scholarly journals Evaluasi Peresepan Terapi Bronkopneumonia Anak di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Bangkalan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa ◽  
Fitria Dewi Yunitasari ◽  
Nisa Dwi Ratnadi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
National Formulary ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Drugs

ABSTRAKBronkopneumonia adalah salah satu manifestasi klinik dari pneumonia yang paling sering muncul pada anak. Obat yang diresepkan seringkali mengkombinasikan antibiotik dengan obat-obat simtomatis dan tidak sedikit yang berupa polifarmasi. Peresepan polifarmasi berpotensi pada kurang efisiennya pengobatan. Peresepan yang kurang efisien akan berakibat pada efektivitas dan keamanan terapi, eksaserbasi atau perpanjangan gejala dan penyakit, serta tingkat keamanan pada pasien, serta peningkatan biaya terapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi peresepan terapi bronkopneumonia pada anak. Studi observasional secara retrospektif dilakukan pada peresepan bronkopneumonia anak usia 0-14 tahun di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan, Indonesia selama tahun 2016. Evaluasi peresepan mengacu pada WHO prescribing indicator yang terdiri dari 5 poin. Hasil evaluasi pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah obat yang diresepkan adalah 4,60 item per kunjungan, obat generik diresepkan sebanyak 53,88%, antibiotik sebesar 69,31%, obat injeksi sebesar 0,99%, dan obat dalam Formularium Nasional tahun 2017 sebesar 48,28% dalam satu tahun periode peresepan. Sehingga, terdapat empat indikator yang belum sesuai dengan yang ditentukan WHO. Walaupun pemberian antibiotik sangat disarankan pada terapi bronkopneumonia, peresepan antibiotik masih memerlukan evaluasi lebih lanjut terkait rasionalitasnya. Selain itu, rendahnya peresepan berdasarkan Formularium Nasional tahun 2017 menunjukkan masih relatif rendahnya optimasi penggunaan obat yang cost-effective menurut kebijakan nasional.Kata kunci: Bronkopneumonia, Peresepan, Rawat Jalan.ABSTRACTBronchopneumonia is one of pneumonia manifestations commonly occur in children.The treatments usually combine antibiotics and symptomatic drugs in the form of polypharmacy.Polypharmacy can leads to inefficient treatmentsthat can cause ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress, harm to the patient and increasing the cost therapy.The aim of the study was to evaluate the prescribing for bronchopneumonia treatment in children. A retrospective observational study was conducted on prescriptions written for children with bronchopneumonia age 0-14 y.o in outpatient departement of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan, Indonesia during 2016.WHO prescribing indicators was used to evaluate the prescribing. The result showed that the average number of medicine per encounter was 4.60 items, including medicine prescribed by generic name was 53.88%, antibiotics prescribed was 69.31%, injection prescribed was 0.99%, and medicines prescribed from National Formulary 2017 was 48.28%. Hence, there were four indicators found to be innapproppriate to WHO recomendation. Although antibiotics are highly recommended in bronchopneumonia, the usage of antibiotics still need an assessment related to its rationality. In addition, low percentage of medicines National Formulary showed low usage of cost-effective drugs based on the goverments policy.Keywords: Bronchopneumonia, Prescribing, Outpatients.

scholarly journals Brief interventions for obesity when patients are asked to pay for weight loss treatment: an observational study in primary care with an embedded randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (694) ◽  
pp. e348-e355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tudor ◽  
Susan A Jebb ◽  
Indrani Manoharan ◽  
Paul Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Weight Loss Programme ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundA brief intervention whereby GPs opportunistically facilitate an NHS-funded referral to a weight loss programme is clinically and cost-effective.AimTo test the acceptability of a brief intervention and attendance at a weight loss programme when GPs facilitate a referral that requires patients to pay for the service.Design and settingAn observational study of the effect of a GP encouraging attendance at a weight loss programme requiring self-payment in the West Midlands from 16 October 2018 to 30 November 2018, to compare with a previous trial in England in which the service was NHS-funded.MethodSixty patients with obesity who consecutively attended primary care appointments received an opportunistic brief intervention by a GP to endorse and offer a referral to a weight loss programme at the patient’s own expense. Participants were randomised to GPs who either stated the weekly monetary cost of the programme (basic cost) or who compared the weekly cost to an everyday discretionary item (cost comparison). Participants were subsequently asked to report whether they had attended a weight loss programme.ResultsOverall, 47% of participants (n = 28) accepted the referral; 50% (n = 15) in the basic cost group and 43% (n = 13) in the cost comparison group. This was significantly less than in a previous study when the programme was NHS-funded (77%, n = 722/940; P<0.0001). Most participants reported the intervention to be helpful/very helpful and appropriate/very appropriate (78%, n = 46/59 and 85%, n = 50/59, respectively) but scores were significantly lower than when the programme was NHS-funded (92% n = 851/922 and 88% n = 813/922, respectively; P = 0.004). One person (2%) attended the weight loss programme, which is significantly lower than the 40% of participants who attended when the programme was NHS-funded (P<0.0001).ConclusionGP referral to a weight loss programme that requires patients to pay rather than offering an NHS-funded programme is acceptable; however, it results in almost no attendance.

scholarly journals Assessment of prescription pattern using WHO drug prescribing indicators in medicine wards of a tertiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra P. Bachewar ◽  
Sachin R. Choudhari ◽  
Sujata Dudhgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching

Background: Rational prescribing is an essential skill for every prescriber. However many times it seems a difficult task for various reasons. Such practices ultimately increase the mortality, morbidity and financial burden on the patient. Hence, we aimed our study to evaluate appropriateness of prescription pattern according to WHO drug prescribing indicators, few complementary indicators and classify prescription errors.Methods: A retrospective observational study, conducted in medical record section of tertiary care teaching hospital of Maharashtra during the period of 6 months. Total 400 randomly selected prescriptions from Medicine inpatient wards were scrutinized.Results: Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.20 trending towards polypharmacy. Drugs prescribed by generic name were 13.88%, injectable drugs were part of 93.50% prescriptions, 78.25% prescriptions contained an antimicrobial agent and Percentage of drugs prescribed from NELM 2011 was 72.36%. Illegible handwriting in 68% cases was the important cause of prescription errors. These errors found in 73% of prescriptions.Conclusions: The present study showed that the practices were trending towards irrational prescribing. Polypharmacy and illegible prescriptions were dominated. Regular prescription audit will help to rectify such practices. Also, there is an urgent need of sensitization of prescriber through new treatment guidelines, seminar, presentations and discussions on regular basis.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of ozone therapy in goats with mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
S. Y. Fedorenko ◽  
O. V. Onyshchenko ◽  
А. М. Pasternak ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Drugs

One of the key issues in solving the problem of mastitis is the therapy efficacy. It is important to find such treatments for animals that, along with pronounced antibacterial and other therapeutic properties, have no negative effects. Therefore, the aim of the work was to develop a method for treating goats with mastitis using ozonized materials – highly effective, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective drugs that have a positive effect on animal’s body and have no side effects. The treatment was carried out with a targeted program motivated by the principle of drug action. The item of the program «Antibiotic therapy» has been replaced by the use of ozone-containing preparations «OKO» (ozonated corn oil) and «Prozon» (ozonated corn oil + alcohol solution of propolis). It was found that for the treatment of goats using «Мastilex», the effectiveness of the therapy was 86.7%, its duration was 5.2 days, and the cost per animal was 55.38 UAH. When using «OKO» treatment efficacy was at the same level – 86.7%, its duration - longer by 0.4 days, and the cost of treating one animal was lower by 31.88 UAH. The use of «Prozon» made it possible to obtain a higher efficiency of treatment – 93.3%, to reduce its duration by 0.6 days and the cost per animal – by 31.3 UAH. The use of «Prozon» with ultraphonophoresis, provided a high therapeutic effect – at the level of 93.3%, a decrease in the duration of treatment – up to 3.7 days and the cost of treating one animal – up to 25.18 UAH. Thus, ozone therapy is becoming increasingly common in veterinary practice, including reproductive pathologies and, in particular, for the treatment of animals with mastitis. Ozone does not affect the quality of livestock products and therefore is safe for humans. Hence, the use of ozone makes it possible to replace antibiotics in the treatment plan of goats with mastitis without reducing the therapeutic and cost-effectiveness and can be recommended for practice.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Hemmkörperentwicklung bei Hämophilie-Patienten nach Präparate wechsel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kocher ◽  
G. Asmelash ◽  
V. Makki ◽  
S. Müller ◽  
S. Krekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryThe retrospective observational study surveys the relationship between development of inhibitors in the treatment of haemophilia patients and risk factors such as changing FVIII products. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, 198 changes of FVIII products were evaluated. Results: During the observation period of 12 months none of the patients developed an inhibitor, which was temporally associated with a change of FVIII products. A frequent change of FVIII products didn’t lead to an increase in inhibitor risk. The change between plasmatic and recombinant preparations could not be confirmed as a risk factor. Furthermore, no correlation between treatment regimens, severity, patient age and comorbidities of the patients could be found.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

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