scholarly journals Gratitude influences happiness through mindfulness in Korean high school students: the moderated mediation model of grit

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
School Students ◽  
Effect Analysis

Introduction. There are many ways to enhance happiness for people. Recently, mindfulness, gratitude and grit contribute to several psychological areas such as wellbeing and success. In addition, Korean high school students suffer from hard work like university entrance examination. Therefore, it is important to study the new ways to increase happiness using recently emerging psychological variables. The purpose of the study aimed to determine whether grit moderates the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between gratitude and happiness targeting high school students in Korea. Study participants and methods. The participants were 435 high school students purposively selected from four high schools at Seosan city, Chungnam province in Korea. There was 50.6% for males and 49.4% for females, and men and women were evenly distributed. In this case, the 3rd grade was 71.3%, more than 28.7% of 2nd grade, and 1st grade was not included in the survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. The statistical techniques applied were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and a moderated mediation effect analysis. Results. First, as a result of correlation analysis, happiness was significantly positively correlated with gratitude (r=.494, p<.001), grit (r=.299, p<.001) and mindfulness (r=.452, p<.001), and the correlation between happiness and gratitude showed the highest coefficient. Second, as a result of the moderated mediation effect analysis, the grit moderated the mediating effect of mindfulness in the link between gratitude and happiness (.6118, .0311~.1806). Practical significance. Based on these findings, this study discussed methods for improving the happiness of high school students through the gratitude, grit and mindfulness. Therefore, this results will be useful to policy making and program development for happiness.

scholarly journals The dual mediating effect of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness of high school students in Korea: the moderated mediation effect of the growth mindset

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
Eun Mi Shin ◽  
◽  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Mediating Role

Introduction. In Korea, high school students are very low in happiness because they possess many worries about better university entrance and career development. The purpose of this study was to focus on increasing happiness by examining whether the growth mindset moderates the dual mediating effects of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness. Study participants and methods. The participants of this research were male (50.6%) and female (49.4%) among 435 high school students, and 86.2% of the participants lived in small and medium-sized cities, Dong and Eup. As for parental occupations, sales, service, and production jobs accounted for the most, at 32.2%. The household income level was medium for 51.0% of the participants, and 64.1% had dual-income parents. The SPSS Win. 25 and the PROCESS macro 3.5. were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, mean comparison analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis were conducted. Results. First, there was significant positive correlation between all of the variables. Gratitude and happiness had the highest correlation coefficient (r=.494, p<.01), followed by mindfulness and happiness (r=.452, p<.01), and then gratitude and happiness (r=.451, p<.01). Second, the growth mindset moderates the relationship between gratitude and mindfulness. Third, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → happiness in both the M and M+SD conditions. Fourth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → hope → happiness. Fifth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → hope → happiness in M and M+SD conditions. Practical significance. These results will contribute to developing a model to increase happiness by using growth mindset in high school students.

scholarly journals Depression and happiness of high school students: the dual mediating effects of suicidal ideation and gratitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Eun Mi Shin ◽  
◽  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
School Students ◽  
Effect Analysis

Introduction. The happiness of adolescents in Korea is the lowest among OECD countries. In particular, high school students is behind the happiness due to college entrance-oriented education. Academic interest in happiness of high school students is needed. This study examined whether depression significantly affects happiness by way of suicidal ideation and gratitude of high school students in South Korea, and suggests ways to increase happiness through gratitude. Materials and methods. 4 high schools in S city in Korea were selected as study area for survey and from them 435 participants were purposively selected. Participants was 50.6% for males and 49.4% for females. Grade distribution was 28.7% in 2nd grade and 71.3% in 3rd grade. The statistical methods used in this study were frequency, reliability, correlation, and dual mediating effect analysis using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25 and PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. Results. Firstly, depression had a positive association with suicidal ideation (r=.703, p<.001), but had a negative association with gratitude (r=-.305, p<.001), and happiness (r=-.656, p<.001), with the highest correlation coefficient between depression and suicidal ideation (r=.703, p<.001). Secondly, the simple mediation effect of gratitude in the link between depression and happiness was observed (-.0918, -.1532 ~ -.0322). Thirdly, the dual mediating effect of suicidal ideation and gratitude in the link between depression and happiness was verified (-.0382, -.0801 ~ -.0225). Conclusion. This research could contribute to solving the negative relationship between depression and happiness through the two mediators, suicidal ideation and gratitude. This study provided the basis for a further research to enhance happiness by utilizing gratitude for adolescents with severe depression and high suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Organizational Incivility and Job Stress on Childcare Teachers’ Turnover Intention: Moderated Mediation Effect of Gratitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-429
Author(s):  
Da Hye Seo ◽  
◽  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Quality Of Childcare

Introduction. The turnover intention of teachers who work at childcare centers and facilities is high in Korea because of workplace incivility and job stress. There is a need for research to reduce turnover intention. This study aimed to investigate whether gratitude moderates the mediating effects of job stress in the association between organizational incivility and turnover intention of childcare teachers. Study participants and methods. The participants in this study were child-care teachers working in Chungnam province of Korea. The survey participants were 108 (49.1%) in their 40s, 85 (38.6%) in their 30s and older, and 27 (12.3%) in their 50s and older. There were 180 married people (78.6%), and 49 people (21.4%) unmarried. For analysis, we did data analysis using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. We used frequency, reliability, correlation, and moderated mediating effect analysis. Results. First, organizational incivility, job stress, and turnover intention were significantly correlated. Organizational incivility had a positive correlation with job stress (r = .412, p < .01) and turnover intention (r = .536, p < .01), and gratitude was negatively correlated with job stress (r = -.288, p < .01) and with turnover intention (r = -.339, p < .01). Second, as the result of analyzing the moderated mediation effect analysis, when the gratitude value was low (M-1SD), medium (M), and high (M+1SD), the conditional indirect effect was significant. Therefore, the moderated mediating effect of gratitude moderating the mediating effect of job stress in the link between organizational incivility and turnover intention was verified. Practical significance. Incivility acted as a cause of increasing turnover intention, and gratitude acted as a buffer to lower turnover intention. Therefore, this study will be used as policy development data to lower the intention to turnover of childcare teachers who have experienced rudeness and to improve the quality of childcare services.

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