scholarly journals Politics Of The Nation And Madrasah’s policy

Author(s):  
Abd. Rahman Mas’ud

Pendekatan sejarah dan politik digunakan demi pemahaman kemunculan kebijakan madrasah dalam sejarah Indonesia. Pendekatan ini dipercaya mampu memetakan hubungan antara politik dan kelahiran pendidikan madrasah. Dalam masa awal pembentukan, pendidikan madrasah tidak diakui oleh Belanda dalam masa pemerintahannya sebagai penjajah di Indonesia. Ini menghasilkan kurangnya aspirasi keagamaan dan pendidikan kaum Muslim terhadap pemerintahan Belanda. Kebijakan yang menentang madrasah mulai berubah dalam masa penjajahan Jepang yang memungkinkan kaum Muslim untuk berekspresi secara politik. Dalam era memasuki kemerdekaan, periode yang mengakomodasi ruang politik muncul dengan menyuarakan kaum Muslim, dengan bukti pembentukan Menteri Agama pada tanggal 3 Januari, 1946. Di masa inilah madrasah secara penuh dipayungi oleh kementerian agama. Hingga kini, madrasah dan pesantren belum diakui dalam sistem pedidikan nasional. Situasi ini berlangsung hingga tahun 1960an. Sejalannnya dengan masa orde baru, pihak pemerintah bersikap akomodatif terhadap aspirasi umat Islam, yang secara spesifik berhubungan dengan pendidikan. Maka dari itu pendidikan madrasah mulai masuk dan terintegrasi menjadi sistem pendidikan nasional. Pembentukan SKB Tiga Menteri pada tahun 1975 (kementerian agama, kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan, dan kementerian dalam negeri) dan pasal no. 2 tahun 1989 yang menyangkut sistem pendidikan nasional, mampu dilihat sebagai sebuah proses integrasi tahap awal. Madrasah adalah sekolah umum yang bersifat keislaman yang dibentuk oleh Kementerian Agama. Perihal ini berlangsung sampai terbentuknya pasal no. 20 tahun 2003 yang menyangkut sistem pendidikan nasional. Dalam periode ini, pendidikan madrasah dan sekolah umum memiliki level derajat yang sama. Historical and political approaches were used to understand the birth of the madrasah’s policy in throughout Indonesia’s history . These approaches were considered to be able to map the relationship between politics and the birth of madrasah education policy. In the early period, when the nation was controlled by the Dutch colonial government, madrasah education was not included in the Dutch educational system. This was a result of the lack of fulfillment of religious and educational aspirations of Muslims by the Dutch government. Policy against madrasah began to change during the Japanese occupation where Islam began to gain a space for political expression. Entering post-independence, a political period known as the political accommodation emerged as the nation provided enough space for Islam to existed, marked by the establishment of the Ministry of Religious Affairs on January 3rd, 1946. This was when madrasah fell under the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Until this point, madrasah and pesantren were not included in the national education system. This situation continued until the 1960s. During the New Order Regime, the government was very accommodative to Muslim aspirations, in particular those related to Islamic education. Thus madrasah education entered and was integrated into the national education system. The birth of SKB Tiga Menteri (Three Ministers decree) on 1975 (Minister of Religious Affairs, Minister of Education and Culture, and the Ministry of Home Affairs) and Law No. 2 Year 1989 concerning the national education system could be seen as the early integration of madrasah into the national education system. Madrasah is a public school distinctively of Islamic religion held by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. It was like this until the birth of Law No. 20 Year 2003 concering the National Education System. In this period, madrasah education is equivalent to education in public schools. 

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Mohamad Yusuf ◽  
Carl Sterkens

This article aims to analyse the Indonesian State’s laws regarding models of religious education, by evaluating Law No. 20/2003, concerning the national system of education and other related laws. Two questions are highlighted: What type of religious education is favoured by Indonesian state? Does the preference for a certain type of religious education reflect a specific vision of the state-religion relationship? Our data consisted of two sources: the State’s law on national education system, Law No. 20/2003, and the minutes of the Indonesian parliament meeting approving the law. We found that Law No. 20/2003 expresses the preference of the government for a mono-religious model. Indonesia is categoreized as having preferred treatment for some religions or support for a particular religious tradition. This categorisation is confirmed by the results of our research findings indicated by the preferential treatment delivered by the State, and the State’s legislation and regulations on religion.[Tulisan ini menganalisis legislasi negara terhadap pendidikan agama dengan cara mengevaluasi UU No. 20/2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional beserta perundang-undangan terkait lainnya. Dua pertanyaan berusaha untuk dijawab dalam tulisan ini, yaitu: Model pendidikan agama yang bagaimana yang menjadi preferensi negara? Apakah preferensi tersebut merefleksikan visi negara terhadap model relasi negara-agama tertentu? Tulisan ini merujuk kepada dua data utama, yaitu: UU No. 20/2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional serta Risalah Rapat Paripurna ke-35 DPR RI tahun 2003 yang mengesahkan UU No. 20/2003. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa UU Sistem Pendidikan Nasional merefleksikan preferensi negara terhadap model pendidikan agama mono-relijius. Model pendidikan mono-religius ini merefleksikan preferensi negara terhadap model relasi negara-agama preferensial; negara mengakui lebih dari satu agama resmi dan memberi dukungan kepada institusi-institusinya, yang direfleksikan melalui legislasi dan peraturan terkait agama.]


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Miftahul Huda

This paper aims to analyze the development of Islamic education in Indonesia and efforts to strengthen it in the national education system. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Study of literature by focusing on terms of peeling, summarizing and collecting a literature, then the authors provide an analysis of the data that has been collected. The results showed that during the pre-independence era religious education was not only not recognized but also not included in the education system, it was even suspected of being a place to incite and fight the invaders. At the time of independence it did not yet have a role because the government still tended to be controlled by nationalist and secular groups, if there were Islamic groups, Islam was still more abangan. Thus the New Order government continuously fostered the quality of madrasa education so that in 1975 a joint decree (SKB) was issued by three ministers on Improving the Quality of Education in Madrasas, where the SKB of the three ministers had advantages and disadvantages. So that the solution of this weakness is the government is trying to make breakthroughs to restore the function of the madrasa as a place to print religious leaders, namely by opening an alternative Madrasah Aliyah named Madrasah Aliyah Special Program (MAPK). Henceforth, this MAPK was changed to Madrasah Aliyah Religious (MAK) which focuses and strengthens the field of Islamic education. There are two strengthening of Islamic education in the national education system, namely strengthening Islamic educational institutions, and strengthening religious subjects in all schools both under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion and other Ministries.


Author(s):  
Suryawahyuni Latief ◽  
Yeasy Agustina Sari ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Armila Armila ◽  
Riyan Erwin Hidayat

This article aims to analyze the development of Islamic education in Indonesia and efforts to strengthen it in the national education system. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The study of literature by focusing on terms of peeling, summarizing and collecting a literature, then the authors provide an analysis of the data that has been collected. The results showed that during the pre-independence era religious education was not only not recognized but also not included in the education system, it was even suspected of being a place to incite and fight the invaders. At the time of independence it did not yet have a role because the government still tended to be controlled by nationalist and secular groups, if there were Islamic groups, Islam was still more abangan. Thus the New Order government continuously fostered the quality of madrasa education so that in 1975 a joint decree (SKB) was issued by three ministers on Improving the Quality of Education in Madrasas, where the SKB of the three ministers had advantages and disadvantages. So that the solution of this weakness is the government is trying to make breakthroughs to restore the function of the madrasa as a place to print religious leaders, namely by opening an alternative Madrasah Aliyah named Madrasah Aliyah Special Program (MAPK). Henceforth, this MAPK was changed to Madrasah Aliyah Religious (MAK) which focuses and strengthens the field of Islamic education. There are two strengthening of Islamic education in the national education system, namely strengthening Islamic educational institutions, and strengthening religious subjects in all schools both under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion and other Ministries. Keywords: National Education System of Indonesia, Development of Islamic Education, Strengthening National Education System


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Ade Suhendra

This paper describe about how the position of madrasa and Islamic Boarding Shool on political education in Indonesia, from the development of the position of madrasa and Islamic Boarding School on Netherlands Colonial time, new order time (the start of Indonesia independence) till now. The role of madrassas and pesantren since the pre-independence era or the Dutch colonial era, the early period of independence (the Old Order), the New Order until now continues to experience significant development that is starting from the madrasa and boarding schools have not been included as part of the National Education System, until now it has become part from the National Education System.


Al-Albab ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman

Studies on religious education teacher’s competences in Aceh could not be separated from studies on state’s intervention toward education. State hegemony occurs in the form of regulation formalization which regulates efforts for improving qualification and competence of teachers. The research showed that the presence of Act No. 14, 2005 and the Government Regulation No. 74, 2008 had been used as legal reference to encourage the improvement of Aceh religious education teachers’ qualification and competence. This is a qualitative study in which triangulation in data collection was used. The data was then collected through documentations, observations, and deep interviews. This work emphasizes that improving teachers’ competences in Islamic education system in Aceh was in accordance to and did not contradict with national education system and moreover strengthen the content of Act No. 14, 1005 and Government Regulation No. 74, 2008. Qualification and competence of religious education teachers in Aceh underwent improvement better than previous term. However, teachers experienced that socialization process and implementation of regulation has yet to receive upmost attention. The study also suggests that religious education teachers’ qualifications and competences will significantly contribute to the development of religious education quality, thus Islamic education transforms intently in national and state relations order.


Dialog ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Nuruddin Nuruddin

This paper attempts to investigate madrasah in line with the 5 year momentum of madrasa (2004-2009) coincided with the enactment of the National Education System Act No. 20 of 2003. Hence, this is to portray the madrasa after the birth of the Act. Madrasah has a clear position that is equal to that of public schools. Madrasah can be viewed from five elements, such as, namely, access, quality, relevance and competitiveness, and management and governance. Further this also describes the demands that the  madrasa have to be more active in self-portraying as the best educational institutions with competitive advantages, and being able to build an extensive network. In this regard, Madrasa must first be able to overcome some common problems, such as lack of human resources, lack of infrastructure, limited funds, traditional management, and so forth.


Author(s):  
Agung Saputra

Education is considered to have a very important role in promoting the civilization of a nation. Good quality education can encourage the creation of a quality society, creative and productive until finally able to achieve welfare. Through this national education system, the government should be able to ensure equal distribution of educational opportunities, as well as the relevance and efficiency of education management to face challenges in line with the changing demands of local, national and global life. The budget allocation system for education in Indonesia is heavily influenced by government policies. Education financing depends on the management of educational institutions, but budget allocations used must conform to national financing standards. Education in Indonesia, implemented in accordance with educational policies that regulate the national education system, as well as the allocation of 20% education funding obtained from the state budget and APBD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-375
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sadzali

For ages, the relationship between state and religion in Indonesia is always become a controversy, and the tension were getting higher in the early period before the declaration of independence. This article discusses how the controversy was occurred within period of Constitution making, and its influence in the text of Constitution, amendment or replacement of the Constitution. The debate on the issue of state and religion were focused on weather Indonesia would become a religious state (Islamic state) or secular state. The issue was consciously repeated in the event of amendment or replacement of Constitution. The implication of the discourse between state and religion lead to the gentlemen agreement on Pancasila, which one of the principles is “Believe in one God”. Therefore, the principle is reflected in Constitution such as recognition of certain religions; equality among the officially recognized religions; guaranteeing of freedom of religion; human rights protection which consider religious values; and developing national education system that based on religious aspect. Abstrak Polemik tentang hubungan antara agama dan negara di Indonesia sesungguhnya telah berlangsung lama, dan semakin meningkat tensinya pada saat kemerdekaan Indonesia sedang dipersiapkan. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana polemik itu berlangsung dalam kaitannya dengan pembentukan dan perubahan Konstitusi, dan bagaimana pula implikasinya pada Konstitusi yang dibentuk, diganti, dan diamandemen. Dalam artikel ini ditunjukkan, polemik hubungan agama dan negara berlangsung sengit pada masa persiapan kemerdekaan, atau jika dikaitkan dengan Konstitusi berarti pada saat Konstitusi pertama sedang dirumuskan. Polemik itu berkutat pada perdebatan apakah Indonesia menjadi negara agama (Islam) ataukah negara yang tidak didasarkan pada agama tertentu. Polemik semacam ini ternyata kembali berulang pada saat Konstitusi diganti dan diamandemen. Pada perkembangannya, polemik ini berimplikasi pada lahirnya kesepakatan mulia berupa Pancasila, di mana negara didasarkan salah satunya pada “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”. Dalam isi atau batang tubuh Konstitusi, kesepakatan semacam ini menimbulkan implikasi turunannya berupa pengakuan negara terhadap eksistensi agama tertentu; perlakuan secara sama terhadap semua agama yang diakui; pemberian jaminan kebebasan penduduk untuk memeluk dan menjalankan ajaran agama; pengakuan dan penghormatan hak asasi yang mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai agama; dan pengembangan pendidikan nasional yang berbasis dan berorientasi pada peningkatan aspek spiritual keagamaan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tonny Pongoh ◽  
Henry Soelistyo Budi ◽  
Bintan R. Saragih

<p><span>The legal status of polytechnic has been fundamentally changed from time to time. After the Law of National Education System Number 20/2003 and the Law of Higher Education Number 12/2012 came into effect, the polytechnic has been granted a new legal status that offers more diverse programs at various levels. Since then, polytechnic could conduct vocational diploma programs and degree programs in applied sciences from graduate to postgraduate. This legal status raises legal problems whether polytechnic is a higher education institution in vocational or applied sciences. Best education practices in some countries classify applied sciences higher education as academic education, not vocational education. This doctrinal research paper then will examine this legal problem using statute, historical and comparative approach, in the light of the Development Legal Theory. This study shows that the legal status of polytechnic is heavily dependent on government policy. In the absence of a clear and firm ground policy of vocational education, the legal status of the polytechnic has been interpreted differently from time to time. The government ought to reset the vocational education policy and then reform the law of the national education system. Therefore, the legal status of the polytechnic will be more sustainable and have better legal certainty accordingly. Regarding the recent development of higher education, it will be better if the government constitutes polytechnic as a higher education institution in applied sciences.</span></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-435
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Arini ◽  
Gusti Nyoman Mastini ◽  
Ni Ketut Kantriani

Education is closely related to national development and is directed at the development of all Indonesian people. As an effort to implement the National Education System Law, the government hereby pays great attention to religious education. This study aims to determine the urgency of Hindu religious education on government policies regarding religious and religious education. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using descriptive analysis techniques, with data collection techniques carried out through library research. The results of the study stated that Hindu religious education has a function as a motivator and dynamist, can encourage the creativity of students to do good and right to achieve their life goals, as stated in the Vedas namely Moksartham Jagadhitaya Ca Iti Dharma, meaning that people can practice Hinduism, understand, If you live and practice it, then the purpose of life, namely physical and spiritual well-being, will be achieved in this world and the next life. It is said how great the function of Hinduism is in shaping the character of the nation's children, especially in ethics, morality and morality, developing spirituality in everyday life in order to achieve their life goals. In this context, the government always lists religious education as one of the compulsory subjects that must be taken from elementary school to university. This is reflected in the laws and regulations of the 1945 Constitution and the National Education System Law, as well as other laws and regulations.


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