Luigi Luzzatti and the making of the Italian monetary system

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Stefano Solari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Double Deficit

After unification (1861) Italy had to face a badly integrated and oddly struc-tured financial system as well as some fragmented or lacking institutions. The fi-nancial position of the country was characterised by double deficit in public and external balance. That caused several monetary and financial difficulties. In par-ticular, monetary and banking institutions had to be step-by-step integrated and reorganised to support economic development in this new economic space. Luigi Luzzatti has been one of the main protagonists of this process of institution build-ing. Besides his commitment with trade tariff negotiation and a variety of initiative in industry and environmental protection, he dedicated a wide effort to monetary institutions. He was one of the main supporters of the "Latin Monetary Union", which lasted from 1865 to 1928 and contributed to reforms dealing with the prob-lem of the plurality of emission banks and of their control. Luzzatti also engaged in the development of "popular banks" to contribute to the structuring of the credit system from the bottom.

scholarly journals Research on the Development of City Financial Systems under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Jilu Liu ◽  
Qiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The City

The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy can provide a better solution for problems such as the “three rural” development limitations and the imbalance of urban and rural economic development as it is the key to comprehensive building of a well-off society. Based on Linhai City’s finance status, this article analyzes the financial needs of the city for a better economic development under the rural revitalization strategy which prioritizes the policy of building a city financial system. The city’s financial system should be organized in a multi-level stucture for better economic development. This will improve the credit system of villages and towns, strengthen agricultural product innovation financially, and improve the finances of rural residents.

The Environmental Protection Consciousness and Countermeasures

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Pin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Environmental Concepts ◽  
Environment Sustainability ◽  
Development And Environment

There are various signs indicating that the Earth's natural environment is changing toward unfavorable direction for species, which is highly suspected to be connected with human activities. In the last century, people all over the world have realized the severity of environmental issues. In the long history, Chinese ancient had already development good rules and methods to reach balance between economic development and environment sustainability. This paper will discuss how environmental concepts forms and which methods could be applied in the future.

Currency Internationalization and Reforms in the Architecture of the Monetary System: the case of Digital Yuan

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ji ◽  
George Abuselidze ◽  
Valeriia Lymar
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Global Financial System

In the paper, the authors prove that the application of the Chinese currency in the less developed regions reveals that the Chinese Yuan, despite its limited turnover, can replace the national currency. The following positive and negative results on the global financial system are highlighted promoting the internationalization of the digital Yuan: ensuring and unlimited transparency of the government and visibility of internal financial transactions; transparency of all offshore financial transactions within a country as well as of non-resident users; providing a framework for the global financial system and controlling the monetary policies of regional economies that have actively adopted the Yuan. The paper analyses that the strategy of the Yuan internationalization was implemented through the mechanism of the currency swap agreements with central banks of different countries, respectively, the growing international application of the Yuan gradually stimulated the creation of the „Yuan zone". It is proved that the Yuan internationalization has become a part of the state strategy of the Chinese government in transition to a new type of economic growth, so the digital Yuan should eventually replace cash and will become the main innovation in the global financial system since the appearance of digital currency. According to the conducted research, it is shown that the main technology of the state digital currency of China accommodates security technology, transaction technology, and reliable guarantee technology. The system of Digital Currency, Electronic Payment - DCEP includes a digital currency tracking method system and a digital currency management system based on certain conditions. Launch conditions include terms of economic conditions, interest rate terms of the loan, the terms of the subject flow, and time conditions.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
E. A. KORCHAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Dominant Direction ◽  
Integrated Structures

The purpose of the study was to analyze the structure of the economic space of the Russian Arctic within the framework of determining the prospects for the economic development of the Arctic regions. The unevenness of the economic space of the Russian Arctic and the focus on the extraction and export of natural resources are determined. It is revealed that vertically integrated structures play a key role in the Russian Arctic. It is determined that the specific feature of this region is the ethnoeconomics, the long-term development of which is the dominant direction of the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Russian Arctic.

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