scholarly journals EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION EFFECT ON COMBUSTION AND EMITTED NOX IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE USING HIGH OCTANE NUMBER FUEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Noor Hassan ◽  
Adel M Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Octane

Pollutants emitted from internal combustion engines cause significant environmental pollution, and the reduction of these pollutants is the goal of all. The deterioration of air quality is increasing year after year due to increasing the population and cars and low awareness of pollution reduction. In this study, the impact of recycling of exhaust gas in a spark ignition engine was tested on the NOx emitted from it, which is considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutant. The results of the study showed that the brake specific fuel consumption increases by increasing the amount of the EGR interning the engine, also the brake thermal efficiency increases and the volumetric efficiency decreases with this increase. The NOx concentrations emitted are significantly reduced when high rates of EGR (15% and 20%) are added. The use of high octane fuel RON94.5 has helped to reduce the expected EGR damage, such as greater reduction in the specific fuel consumption, or a greater reduction in the volumetric efficiency.

EGR Effect On Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Blend of Methanol-Gasoline

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-92
Author(s):  
Miqdam Tariq Chaichan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Spark Timing

This paper examines the results of performance of a single cylinder spark-   ignition engine fuelled with 20% methanol +80% gasoline (M20), compared to gasoline. The experiments were conducted at stoichiometric air–fuel ratio at wide open throttle and variable speed conditions, over the range of 1000 to 2600 rpm. The tests were conducted at higher useful compression ratio using optimum spark timings and adding recirculated exhaust gas with 20% to suction manifold. The test results show that the higher compression ratio for the tested gasoline was 7:1, 9.5:1 for M20 and 9:1 for M20 with added EGR. M20 at higher useful compression ratio (HUCR) and optimum spark timing (OST) characteristics are significantly different from gasoline. Within the tested speed range, M20 consistently produces higher brake thermal efficiency by about 6%. Also it resulted in approximately 3.06% lower brake specific fuel consumption compared with gasoline. Adding EGR to M20 caused reduction in HUCR and advancing the OST. This addition increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), reduced brake thermal energy, volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine with Recirculation of Hot and Cold Exhaust Gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Aritra Ganguly ◽  
Baidya Nath Murmu ◽  
Somnath Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency

An experiment has been conducted on a four-stroke, four-cylinder spark ignition engine with and without recirculation of exhaust gas for different loads at a constant speed. Two cases were considered, the first in which 10% and later 20% of the exhaust gas was directly supplied to the intake manifold at a temperature of 820°C, while in the second case the same proportions of exhaust gas were cooled in a heat-exchanger to a temperature of 210°C before supply. Engine performance parameters like brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency were evaluated under those conditions and compared with the same engine operating without recirculation. The corresponding emission characteristics of the engine were also measured using an exhaust gas analyzer which measured the amount of NOx, CO, CO2 and un-burnt HC. The performance and emissions characteristics of the engine obtained with hot and cold EGR were compared with reference to the same engine operating without EGR. The study revealed that the performance of the engine was better in terms of brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption with cold EGR compared to hot EGR. However, the emissions of CO and HC were higher with cold EGR compared to that of hot EGR.   

scholarly journals An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Mateusz Bednarski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.

The Potential of a Separated Electric Compound Spark Ignition Engine for Hybrid Vehicle Application

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Pipitone ◽  
Salvatore Caltabellotta
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Generator Unit ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Abstract In-cylinder expansion of internal combustion engines based on Diesel or Otto cycles cannot be completely brought down to ambient pressure, causing a 20% theoretical energy loss. Several systems have been implemented to recover and use this energy such as turbocharging, turbo-mechanical and turbo-electrical compounding, or the implementation of Miller Cycles. In all these cases however, the amount of energy recovered is limited allowing the engine to reach an overall efficiency incremental improvement between 4% and 9%. Implementing an adequately designed expander-generator unit could efficiently recover the unexpanded exhaust gas energy and improve efficiency. In this work, the application of the expander-generator unit to a hybrid propulsion vehicle is considered, where the onboard energy storage receives power produced by an expander-generator, which could hence be employed for vehicle propulsion through an electric drivetrain. Starting from these considerations, a simple but effective modelling approach is used to evaluate the energetic potential of a spark-ignition engine electrically supercharged and equipped with an exhaust gas expander connected to an electric generator. The overall efficiency was compared to a reference turbocharged engine within a hybrid vehicle architecture. It was found that, if adequately recovered, the unexpanded gas energy could reduce engine fuel consumption and related pollutant emissions by 4% to 12%, depending on overall power output.

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741985910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Rubio-Gómez ◽  
Lis Corral-Gómez ◽  
David Rodriguez-Rosa ◽  
Fausto A Sánchez-Cruz ◽  
Simón Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Flame Development ◽  
The Impact

In the last few years, increasing concern about the harmful effects of the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines has been observed. In addition, the limited availability of crude oil has driven the interest in alternative fuels, especially biofuels. In the context of spark ignition engines, bioalcohols are of great interest owing to their similarities and blend capacities with gasoline. Methanol and ethanol have been widely used, mainly due to their knocking resistance. Another alcohol of great interest is butanol, thanks to its potential of being produced as biofuel and its heat value closer to gasoline. In this study, a comparative study of gasoline–alcohol blend combustion, with up to 20% volume, with neat gasoline has been carried out. A single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research-type spark ignition engine has been employed. The comparison is made in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and flame development angle. Relevant information related to the impact in the combustion process of the use of the three main alcohols used in blends with gasoline has been obtained.

The Application of Artificial Neural Network in Prediction of the Performance of Spark Ignition Engine Running on Ethanol-Petrol Blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olisaemeka C. Nwufo ◽  
Modestus Okwu ◽  
Chidiebere F. Nwaiwu ◽  
Johnson O. Igbokwe ◽  
O. Martin I. Nwafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Artificial Neural

The performance analysis of a single cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with ethanol – petrol blends were carried out successfully at constant load conditions. E0 (Petrol), E10 (10% Ethanol, 90% Petrol), E20 (20% Ethanol, 80% Petrol) and E30 (30% Ethanol, 70% Petrol) were used as fuel. The Engine speed, mass flow rate, combustion efficiency, maximum pressure developed, brake specific fuel consumption and Exhaust gas temperature values were measured during the experiment. Using the experimental data, a Levenberg Marquardt Artificial Neural Network algorithm and Logistic sigmoid activation transfer function with a 4–10–2 model was developed to predict the brake specific fuel consumption, maximum pressure and combustion efficiency of G200 IMEX spark ignition engine using the recorded engine speed, mass flow rate, biofuels ratio and exhaust gas temperature as input variables. The performance of the Artificial Neural Network was validated by comparing the predicted data with the experimental results. The results showed that the training algorithm of Levenberg Marquardt was sufficient enough in predicting the brake specific fuel consumption, combustion pressure and combustion efficiency of the test engine. Correlation coefficient values of 0.974, 0.996 and 0.995 were obtained for brake specific fuel consumption, combustion efficiency and pressure respectively. These correlation coefficient obtained for the output parameters are very close to one (1) showing good correlation between the Artificial Neural Network predicted results and the experimental data while the Mean Square Errors were found to be very low (0.00018825 @ epoch 10 for brake specific fuel consumption, 1.0023 @ epoch 3 for combustion efficiency and 0.0013284@ epoch 5 for in-cylinder pressure). Therefore, Artificial Neural Network toolbox called up from MATLAB proved to be a useful tool for simulation of engine parameters. Artificial Neural Network model provided accurate analysis of these complex problems and has been found to be very useful for predicting the performance of the spark ignition engine. Thus, this has proved that Artificial Neural Network model could be used for predicting performance values in internal combustion engines, in this way it would be possible to conduct time and cost efficient studies instead of long experimental ones.

scholarly journals The impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic substances in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Mieczysław DZIUBIŃSKI ◽  
Ewa SIEMIONEK ◽  
Artur DROZD ◽  
Michał ŚCIRKA ◽  
Adam KISZCZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic subcategories in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The aim of the work was to develop an analytical model of ignition system diagnostics, test performance and comparative analysis of the results of simulations and experiments. The model developed allows to analyse the basic parameters of the ignition system affecting the content of toxic substances in the exhaust. Experimental tests were carried out using the MAHA MGT5 exhaust gas analyser for four different combustion engines fueled with petrol at various operating conditions. During the tests, the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gas of a properly working engine and the engine working with damage to the ignition system were registered. The tests will be used to assess the impact of the damage of the spark-ignition engine on the emission of individual components of toxic fumes.

scholarly journals Effect of Cylinder-by-Cylinder Variation on Performance and Gaseous Emissions of a PFI Spark Ignition Engine: Experimental and 1D Numerical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6035
Author(s):  
Luigi Teodosio ◽  
Luca Marchitto ◽  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Fabio Bozza ◽  
Gerardo Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Combustion stability, engine efficiency and emissions in a multi-cylinder spark-ignition internal combustion engines can be improved through the advanced control and optimization of individual cylinder operation. In this work, experimental and numerical analyses were carried out on a twin-cylinder turbocharged port fuel injection (PFI) spark-ignition engine to evaluate the influence of cylinder-by-cylinder variation on performance and pollutant emissions. In a first stage, experimental tests are performed on the engine at different speed/load points and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, covering operating conditions typical of Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). Measurements highlighted relevant differences in combustion evolution between cylinders, mainly due to non-uniform effective in-cylinder air/fuel ratio. Experimental data are utilized to validate a one-dimensional (1D) engine model, enhanced with user-defined sub-models of turbulence, combustion, heat transfer and noxious emissions. The model shows a satisfactory accuracy in reproducing the combustion evolution in each cylinder and the temperature of exhaust gases at turbine inlet. The pollutant species (HC, CO and NOx) predicted by the model show a good agreement with the ones measured at engine exhaust. Furthermore, the impact of cylinder-by-cylinder variation on gaseous emissions is also satisfactorily reproduced. The novel contribution of present work mainly consists in the extended numerical/experimental analysis on the effects of cylinder-by-cylinder variation on performance and emissions of spark-ignition engines. The proposed numerical methodology represents a valuable tool to support the engine design and calibration, with the aim to improve both performance and emissions.

Effects of Temperature Distribution on Operational Parameters of a Spark Ignition Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Alin Girbaci ◽  
Iulian Agape ◽  
Lidia Gaiginschi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In recent years, automobile manufactures have been required to meet stringent fuel consumption specification. An important factor with regard to this problem is the operating temperature and its effect on functional parameters. In this paper, the effect of heat transfer on the various parameters such as inlet mixture temperature, compression ratio, exhaust gas, fuel consumption, lubrication oil of a spark ignition engine is studied. A number of studies have been reported which dealt with the thermal analysis of the structure of internal combustion engine. Because of the complexity of the problem, these analyses are approximate. Thus, to improve the accuracy of the results of the thermal analysis, we must work with experimental results prelevated from a 24 valve – 6 cylinder spark ignition engine. Included are comparisons between cooling characteristics of the water solutions with those of 100% ethylene glycol coolant.

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