scholarly journals The effectiveness of ozone therapy in goats with mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
S. Y. Fedorenko ◽  
O. V. Onyshchenko ◽  
А. М. Pasternak ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Drugs

One of the key issues in solving the problem of mastitis is the therapy efficacy. It is important to find such treatments for animals that, along with pronounced antibacterial and other therapeutic properties, have no negative effects. Therefore, the aim of the work was to develop a method for treating goats with mastitis using ozonized materials – highly effective, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective drugs that have a positive effect on animal’s body and have no side effects. The treatment was carried out with a targeted program motivated by the principle of drug action. The item of the program «Antibiotic therapy» has been replaced by the use of ozone-containing preparations «OKO» (ozonated corn oil) and «Prozon» (ozonated corn oil + alcohol solution of propolis). It was found that for the treatment of goats using «Мastilex», the effectiveness of the therapy was 86.7%, its duration was 5.2 days, and the cost per animal was 55.38 UAH. When using «OKO» treatment efficacy was at the same level – 86.7%, its duration - longer by 0.4 days, and the cost of treating one animal was lower by 31.88 UAH. The use of «Prozon» made it possible to obtain a higher efficiency of treatment – 93.3%, to reduce its duration by 0.6 days and the cost per animal – by 31.3 UAH. The use of «Prozon» with ultraphonophoresis, provided a high therapeutic effect – at the level of 93.3%, a decrease in the duration of treatment – up to 3.7 days and the cost of treating one animal – up to 25.18 UAH. Thus, ozone therapy is becoming increasingly common in veterinary practice, including reproductive pathologies and, in particular, for the treatment of animals with mastitis. Ozone does not affect the quality of livestock products and therefore is safe for humans. Hence, the use of ozone makes it possible to replace antibiotics in the treatment plan of goats with mastitis without reducing the therapeutic and cost-effectiveness and can be recommended for practice.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Peresepan Terapi Bronkopneumonia Anak di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Bangkalan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa ◽  
Fitria Dewi Yunitasari ◽  
Nisa Dwi Ratnadi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
National Formulary ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Drugs

ABSTRAKBronkopneumonia adalah salah satu manifestasi klinik dari pneumonia yang paling sering muncul pada anak. Obat yang diresepkan seringkali mengkombinasikan antibiotik dengan obat-obat simtomatis dan tidak sedikit yang berupa polifarmasi. Peresepan polifarmasi berpotensi pada kurang efisiennya pengobatan. Peresepan yang kurang efisien akan berakibat pada efektivitas dan keamanan terapi, eksaserbasi atau perpanjangan gejala dan penyakit, serta tingkat keamanan pada pasien, serta peningkatan biaya terapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi peresepan terapi bronkopneumonia pada anak. Studi observasional secara retrospektif dilakukan pada peresepan bronkopneumonia anak usia 0-14 tahun di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan, Indonesia selama tahun 2016. Evaluasi peresepan mengacu pada WHO prescribing indicator yang terdiri dari 5 poin. Hasil evaluasi pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah obat yang diresepkan adalah 4,60 item per kunjungan, obat generik diresepkan sebanyak 53,88%, antibiotik sebesar 69,31%, obat injeksi sebesar 0,99%, dan obat dalam Formularium Nasional tahun 2017 sebesar 48,28% dalam satu tahun periode peresepan. Sehingga, terdapat empat indikator yang belum sesuai dengan yang ditentukan WHO. Walaupun pemberian antibiotik sangat disarankan pada terapi bronkopneumonia, peresepan antibiotik masih memerlukan evaluasi lebih lanjut terkait rasionalitasnya. Selain itu, rendahnya peresepan berdasarkan Formularium Nasional tahun 2017 menunjukkan masih relatif rendahnya optimasi penggunaan obat yang cost-effective menurut kebijakan nasional.Kata kunci: Bronkopneumonia, Peresepan, Rawat Jalan.ABSTRACTBronchopneumonia is one of pneumonia manifestations commonly occur in children.The treatments usually combine antibiotics and symptomatic drugs in the form of polypharmacy.Polypharmacy can leads to inefficient treatmentsthat can cause ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress, harm to the patient and increasing the cost therapy.The aim of the study was to evaluate the prescribing for bronchopneumonia treatment in children. A retrospective observational study was conducted on prescriptions written for children with bronchopneumonia age 0-14 y.o in outpatient departement of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan, Indonesia during 2016.WHO prescribing indicators was used to evaluate the prescribing. The result showed that the average number of medicine per encounter was 4.60 items, including medicine prescribed by generic name was 53.88%, antibiotics prescribed was 69.31%, injection prescribed was 0.99%, and medicines prescribed from National Formulary 2017 was 48.28%. Hence, there were four indicators found to be innapproppriate to WHO recomendation. Although antibiotics are highly recommended in bronchopneumonia, the usage of antibiotics still need an assessment related to its rationality. In addition, low percentage of medicines National Formulary showed low usage of cost-effective drugs based on the goverments policy.Keywords: Bronchopneumonia, Prescribing, Outpatients.

scholarly journals THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPOSABLE DIAPERS WASTE AS PARTITION WALL PANEL IN BUILDING MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haikal Mohd Fodzi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Partition Wall ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Animal Habitat

In recent years, there have been an increasing of solid waste in Malaysia which gave negative effects towards the environments from various aspects such as human health, animal habitat, soil condition and space usage of landfill. This paper study the physical properties of disposable diapers waste which is one type of polymer as building materials. This waste is a fundamental property in reducing the cost effective materials, saving time and help increasing sustainability for the environment. The main objective of this study is to determine the density and porosity of the sample with the present of the disposable diapers waste. The presence of the waste as fillers in the mixture reduce the density of sample and create lightweight building materials.

scholarly journals Clinically Useful and Cost-Effective of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin in Treatment of Chemotherapy Induced Thrombocytopenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxian Wang ◽  
Yibing Xu ◽  
Lan Shao ◽  
Zhengbo Song ◽  
Yiping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin

Abstract BackgroundThe bone marrow suppression during chemotherapy will cause severe platelet decline in the human body, resulting in critical organ hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, the efficacy and economics of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in treating different degrees of thrombocytopenia caused by chemotherapy were analyzed. MethodsFrom January 2018 to July 2019, 233 with diagnosed lung cancer treated with the course of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. After treatment with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, they all happened thrombocytopenia and received rhTPO. We divided patients into three groups according to the level of platelet decline. Changes in blood platelet count, treatment plan and cost performance between them were analyzed. ResultsOf all the included patients, 39.5% was undergoing concurrent radiotherapy or chemotherapy; 42.9% had thrombocytopenia of grade II; 40.3% had thrombocytopenia of grade III; 16.7% had thrombocytopenia of grade IV; 52.8% postponed the next cycle of chemotherapy or radiotherapy due to platelet decline; 12.0% changed the treatment plan for malignant tumors due to severe platelet decline; 15.5% reduced the dose of chemotherapy drugs due to thrombocytopenia; 23.6% had platelet transfusions during this period. During the extended hospitalization period caused by thrombocytopenia, the medical expenses of patients would increase significantly, which was dominated by the cost of rhTPO. ConclusionsFor different degrees of thrombocytopenia, the treatment of rhTPO could increase platelet counts effectively. During the treatment, patients might have varying degrees of economic and the difference between the treatment duration of different patients.

Impact and Cost Effectiveness of Videonystagmography

2020 ◽  
pp. 000348942096887
Author(s):  
Garrett Ni ◽  
Christine Kim ◽  
Lakshmi Nair ◽  
Alexander G. Bien ◽  
Daohai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Medicare Reimbursement ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Vestibular Symptoms ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Videonystagmography (VNG) is a commonly ordered test to evaluate patients with vestibular complaints. To date, there are no evidence-based guidelines for evaluating patients presenting with vestibular symptoms. This study evaluates the cost effectiveness of VNG and the impact of VNG findings on patient management. Methods: Patient charts were reviewed from 3 institutions to collect the pre- and post-VNG ICD-9/10 diagnosis and treatment plan. VNG findings were recorded to calculate the incidence of abnormal findings and the incidence of change in diagnosis and/or treatment plan. The cost effectiveness of VNG was estimated based on these calculations. Results: A total of 120 patient charts were reviewed. 69/120 (57.5%; 95% CI: 48.2%-66.5%) patients had abnormal findings on their VNG. A change in diagnosis was noted in 24/120 (20.0%; 95% CI: 13.3%-28.3%) patients. A change in treatment plan was noted in 62/120 (51.7%; 95% CI: 42.4%-60.9%) patients, and 11/120 (9.2%; 95% CI: 4.7%-15.8%) had a change in diagnosis that led to change in treatment plan. Using the average Medicare reimbursement for VNG, the cost effectiveness analysis showed a cost of $869.57 per VNG with abnormal findings and a cost of $5454.55 per VNG that lead to a change in diagnosis and treatment plan. Conclusions: VNG findings may not result in changes in clinical diagnosis. However, VNG is impactful at influencing treatment plan changes. VNG results are beneficial for counseling patients, guiding treatment plans, and managing patient expectations. When there is a clear indication, VNG testing can be cost effective in managing patients presenting with vestibular symptoms.

Valuation of Mangrove Restoration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Mangrove Restoration ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Restoration Failure ◽  
The Cost

Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, there has been strong interest globally in restoring mangrove ecosystems and their potential benefits from protecting coastlines and people from damaging storms. However, the net economic gains from mangrove restoration have been variable; there have been some notable project successes but also some prominent failures. There is also an ongoing debate over whether or not the cost of mangrove restoration is justified by the benefits these ecosystems provide. Although the high costs of mangrove restoration and the risk of failure have led to criticism of such schemes, perhaps the more pertinent concern should be whether the ex post option of restoration is economically beneficial compared to preventing irreversible mangrove conversion to alternative land uses. Case studies on mangrove valuation from Brazil and Thailand illustrate the key issues underlying this concern. Since much recent mangrove restoration has been motivated by the trees’ potential storm-protection benefit, a number of studies have valued mangroves for this purpose. However, mangroves are also valued for other important benefits, such as providing collected products for local coastal communities and serving as nursery and breeding grounds for off-shore fisheries. The implications of these benefits for mangrove restoration can be significant. It is also important to understand the appropriate use of benefit transfer when it is difficult to value restored mangroves, methods to incorporate the potential risk of mangrove restoration failure, and assessment of cost-effective mangrove restoration.

scholarly journals Markov Models for Economic Evaluation in Osteoporosis Treatment

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 2331
Author(s):  
Marta Osca-Guadalajara ◽  
Javier Díaz-Carnicero ◽  
Silvia González-de-Julián ◽  
David Vivas-Consuelo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The Cost

Osteoporosis is frequent in elderly people, causing bone fractures and lowering their quality of life. The costs incurred by these fractures constitute a problem for public health. Markov chains were used to carry out an incremental cost-utility analysis of the four main drugs used in Spain to treat osteoporosis (alendronate, risedronate, denosumab and teriparatide). We considered 14 clinical transition states, from starting osteoporotic treatment at the age of 50 until death or the age of 100. Cost-effectiveness was measured by quality adjusted life years (QALYs). The values used in the Markov model were obtained from the literature. Teriparatide is the cost-effective alternative in the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with fractures from the age of 50, establishing a payment threshold of 20,000 EUR/QALY. However, it is the most expensive therapy, not appearing cost-effective in cases that do not present fracture and in ages over 80 years with fracture. Alendronate and denosumab therapies are presented as cost-effective osteoporosis treatment alternatives depending on the age of onset and duration of treatment. From the perspective of cost-effectiveness, establishing a payment threshold of 20,000 EUR/QALY, teriparatide is the cost-effective alternative in patients with fracture from the age of 50 to 70 years old in Spain.

scholarly journals Optimized expression of a hyperthermostable endoglucanase from Pyrococcus horikoshii in Arabidopsis thaliana

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2812-2826
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Geng ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Yanfang Wu ◽  
Yongli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pyrococcus Horikoshii ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Manufacturing microbial cellulase in plants is an attractive strategy for the cost-effective production of cellulosic ethanol, especially the expression of thermostable cellulase, which causes no negative effects on plant growth and development. The beta-1,4-endogenous cellulase from Pyrococcus horikoshii (EGPh) is considered one of the most promising glycosyl hydrolase in the biofuel and textile industry for its hyperthermostability and its capability to hydrolyze crystalline celluloses, which has been researched extensively during recent years. In this study, the coding sequence of EGPh was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of a CaMV35S promoter after codon optimization, with the addition of a eukaryotic Kozak sequence. The expression of EGPh caused no deleterious effects to the growth and development of transgenic A. thaliana. The heterologous EGPh showed relatively high activities, up to 111.69 and 13.35 U.mg-1 total soluble protein against soluble cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and insoluble microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), respectively. The subcellular localization analysis showed that the EGPh protein was targeted to the plasma membrane and cell wall. Based on these results, it is proposed that EGPh is an ideal candidate for the commercial production of hyperthermostable endoglucanase using plants as biofactories.

scholarly journals The cost–effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin in Type 2 diabetes in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars H Ehlers ◽  
Mark Lamotte ◽  
Mafalda C Ramos ◽  
Susanne Sandgaard ◽  
Pia Holmgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Aim: To evaluate the cost–effectiveness of oral semaglutide+metformin versus empagliflozin+metformin in people with Type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on msetformin alone. Materials and methods: The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model was populated with efficacy data from a head-to-head study between oral semaglutide+metformin and empagliflozin+metformin. Danish costs and quality-of-life data were sourced from literature. Price per day was Danish Krone (DKK) 25.53 for oral semaglutide and DKK11.40 for empagliflozin. Discounting was fixed at 4%. Scenario and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Over a lifetime, Core Diabetes Model projected 8.78 and 8.75 quality-adjusted life-years and a total cost of DKK 447,633 and DKK 387,786; thereby, generating an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of DKK 1,930,548 for oral semaglutide+metformin versus empagliflozin+metformin. Scenario and sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the outcomes. Duration of treatment with oral semaglutide is the key driver of the analyses. Conclusion: Oral semaglutide+metformin seems not cost-effective versus empagliflozin+metformin in patients uncontrolled on metformin in Denmark.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

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