The Influence of Organizational Incivility and Job Stress on Childcare Teachers’ Turnover Intention: Moderated Mediation Effect of Gratitude

Introduction. The turnover intention of teachers who work at childcare centers and facilities is high in Korea because of workplace incivility and job stress. There is a need for research to reduce turnover intention. This study aimed to investigate whether gratitude moderates the mediating effects of job stress in the association between organizational incivility and turnover intention of childcare teachers. Study participants and methods. The participants in this study were child-care teachers working in Chungnam province of Korea. The survey participants were 108 (49.1%) in their 40s, 85 (38.6%) in their 30s and older, and 27 (12.3%) in their 50s and older. There were 180 married people (78.6%), and 49 people (21.4%) unmarried. For analysis, we did data analysis using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. We used frequency, reliability, correlation, and moderated mediating effect analysis. Results. First, organizational incivility, job stress, and turnover intention were significantly correlated. Organizational incivility had a positive correlation with job stress (r = .412, p < .01) and turnover intention (r = .536, p < .01), and gratitude was negatively correlated with job stress (r = -.288, p < .01) and with turnover intention (r = -.339, p < .01). Second, as the result of analyzing the moderated mediation effect analysis, when the gratitude value was low (M-1SD), medium (M), and high (M+1SD), the conditional indirect effect was significant. Therefore, the moderated mediating effect of gratitude moderating the mediating effect of job stress in the link between organizational incivility and turnover intention was verified. Practical significance. Incivility acted as a cause of increasing turnover intention, and gratitude acted as a buffer to lower turnover intention. Therefore, this study will be used as policy development data to lower the intention to turnover of childcare teachers who have experienced rudeness and to improve the quality of childcare services.

Quantity and quality of childcare and children’s educational outcomes

Policy-makers wanting to support child development can choose to adjust the quantity or quality of publicly funded universal pre-school. To assess the impact of such changes, we estimate the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in England of about 3.5 months at age 3 on children’s school achievement at age 5. We exploit date-of-birth discontinuities that create variation in the length and starting age of free pre-school using administrative school records linked to nursery characteristics. Estimated effects are small overall, but the impact of the additional term is substantially larger in settings with the highest inspection quality rating but not in settings with highly qualified staff. Estimated effects fade out by age 7.

Variability in the assessment of children’s primary healthcare in 30 European countries

Background The high variability in the types and number of measures adopted to evaluate childcare across European countries makes it necessary to investigate country practices to identify trends in setting national priorities in the assessment of child well-being. Objective This paper intends to investigate country practices under the lens of variability to explore possible trends in setting national priority in the evaluation of childcare. In particular, it analyses variability considering to what extent this depends on the tendency of adopting a broad vision (i.e. selecting measures for a larger variety of aspects) or whether this is influenced by the choice of adopting an in-depth approach (i.e. using more measures to analyse a specific aspect) Methods An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to a national expert in each country and yielded 352 measures. To analyse variability, the breadth in the number of aspects considered was explored using a convergence index, while the depth in the distribution of measures in each aspect was investigated by computing a coefficient of variation. Countries were grouped by adopting a hierarchical clustering approach. Results There is a high variability across countries in the selection of measures that cover different aspects of childcare. Preferences in the distribution of measures are significant even at the domain level and in countries that use a limited number of measures and become more evident at the category and sub-category levels. The statistical analysis clusters countries in four main groups and two outliers. The in-depth distribution of measures focused on a specific aspect shows a homogeneous pattern, with the identification of two main groups of countries. Conclusions A limited set of measures are shared across countries hampering a robust comparison of paediatric models. The selection of measures shows that the evaluation is closely related to national priorities as resulting from the number and types of measures adopted. Moreover, a range of a reasonable number of measures can be hypothesized to address the quality of childcare under a multi-dimensional perspective.

Ví­nculo Materno-Filial. ¿Genética O Cultura?

ResumenEl estudio del ví­nculo materno-filial es de gran importancia. La procreación es la base de la supervivencia de la especie humana y de la calidad del cuidado de los hijos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar interdisciplinariamente este concepto a través de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Las neurociencias señalan que el embarazo produce cambios en el cerebro, provocando a su vez un aumento de atención y cuidado a los hijos. Para la antropologí­a, el llamado ”instinto maternal,” referido al amor incondicional de la madre por su hijo, no siempre se presenta y puede ser que en algunas ocasiones se niegue o rechace por la madre. La filosofí­a conjunta ambos argumentos, señalando que el ser humano tiene biologí­a, pero es libre en la elección de sus conductas. Por su repercusión en la calidad y subsistencia de la especie humana, el estudio del ví­nculo materno-filial debe seguir siendo estudiado.Palabras clave: madre, hijos, instinto maternal, embarazo, ví­nculo materno-filial.AbstractThe study of the mother-child bond is of great importance. Procreation is the basis of the survival of the human species and the quality of childcare. The objective of this work is to analyze this concept interdisciplinary through systematic bibliographic review. Neurosciences indicate that pregnancy produces changes in the mother´s brain, causing in turn an increase in attention and care for children. For anthropology, the so-called "maternal instinct," referring to the unconditional love of the mother for his/her child, does not always occur and may be denied or rejected by the mother. Philosophy considers both arguments, pointing out that the human being has biology, but is free in the choice of behaviors. Because of its impact on the quality and subsistence of the human species, the study of the mother-child bond must continue to be studied.Keywords: Mother, child, maternal-instinct, pregnancy, maternal-child bond. [1] Doctora en Ciencias. Coordinadora de Investigación del Centro Interdisciplinario de Bioética de la Universidad Panamericana, México.

Children with Developmental Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: More Neglected and Physically Punished

Little is known about parenting in the context of developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), penalized by both lack of data and a research bias toward western societies. In this study, we apply data mining methods on a large (N = 25,048) dataset from UNICEF to highlight patterns of association between developmental disabilities of children and parental involvement. We focus on the co-presence of multiple disabilities and the quality of childcare in three parenting domains: discipline, caregiving, and education. Our results show that, in LMIC, children with more severe developmental conditions are also more likely to receive low-quality parental care. Specific policies of parental training are needed to improve parental practices in LMIC.

Urgensi Program Pelatihan Parenting dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Orangtua dengan Anak

This article presents a study of the urgency of parenting training programs in improving communication skills of parents with children based on the results of research and literature review. At present in Indonesia parenting training programs are not yet fully integrated into children's education programs in schools. The study of parenting training programs has also not been widely carried out in the context of developing countries. However, empirical evidence from various results of research and literature studies has proven that parenting training programs provide significant benefits in improving the quality of childcare including improving parent-child communication skills. Considering the importance and benefits, this program needs to be continually initiated and facilitated as a manifestation of microsystem synergy between home and school to ensure the optimization of child development.

Parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on changes in childcare quality in the United States, Russia and Finland

<p>This article reports on the findings of a follow-up study, which examined parents’ and teachers’ perspectives regarding the quality of childcare for 3- to 5-year-old children in the United States, Russia and Finland between 1991 and 2011. The study aims to address a gap in early childhood education (ECE) research by examining how the quality of ECE has changed in international settings over the past decades, thus expanding comprehension of the diversity within the ECE phenomena and its culture-specific nature. With a focus on the quality of ECE, this study examines the parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on key elements of the implementation of ECE in childcare centres: programme structure, curriculum goals, the role of parents and teachers as partners in children’s lives, as well as children’s satisfaction with their childcare. The results indicate that there have been differences in ECE quality between the studied societies both in structural aspects as well as in process and effect factors in all data collection cohorts. It seems that ECE quality and the changes within it may be connected to ECE policy based on the societal values. The results suggest that to understand ECE and its pedagogy, one has to be aware of the value-laden cultural contexts in a society</p>

DIARY OF A MOTHER IN A MODERN FAMILY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE CHILD

The study is devoted to factors of development of mother’s attitude towards her child and the reflection of this attitude by keeping a diary. Keeping of mother’s diary became common in privileged circles only in late 19th century. Scientists recommended it as a means of professionalization of motherhood, to improve the quality of childcare, and as an aid for pediatric control. Mother’s diary was preceded by scientist diaries, which, in fact, became first scientific sources when assessing child’s development. Currently there are new issues affecting the relationship between mother and child. They concern the family – the environment that takes in the child and determines the direction of his development. Issues include the loss of social significance of motherhood, promotion of the “desired” child, propaganda of maternal realization in her career, having fewer children and other phenomena that did not exist before. As a result of having fewer children, the expectant mother has little contact with babies before the birth of her own, she does not acquire communication experience with younger brothers or sisters, which reduces the ability to understand and accept her own children. If in the relatively recent past it was possible to speak of a “natural” motherhood – rich, multi-generational experience of feeding and nurturing children, then in the so-called developed society motherhood (generalized social attitudes) is forced to rely on the experience of the new mother herself, who chooses a method to make up for the deficiencies in maternal education. Therefore, the theme of the study of mother’s characteristics effect on the emotional, moral, and spiritual development is to be actively developed and topical. Mother’s diary is a means to improve the educational self-analysis of the mother and the reflection of her love and affection to the child.