Method for Assessing the Ecological Risk to the Population in Areas Outside the Planning Zones of Emergency Protection Measures Around the NPP

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
V. M. Polyakov ◽  
Z. S. Agalarov
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Radiation Accident ◽  
Emergency Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Vector Criterion

The article offers a method for assessing the environmental risk in the territories adjacent to the planning zone of emergency protection measures around the NPP. The method is based on simulation modeling of territory pollution, which is formed at the late stage of a radiation accident and zoning of territories by risk, taking into account the characteristics of the population’s life in a potentially dangerous territory. A vector criterion of environmental risk is proposed that allows zoning these territories according to the degree of danger to the population.

The Ennui of the Scroll

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Caetlin Benson-Allott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Contemporary Film ◽  
Genre Film

Inspired by her difficulty selecting a film as the subject for her column, Film Quarterly regular Caetlin Benson-Allott explores the concept of the “paradox of choice” in relation to contemporary film culture. A common feature of late-stage capitalism with its characteristic consumer abundance, the paradox of choice afflicts people with too many options, decreasing their happiness and increasing anxiety. In her column, Benson-Allott explores the paradox of choice as a condition of the current streaming era, while also historicizing television culture’s ideology of plenty. She traces this notion of superabundance, which undergirds digital cable and streaming culture today, back to the 1950s when print media such as TV Guide pioneered a print-heavy layout that stupefied the eye into an impression of excess. Arguing that browsing print program guides and its more recent corollary, channel surfing, are numbing experiences that discourage risk-taking, Benson-Allott ultimately finds relief from the ennui of the scroll in the pleasures—both expected and unexpected—of the genre film.

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Lead at a Children’s Blood Lead Exceeding Area in Fujian

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rui Sun ◽  
Hua Qing Chen ◽  
Du Kang Li ◽  
Dong Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Material Layer ◽  
Contamination Degree

Taking Pingzhai Village in Sanming City of Fujian Provice as the researching area, the village has already outbroken Children’s blood lead exceeding and cause a lot of damage to local children. In order to reveal the reason for this serious consequence and assess the environmental risk of Pb, 24 soil samples including 12 from parent material layer and 12 from the corresponding surface layer and 4 groundwater samples are collected. The Tessier sequential extraction method is applied to analyze different speciation of Pb in soil, and Risk Assessment Code (RAC) and Ratio of Secondary Phase and Primary Phase (RSP) are both applied to evaluate Pb contamination degree and ecological risks. The results show that: the concentration of Pb in soil samples exceeds the soil Pb background values of Fujian Province, and the overall concentration of Pb shows a rising trend from the surface to parent material layer, then their accumulated pollution index range from 5.4 to 54.9 in surface layer and 4.7 to 68.1 in parent material layer. Coefficients of variation of Pb in surface and parent material layer are 79% and 86%, respectively. The lead in soil can be divided into 3 chemical speciation containing T1 (exchangeable speciation and carbonate bounded form), T2 (potential ecological risk form) and T3 (residual speciation) and Pb in soil mainly exists in T2 and T3. There shows a significant positive correlation between T2 or T3 and the total amount of Pb in soil. Pb concentration in groundwater has exceeded limited value of Standards for Drinking Water Quality. RAC and RSP ecological risk assessment results indicate that: environmental risk level of RSP is higher than it of RAC, and the contamination degree and potential environmental risk level of parent material soil are higher than them of surface soil applied by the two assessment methods.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS TO THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE PROCEDURE FOR CHOOSING ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS WHEN CLOSING MINES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LIMITED FINANCING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
V.N. Pavlysh ◽  
◽  
E. Kazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Expert Rating ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Measures

The methodology for determining the procedure for environmental protection on the basis of a matrix representation of the conditions of the problem and the application of mathematical methods of information processing is substantiated. An algorithm is proposed for establishing the procedure for environmental protection during the closure of coal mines with limited funding. When mines are closed, environmental legislation provides for the implementation of a number of important technical measures ensuring the preservation of the environment in the zone of influence of the enterprise. A method is proposed that is based on determining the degree of risk of each environmental hazard factor, which allows one to “rank” environmental measures according to their “rank”. The main aspects of the negative environmental impact of densely populated mining regions are identified. The degree of environmental risk, from the point of view of using it to establish the frequency of environmental protection measures, is a criterial factor, determined on the basis of collegial decision-making by all interested participants in the process. The numerical characteristics that form the basis for decision making are determined. To assess the degree of environmental risk, the data of expert assessments are presented in the form of a matrix, which allows us to formalize the decision-making process on the frequency of environmental protection measures. In the process of forming a matrix of expert rating estimates, all indicators that determine the degree of environmental risk are taken into account. Moreover, among the indicators there are those that have a physical nature and are measured by physical quantities, and those that have a logical essence and are characterized as “yes” or “no”

scholarly journals Nuclear Emergency Protection Measures and Standards: Outline of Evacuation Exit Inspections in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takakiyo TSUJIGUCHI ◽  
Chieko ITAKI ◽  
Taichi KITAYA ◽  
Yoshitaka SHIROMA ◽  
Ikuo KASHIWAKURA
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Nuclear Emergency

Hotspots of Ecological and Environmental Risk Research in China Based on Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Cluster Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Xie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Taking the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database as a platform, we constructed a co-word matrix with the high-frequency keywords of ecological/environmental risk related papers published on core journals. We made multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis using SPSS, and discussed the status of ecological risk related research. The results show that the research hotspots can be divided into five aspects, including ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in the bottom mud, ecological risk assessment of toxic organic pollutants, regional landscape ecological risk, environmental safety accidents and risk management, and other types of ecological risk such as transgenic and biological invasion.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF TECHNOGENIC COMPONENTS OF MODERN RIVER SEDIMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Menshikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Stability Coefficient ◽  
Final Assessment ◽  
Earth's Crust

The author considers approaches to an estimation of toxicity and potential ecological risk of the technogenic components in structure of river sediments of mining territories. We propose the use of an element lithotoxicity factor, which is accounted for by an additional multiplier to the ratio of the content of a single element in man-made components of sediments and its average content in the upper part of the continental earth’s crust. The calculation of the final assessment of the potential environmental risk of anthropogenic components is carried out taking into account their stability coefficient. This coefficient can be their hardness according to the Mohs scale.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in an Abandoned Dye Factory of China Using SERA Methodology Based on Source Apportionment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Miao ◽  
Yimei Zhang ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Yaxiao Duan ◽  
Yuxian Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Pollutant Sources

Abstract Soil heavy metal contaminated sites with multiple sources of pollution have caused worldwide public concern. However, the lack of correlation of risk assessment or source identification of heavy metal leads to unclear direction of source governance. Although previous studies have involved different risk assessment, few attempts have been made to establish a link between them. In order to design a comprehensive risk assessment system, it is necessary to identify the specific source risks and the correlation and comparison between environmental risk assessment. In this paper, a methodology was established by combining source apportionment of ecological risks and human health risks (SERA) to characterize the sources and source-specific risks of heavy metals in soil. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to identify and classify potential sources of heavy metals in the study area. According to the results, they will be incorporated into the environmental risk model to evaluate environmental risk of the identified sources of heavy metals. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Hg were highly above the background values, indicating a moderate enrichment. It was worth noting that the source contributed ecological risk index (SCEI) of Hg, with the value of 51.16 contributed mainly by the pollutant sources of waste treatment, has reached moderate ecological risk. The SCEI of Cd contributed by industrial activities (the wastewater and dyeing process) showed the most predominant source of contribution. The source contributed human health risk index (SCHI) of As contributed most by pollutant sources of agriculture activities. Overall, the modified total health risk posed by soil heavy metals SCHI was 1.11E+00, showing potential risk to the residents. This study provides a new insight for the treatment of mutil-sources of soil heavy metal pollution and also some reference value for the improvement of the risk assessment system.the main finding: Exploring a methodology (SERA) to quantitatively characterize the relationship between pollutants sources and environmental risk assessment based on source contribution.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT AND CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF GEOECOLOGICAL (LITHOEDAPHOLOGICAL) RISK OF LANDSLIDES DURING THE INFLUENCE TO FERTILE LAYERS OF SOIL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Prasolov ◽  
◽  
N.A. Orlova ◽  
I.F. Volfson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the main characteristics of assessment and calculation of the risk caused by hazardous geological and engineering-geological processes on the example of landslides. The main aspects of assessing geological risk are shown – physical, economic, social and ecological. The main features of ecological risk are indicated, the most common methods for determination it are identified.When considering the impact of landslide processes on fertile soil layers, two main drawbacks were found - underestimation of the depth of the landslides’ impact on the soil cover and the absence of pronounced differences between risk assessments for living communities (soil ecosystems) within the framework of geoecological risk (in this case, lithoedaphological risk) and risk for abiotic components (soil cover) within the environmental risk (in this case, lithopedological risk). Various methods are presented and aspects taken into account for the assessment of geoecological risk, medical and social problems, potentially caused by landslide processes, are noted.

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