scholarly journals Narrative- and Space-Making in the City on the Example of Lublin

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hudzik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
General Information ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

This paper discusses the literary, artistic, scientific, and educational narratives that are (re)created to facilitate the city’s recovery of memory in the wake of the Holocaust.This is the case with Lublin.The story of the complete destruction of its Jewish quarter in the Second World War is a tragically familiar one in Central Europe, even though it had been silenced and forgotten for decades during the communist period. I would like to analyze an essayistic project that searches for a new language about a place left empty. How could one fill the void by making it mean something to new people, becoming their own narrative, and preserving the presence of the city’s former inhabitants? How is it possible to create a new mythology of a place? I assume that such questions must have been the starting point for essays on Lublin byWładysław Panas (1947–2005), related to the commemoration in the context of urban space. My text comes in four parts. I begin with general information and historical background, as well as an introduction to the analysis of Panas’s essay Oko Cadyka (The Eye of the Tzaddik) − the main subject of my paper − which exemplifies the reflection on the creation of narrative and urban space in contemporary humanities. In the second part, I focus on and contextualize the relationship between text and city that the essay postulates. The third part deals with theoretical approaches to interpretation. The fourth part underlines the scientific and critical aspects of Panas’s text, which questions the language of science − the humanities, historiography, and theory in general. I end with a look at some artistic projects inspired by his images.

scholarly journals Changes in the national composition and symbols of Zhovkva’s urban space as a result of the Second World War

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Vasylyna PASTERNAK
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
New City ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Before the war, urban symbolic space of Zhovkva was divided between several national groups – Ukrainians, Poles and Jews, who created the culture and history of the city. The foundations for such cohabitation were laid during the construction of the city by the Field Crown Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, and survived until the start of the war, as evidenced by the memories of its inhabitants. Therefore, the article explains how the ethnic composition of the city’s population has changed and its further influence on the symbolism of the urban space. Subsequently of the dramatic events of the Second World War and the processes of resettlement of the population, two of the national groups disappeared from the urban space. The Jewish community was physically destroyed during the war, and the Poles were evicted from Zhovkva to Poland in 1944–1946. The destruction of the Jews meant the death of the whole subethnos with original culture and history. The resettlement of Poles from Zhovkva, from their homes, was extremely difficult psychologically, because they were saying goodbye to their hometown, where they lived for several generations, were deprived of their homes, property that belonged to the ancestors, they were allowed to take out only 2 tons of items social household consumption. Soviet soldiers and functionaries, peasants from the surrounding villages, who got used to living together and rebuilding Zhovkva, became “new” city dwellers. The “new” residents of the city, in cooperation with the Soviet authorities, changed the symbolic space of the city, starting with the change of name from Zhovkva to Nesterov, in honor of the Russian pilot Peter Nesterov, who died near the city in 1914. The city was built on the socialist urban model, which destroyed the historical and architectural environment of Zhovkva, founded in the XVI century. Architectural sights that testified to the multinational of Zhovkvа were destroyed or completely changed their purpose. Polish churches and monasteries were turned into warehouses or barracks for soldiers, and icons, paintings, statues, religious things were destroyed or exported abroad. Keywords Zhovkva, Stanisław Żółkiewski, Jan ІІІ Sobieski, socio-demographic processes, Poles, Jews, interethnic relations, symbolic space.

POLITICIZING REPRODUCTION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE: OTTOMAN, TURKISH, AND FRENCH APPROACHES TO ABORTION LAW

Hawwa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Ruth Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn this essay I discuss modern abortion legislation in the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, and France. Using late nineteenth and early twentieth century fears of population decline and "race suicide" as a starting point, the first half of the essay examines the relationship between nationalist or authoritarian state formation and the criminalization of abortion in all three states. The second half of the paper discusses the gradual de-criminalization of abortion after the Second World War and its relationship to twentieth century rights rhetoric. In this essay I argue that both the criminalization and de-criminalization of abortion in the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, and France were central to modern citizenship formation, each process equally essential to the increasing politicization of reproductive behavior over the modern period. At the same time, I also argue that legislators in all three states looked back to unique "traditions" to serve as foundations for their post-eighteenth century laws—Ottoman and Turkish jurists making use of medieval and early modern debates in the Islamic world surrounding abortion and French jurists making use of an equally well-established Catholic tradition.

scholarly journals Collective actions for reconfiguration of urban space Biały Bór, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Sergiy Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
World War ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Biały Bór is located in the former German territories that came to Poland after the Second World War. The almost complete replacement of the indigenous German and Jewish populations, initially by Polish and soon Ukrainian communities, was the result of the displacement of state borders by the eviction and relocation of millions of people. To do this, the authorities used certain strategies, which brought different approaches and constraints to local communities and urban spaces. The article considers the differences between the declared principles and the actual actions of the authorities in the context of “small stories” of all actors (national communities), as well as the tactics of indirect resistance of the local community to government pressure. Due to the remoteness of the place from the state center and due to its unanimity, the local community becomes the driving force of the spatial development of the city. And since the city is multicultural, the development of public spaces is influenced by the competitiveness (not confrontation) of two local communities. Therefore, the creation of public spaces is considered in the context of the rights of different groups to the city. This paper argues the conditions under which it is the collective actions of local communities that determine the change in the configuration of urban space.

scholarly journals POST-CATASTROPHIC CITY TEXT: THE CITY READING IN THE CITY IN THE POSTWAR EAST AND CENTRAL EUROPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Uilleam Blacker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Literary Practice ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practice Literature

In the material, the author addresses a multidimensional memory problem - not only as a constituent of social life but also as a feature of its functioning in urban space. The author presents the interpretations of memory against the background of urban transformations. The complexity and multidimensionality of this phenomenon are emphasized not only in the usual methodological field but also in literary practice. Literature acts as a means of accumulating memory despite the disappearance or destruction of one or the other in urban space. The traumatic experience is of particular importance. The example of the twentieth century reflects the various cases of the existence of memories of the tragic past. Kyiv, Lviv, Wroclaw, Kaliningrad and several other cities during the Second World War have faced the transformation of the usual landscape. That was both the realities of time and the policies against certain groups who have been harassed and destroyed. The practice of work and interaction with one or another component of the past, measures of governmental bodies are analyzed. After these tragic periods, the memory in a peculiar manner was lost. The cities in the region in one way or another came to return and actualization of this experience in the modern world. Critical in this process is the literary practice that "returns" and "opens" the memory of urban space. Complex topics require the involvement of a large number of disciplines in order to form an objective vision of the urban past.

Town and City in Tripolitania: Studies in Origins and Development 1969–1989

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Post War ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

The manifest achievement of the colonial epoch in the Maghreb was the clearance and, in places, restoration of the great archaeological heritage that awaited investigation in North Africa. To the near exclusion of other themes such as agriculture and the economy, the images of magnificent classical ruins have sprung from the pages of many books, and for better or worse, shaped the mentality of the previous generation and also of that which followed after the Second World War.Nowhere was this more true than the great coastal cities of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, unearthed and re-erected on a tide of pre-war cultural imperatives. To some extent the wealth of outstandingly well preserved urban remains (associated with an abundance of epigraphic evidence) at the time militated against the refinement of research objectives. It fell to archaeologists working in the colonial twilight of the post-war period, first, to assay the publication backlog and, second, to deepen the level of investigation along lines that were becoming familiar elsewhere through the increasingly sophisticated stratigraphic analysis of urban sites.In the post-war years the first strand saw, for example, the final publication of the Severan harbour and the market at Lepcis Magna (Degrassi 1951, Bartoccini 1958; for the city as a whole see Bianchi Bandinelli et al. 1966 and Squarciapino 1966); and this continues today with the publication of the work of Kenyon and Ward-Perkins (Kenrick 1986) and various Italian teams (Joly and Tomasello 1984) at Sabratha and at Lepcis (Caputo 1987; Ward-Perkins 1989). The Kenyon and Ward-Perkins excavation at Sabratha, with its sophisticated stratigraphic methods, marked a significant movement into the second area of increasingly searching analysis of archaeological sequences on multi-period sites. For a variety of reasons — logistical, financial and methodological — archaeological investigation effectively remained at that level until 1969, the starting point for this survey of the emporia and the less well-known towns of Tripolitania.

scholarly journals Citystats and the History of Community and Segregation in Post-Second World War Urban Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Jordan Stanger-Ross
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article introduces an open access website—citystats.uvic.ca —designed to facilitate historical scholarship on ethnicity in post-Second World War Canada. Citystats offers access to two sociological measures of urban residential patterns, D and P*, applying the measures to the ethnic origins variables in the Canadian census for all urban areas since 1961. D, the index of dissimilarity, is the most common gauge of urban residential patterns, describing the extent to which ethnic groups are evenly (or unevenly) distributed across the city. P*, a measurement of the exposure of groups to one another, provides historians with a summary of the everyday surroundings of urban residents. The article explains the measures and highlights some puzzling patterns in the history of urban Canada, especially the segregation of Jewish Canadians and the relative integration of Aboriginal people. Just as scholars might be expected to know (at least approximately) the number of people comprising the group that they intend to study, they should also, I argue, be aware of their distribution across urban space and their exposure to other urbanites.

Anti-Semitism and Urban Development in France in the Second World War: The Case of Îlot 16 in Paris

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABELLE BACKOUCHE ◽  
SARAH GENSBURGER
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Second World War ◽  
City Council ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

AbstractExamining an ordinary town-planning decision made during an extraordinary period, this article highlights the interaction between the local urban redevelopment policy and the state policy of racial persecution in 1941. However, it argues that this interaction was far more complex than the implementation of an anti-Semitic ideology by two separate administrations to which it is usually reduced. Instead of trying to assess the ‘reality’ of the ‘representation’ of the housing area (îlot) as a ‘Jewish quarter’ the article takes as fact the notion that representations are realities, and vice versa, and attempts to understand if, and by what mechanisms, an ethno-religious characterisation of the îlot played a role in the redevelopment operations under consideration here.In 1921 a memo from the Seine prefecture had been presented to the city council, identifying seventeen insanitary îlots in Paris as having above-average mortality rates from tuberculosis. These îlots were to be razed to the ground and rebuilt. The sixteenth îlot on the list was located in the southern section of the fourth arrondissement. This ‘îlot 16’ was apparently known as an area where the majority of its inhabitants were foreign Jews. In October 1941, when the persecution of the Jews was at its height, the Seine prefecture began a massive redevelopment of this urban space. The issue of areas of bad housing had been nagging at officials since the beginning of the century: but how are the actions of the Seine prefecture to be explained from 1941 onwards? Why, during the Second World War, were city officials so determined to prioritise, indeed to focus exclusively on, îlot 16? Why was it that a Paris construction project of a scale not seen since Baron Haussmann's time was planned at this point, when the actors themselves described the economic and political situation as unfavourable?

scholarly journals NEW AESTHETICS OF THE CITY – DESIGN OF CYCLISTS TRAFFIC SIGNS

Transport ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Stanić ◽  
Darko Vujin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Big City ◽  
City Network ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

In a number of towns and cities worldwide development programmes have been initiated to provide designated bike surfaces reserved for the movement of cyclists along city network. There has been an increase in the use of a bicycle as a regular means of personal transport, particularly in recent years when technical solutions and modern materials have allowed more active use of bicycles in big cities. Judging from the perspective of bicycles, Belgrade has undergone several significant changes. In the period preceding the Second World War the number of bicycles in the city (area of which used to be much smaller than today) was considerable, particularly in relation to vehicles. In the following periods, the development of the city has gradually pushed bicycles towards outskirts. Today bicycles are mostly used for recreation purposes. In this process special signalization addressed to cyclists has been mainly neglected. So‐called standard info‐solutions, essentially addressed to drivers, were applied. New aesthetics of the city, as one of possible ideas of the urban space re‐engineering, is based also on the introduction of “Zones 20” 20 mph (30 km/h) zones as well as on more active use of bicycles. In addition, both mentioned measures increase ecological quality of life in the city. A new concept of info‐system addressed to cyclists moving in a street network of a big city (Case Study of Belgrade, 2004) is presented in this paper.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF PERMANENCES IN URBAN LANDSCAPE. PLAN FOR SAINT-DIÉ 1945–46

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Fabiola Gorgeri
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Urban Scene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

The relationship between new and existing in urban design is considered by Le Corbusier an opportunity for poetic composition through sequences of visual frames. The public space constitutes the connective tissue and the measure of perceived distance. The buildings are curtains and visual horizons in the territory: they can define the space in which the collective urban scene takes place. Project of soil and perceptive paths allow a paratactical composition of pieces, assembled according to the calibrated balance of spatial proportion; organic dynamicity of the nature and geometric sign refer both to the physical location of the settlement and baggage of historical references culturally shared. From the forties and after Second World War, the urban projects focus more on the consolidated city, or fragments of it, seeking a line of historical continuity with pre-existing environment. There are three kinds of permanences: the geographical aspects, the historical aspects derived from the specific territory and the cultural mnemonic references. So, the plan for Saint-Dié is an expressive example where the city is designed adding analogous shapes: a landscape, an atmosphere, where buildings and environmentterritory resonate mutually.

Jozef Duysans gevecht met den engel. Schermutselingen rond het graf van Paul Van Ostaijen

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-328
Author(s):  
Armand Van Nimmen
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Nineteen Thirties ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Original Idea ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Deze bijdrage handelt over de perikelen in de jaren dertig rond het plan om het lichamelijk overschot van de Vlaamse dichter Paul Van Ostaijen over te brengen uit het klein Waals dorp waar hij in vergetelheid begraven lag onder een houten kruis naar zijn geboortestad Antwerpen. Daar zou hij herbegraven worden op de stedelijke begraafplaats Schoonselhof onder een gepaste denksteen. Zoals meermaals het geval is bij het oprichten van publieke monumenten, verliepen – wegens onderling gekibbel en gebrek aan financiële middelen – meer dan zes jaren vooraleer de oorspronkelijke idee kon verwezenlijkt worden.Aandacht in dit artikel gaat naar Jozef Duysan, bewonderaar van de dichter en uitgesproken flamingant, die een cruciale rol speelde in de conceptie en uitvoering van het initiatief. Ten slotte beschrijft het artikel hoe deze nu bijna totaal vergeten man tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog in het vaarwater geraakte van de collaboratie, fungeerde als directeur van het Arbeidsamt in Antwerpen, na de oorlog veroordeeld werd en jaren lang ondergedoken leefde in die stad.________Jozef Duysan’s battle with the angel: Skirmishes around the tomb of Paul Van OstaijenThis contribution reports the vicissitudes concerning the plan dating from the nineteen thirties to transfer the mortal remains of the Flemish poet Paul Van Ostaijen from the small Walloon village where he was buried in oblivion under a wooden cross to Antwerp, the city of his birth. He was to be reburied there on the municipal cemetery Schoonselhof under a fitting memorial headstone. As frequently happens on the occasion of creating public monuments, more than six years passed before the original idea could be carried out – because of internal bickering and lack of financial means. This article focuses on Jozef Duysan, an admirer of the poet and an explicit Flemish militant, who played a crucial role in the concept and realisation of the initiative. In conclusion the article recounts how this man who has been practically completely forgotten now,  ventured into the deep waters of the collaboration during the Second World War, how he acted as director of the Arbeidsamt in Antwerp and how he was convicted after the war and lived for many years in hiding in that city.

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