scholarly journals HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KARBON TERSULFONASI BERBASIS CANGKANG KEMIRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Dian Halimah Batubara ◽  
Taslim ◽  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Liquid Acid ◽  
Corrosion Problem

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) contains cellulose which is convertible to glucose through hydrolysis by using inorganic liquid acid catalyst. However, the use of such catalyst leads to corrosion problem, environment pollution, and complex separation. To overcome this problem, a sulfonated carbon catalyst was proposed. This study aimed to evaluate candlenut shell as carbon source for catalyst support in sulfonated carbon catalyst, and its application in cellulose hydrolysis. Candlenut shell was carbonized at 300-550oC for 4 h. Resulting carbon was sulfonated at 120-150oC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was assessed for its H+ capacity/acidity. The carbon with highest acidity was applied as solid acid catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis. Resulting glucose was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results suggest that sulfonated carbon from candlenut shell can be utilized as heterogeneous catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Carbon from Candlenut Shell as Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Cogon Grass Cellulose into Glucose

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1404-1408
Author(s):  
Taslim ◽  
Dian Halimah Batubara ◽  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Iriany ◽  
Okta Bani
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Catalyst Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) is convertible into glucose by hydrolysis process, which usually requires a catalyst. A solid acid catalyst of sulfonated carbon was used in this work. This study aimed to observe the viability of candlenut shell as carbonaceous source in solid acid catalyst production and to characterize the sulfonated carbon. The carbonization was performed at 250-550 ºC for 4 h, while sulfonation was carried out at 100-180 ºC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was then characterized by H+ activity/acid density test, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sulfonated carbon was then tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrolysis reaction. The reaction was performed in a stainless steel batch reactor at 100 ºC for 6 h. Glucose formed by hydrolysis was measured by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results of this study suggested that sulfonated carbon derived from candlenut shell may be used as a catalyst for cogon grass cellulose hydrolysis to produce glucose

scholarly journals A New Method for Solid Acid Catalyst Evaluation for Cellulose Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-669
Author(s):  
Maksim Tyufekchiev ◽  
Jordan Finzel ◽  
Ziyang Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Yao ◽  
Stephanie Sontgerath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Solid Acids ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Supernatant Liquid

A systematic and structure-agnostic method for identifying heterogeneous activity of solid acids for catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis is presented. The basis of the method is preparation of a supernatant liquid by exposing the solid acid to reaction conditions and subsequent use of the supernatant liquid as a cellulose hydrolysis catalyst to determine the effects of in situ generated homogeneous acid species. The method was applied to representative solid acid catalysts, including polymer-based, carbonaceous, inorganic, and bifunctional materials. In all cases, supernatant liquids produced from these catalysts exhibited catalytic activity for cellulose hydrolysis. Direct comparison of the activity of the solid acid catalysts and their supernatants could not provide unambiguous detection of heterogeneous catalysis. A reaction pathway kinetic model was used to evaluate potential false-negative interpretation of the supernatant liquid test and to differentiate heterogeneous from homogeneous effects on cellulose hydrolysis. Lastly, differences in the supernatant liquids obtained in the presence and absence of cellulose were evaluated to understand possibility of false-positive interpretation, using structural evidence from the used catalysts to gain a fresh understanding of reactant–catalyst interactions. While many solid acid catalysts have been proposed for cellulose hydrolysis, to our knowledge, this is the first effort to attempt to differentiate the effects of heterogeneous and homogeneous activities. The resulting supernatant liquid method should be used in all future attempts to design and develop solid acids for cellulose hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Acid Properties of GO and Reduced GO as Determined by Microcalorimetry, FTIR, and Kinetics of Cellulose Hydrolysis-Hydrogenolysis

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Van Chuc Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Kheireddine ◽  
Amar Dandach ◽  
Marion Eternot ◽  
Thi Thu Ha Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Pyridine Adsorption ◽  
Nh3 Adsorption

Graphene oxide addresses increasing interests as a solid acid catalyst working in water for carbohydrate conversion. If there is a general agreement to correlate its unique catalytic performances to its ability to adsorb sugars, the origin of its acidity remains controversial. In this article, we study the acid strength of graphene oxide (GO) prepared by modified Hummers method and that of reduced GO by calorimetry of NH3 adsorption and by FTIR of pyridine adsorption. Very strong acid sites are detected on GO by calorimetry, while reduced graphene oxide (reGO) is not very acidic. The FTIR of pyridine adsorption shows the prevailing presence of Br∅nsted acid sites and a unique feature, the presence of pyridine coordinated by hydrogen bonds. This exceptionally strong Br∅nsted acidity is tentatively explained by the presence of graphene domains decorated by hydroxyl, carboxylic, or sulfonated groups within the GO sheet, resulting in a high mobility of the negative charges which makes the proton free and explains its strong acidity. Accordingly, only GO is active and selective for native cellulose hydrolysis, leading to 27% yield in glucose. Finally, we show that sugar alcohols cannot be formed directly from cellulose using GO combined with Pt/re-GO under hydrogen, explained by the reduction of oxygenated functions of GO. The instability of the functional groups of GO in a reducing atmosphere is the weak point of this peculiar solid acid.

Temperature‐responsive Solid Acid Catalyst for Cellulose Hydrolysis to HMF

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 4136-4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Hongyou Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Temperature Responsive

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Production of cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a solid acid catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 14071-14078
Author(s):  
Xi-Que Wu ◽  
Pan-Dao Liu ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Shu-Ying Xu ◽  
Yu-Cang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
New Strategy

A new strategy was developed to produce cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a recyclable solid acid catalyst with assistance of ultrasonic disintegration and a suction filtration film forming method.

scholarly journals ZnAlMCM-41; a very ecofriendly and reusable solid acid catalyst for highly selective synthesis of 1, 3-dioxanes by Prins cyclization of olefins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Selvaraj ◽  
Mohammed A. Assiri ◽  
Hari Singh ◽  
Jimmy Nelson Appaturi ◽  
Subrahmanyam Ch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Selective Synthesis ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Catalytic Method ◽  
Prins Cyclization ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic

Prins cyclization of styrene (SE) with paraformaldehyde (PFCHO) was conducted with mesoporous ZnAlMCM-41 catalysts for synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (4-PDO) under a liquid phase heterogeneous catalytic method. For comparison study, the...

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