequences of unconventional monetary policy for macroeconomic variables, monetary variables and interest rates in the euro area. Particular attention is paid to the response of the price level, represented by HICP, to various monetary policy innovations. Except a shock in credit multiplier and asset purchase programme (APP), also the effectiveness of a conventional monetary tool, such as main refinancing operation (MRO) interest rate, is inspected. Methods: Use has been made of impulse responses from structural VAR models to analyze a large sample that covers the time horizon of 1999 to 2016. Several econometric tests are performed to provide a profound analysis. The conclusions from baseline models are verified in multiple robustness check models, which are specified under alternative conditions. Findings & Value added: It has been found that, in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, conventional monetary instruments are effective in the short-run. In the long-run, unconventional monetary policy has a greater potential to stabilize the economy than the traditional interest rate transmission channel. The conclusions from the baseline models are verified in multiple robustness check models, which are specified under alternative conditions.

scholarly journals Can Monetary Policy Prevent Financial Crises?

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Dr. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Federal Funds Rate ◽  
Federal Funds Market ◽  
New Instruments

Monetary policy is an important public policy, but it is not the only one to stabilize our economy and reduce its business cycles. The leading central bank, the Federal Reserve of the U.S., has introduced, after the 2008 global financial crisis, new instruments and unusual facilities to implement its new innovative monetary policy. The financial world and mostly the social scientists watch as the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decides on a target interest rate in the federal funds market for the next period. The framework that the FOMC uses to implement monetary policy has changed over the last twelve years and continues to evolve today. Here, we try to evaluate the new instruments and their “effectiveness”. Before the 2008 financial crisis, policymakers used one set of traditional instruments (tools) to achieve the target rate. However, several policy interventions, introduced soon after the crisis, drastically altered the landscape of the federal funds market and the traditional economic theory. This new and uncertain environment, with enormous reserves and even interest on reserves, necessitated a new set of instruments by the Fed for its monetary policy implementation. Lately, after seven years of zero interest rate, the FOMC began in December 2015 to increase the target rate and then, went back again to a lower one, but many questions arise. How did they evaluate the effectiveness of these new instruments? Is the current federal funds rate the appropriate one for our economic wellbeing? How efficient was so far this ZIR monetary policy after the latest global financial crisis? Why the Fed put all these burdens of its ‘innovated” new monetary policy to the poor taxpayers (bail out) and to the risk-averse depositors (bail in)? Is it possible for the Fed’s policy to prevent the future financial crises? The federal funds rate was very low and affected negatively the financial markets (bubbles were growing), the real rates of interest (it is negative for twelve years), and the deposit rates (they are closed to zero for twelve years). The redistribution of wealth of depositors and taxpayers continues, which means the true economic welfare is falling and a new global recession was in preparation, if the current unfair easy money policy will persist, ignoring the necessity of a prevention of financial crises. Then, it came as an unexpected plague the coronavirus pandemic, following with a new but, the worse in economic history global crisis (chaos).

scholarly journals Analysis of Interest Rate Impact on the Profitability Level of the Banking System in Albania during the Period 2005 -2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Sokol Ndoka ◽  
Anilda Bozdo
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

This study is an analysis of the movement and impact of interest rates on the profitability level of the banking system in Albania. This analysis covers a 10-year timeframe (is organized in three time segments - before, during and after the financial crisis), taking into consideration the critical point of the years 2008-2009 considered as the “peak” of the global financial crisis. Such separation is made in order to see the possible changes of each period of time and to identify the impact differences of this factor in each period of study. This study is based on the hypothesis that the decrease of the interest rate has positively affected the income increase from interest as a result of the impact of two factors, negative levels of Gaps and an increased level of spread toward the average assets. As a matter of fact, it has neutralized on a certain level the other risks such as that of the loan which has dominated over the other risks. This paper is based on an empirical study with secondary quantitative and qualitative data. This study provides a considerable contribution in the framework of identification of factors affecting the profitability of the banking system in Albania, namely in the context of interest rate; In addition, this study aims at highlighting the importance of open Gaps minimization for the efficient profitability increase of the financial system.

scholarly journals INTEREST RATE PASS-THROUGH IN LITHUANIA

Ekonomika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytenis Lapinskas
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Rate Transmission ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The paper considers the pass-through of the interbank and retail interest rates for the case of Lithuania. The need for the interest rate transmission analysis has grown during the volatile market period caused by the global financial crisis. The objective of the article is to check theoretical and statistical aspects of domestic currency (litas) interest rate pass-through from interbank to retail interest rates and, specifically, to determine whether the recent global financial crisis has affected this process. Methods used in the article include a systemic analysis of related studies, historical data analysis and statistical testing. The analysis is expanded to cover the alternative interest rate-related variables in order to check the consistency of the pass-through of the litas interest rate over the period from October 2004 to December 2010. Results of the research show that though the lending interest rates have increased and the interest rate relationship has transformed over this period, there is no proof that changes in the bank interest rate setting policy has led to abnormal profits for banks.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SIMULTAN SEKTOR MONETER DI INDONESIA (PENDEKATAN PARSIAL MUNDELL-FLEMING)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aula Ahmad Hafidh Saiful Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
National Income ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
The Interest Rate

Abstrak: Kebijakan moneter merupakan salah satu usaha pemerintah untuk mengendalikan keadaan ekonomi makro. Perubahan yang terjadi pada kebijakan moneter akan mempengaruhi variabel-variabel ekonomi yang lain. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis secara simultan shocks kebijakan moneter dalam perekonomian terbuka terhadap variabel-variabel ekonomi dengan menggunakan data Indonesia periode 2000:1 - 2019:8 dengan menggunakan pendekatan secara parsial Teori Mundell-Fleming. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah Two-Stage Least Square (TSLS). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam studi ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) shock kebijakan moneter terhadap variabel-variabel ekonomi menunjukkan adanya suatu fenomena puzzle atau tidak sesuai teori dan (2) kontribusi BI rate yang paling besar dirasakan oleh variabel harga (inflasi). Penelitian ini memakai model IS-LM parsial dari sisi LM. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan simultan antara variabel endogen persamaan tingkat bunga dan inflasi. Dari model persamaan tingkat bunga semua variabel mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat bunga kecuali harga minyak dunia (OP). hubungan negatif ditunjukkan oleh permintaan uang (MD), pendapatan nasional (IPI) dan inflasi (INF). Sedangkan dalam persamaan inflasi, hanya variabel IPI yang tidak signifikan, hubungan negatif ditunjukkan oleh IPI dan aset luar negeri bersih (NFA).Abstract: Monetary policy is one of the government's efforts to control macroeconomic conditions. Changes in monetary policy will affect other economic variables. This study aims to simultaneously analyze monetary policy shocks in the open economy using Indonesian monthly data for the period 2000:1 - 2019:8 using a partial approach to the Mundell-Fleming Theory. The method used in this study is Two-Stage Least Square. The results obtained indicate that (1) the shock of monetary policy on economic variables indicates the phenomenon of puzzle or not according to theory and (2) contribution Bank Indonesia rate is the biggest to the price variable (inflation). This study uses a partial IS-LM model from the LM side. The results showed a simultaneous relationship between the endogenous variables of the interest rate equation and inflation. From the interest rate equation model, all variables significantly affect the interest rate, except for the world oil price; negative relationship is shown by money demand, national income, and inflation. Meanwhile, in the inflation equation, only the national income variable is insignificant; a negative relationship is shown by national income and net foreign assets.

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