scholarly journals Spatial variability of physical, chemical and biological properties of agricultural soils in Hidalgo State, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Prieto-Méndez ◽  
Francisco Prieto-García ◽  
Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval ◽  
Eliazar Aquino-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Physical Chemical

The spatial distribution of physical, chemical and biological soil, affecting crop yields, however, the spatial dependence of soil biological parameters has been little explored. A study was conducted to establish the influence on soil fertility showed spatial variations of physical, chemical and biological properties of two agricultural soils in Hidalgo State (Mexico), belonging to the order Cambisol with low clay content activity. Soils A, (with a phase-clay-sandy, shallow horizon imperfect drainage), the municipality of Apan and soil B (with a light phase and thick, with stones), the municipality of Emiliano Zapata, were sampled in a network of 10x10m at 10, 20 and 40 cm deep. Were determined by physical, chemical and biological both soils. Geostatistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 17.0. Texture, soil moisture and organic compounds changes affect the spatial distribution of the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils tested. The spatial variability of organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N increased significantly with depth in the two soils, while the bulk density showed little spatial variation.

scholarly journals Study of the spatial variability of moisture and compaction in soils with different plant covers

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Lida Paola Pinzón-Gómez ◽  
Javier Giovanni Alvarez Herrera ◽  
Andrés Mesa-Amezquita
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
High Spatial Variability

Soil is a dynamic system, with physical, chemical and biological properties that have high spatial variability, making necessary to use innovative methodologies to study this variability. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of moisture and compaction in soils with different plant covers. The study was conducted in the department of Boyaca (Co lombia), municipality of Sogamoso, Ombachita District. A total of 95 sampling points were measured as a rigid network in an area of 34.18 ha, which were georeferenced and taken as representative for the plant cover in the sampling area. The values of penetration resistance (PR) found in the soil ranged from 0.717 to 1.385 MPa, so that, as the depth increased, the PR increased, while the volumetric moisture presented an inversely proportional behavior for depth. The cover that prevailed in the study area was a mosaic of pastures and crops (MPC), at 30.1%. The moisture values were lower in the area planted with eucalyptus. The PR showed greater spatial dependence at a greater depth, while the moisture presented a moderate dependence at different depths.

Effect of Savanna windrow wood burning on the spatial variability of soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Neia Eberhardt ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame ◽  
Marc Corbeels ◽  
Osvaldo Guedes Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Nugget Effect ◽  
Tropical Savannas ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Spherical Models

ABSTRACT Tropical Savannas cover an area of approximately 1.9 billion hectares around the word and are subject to regular fires every 1 to 4 years. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of burning windrow wood from Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) deforestation on the spatial variability of soil chemical properties, in the field. The data were analysed by using geostatistical methods. The semivariograms for pH(H2O), pH(CaCl2), Ca, Mg and K were calculated according to spherical models, whereas the phosphorus showed a nugget effect. The cross semi-variograms showed correlations between pH(H2O) and pH(CaCl2) with other variables with spatial dependence (exchangeable Ca and Mg and available K). The spatial variability maps for the pH(H2O), pH(CaCl2), Ca, Mg and K concentrations also showed similar patterns of spatial variability, indicating that burning the vegetation after deforestation caused a well-defined spatial arrangement. Even after 20 years of use with agriculture, the spatial distribution of pH(H2O), pH(CaCl2), Ca, Mg and available K was affected by the wood windrow burning that took place during the initial deforestation.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil chemical properties after coffee tree removal

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Rosa Vieira ◽  
Osvaldo Guedes Filho ◽  
Márcio Koiti Chiba ◽  
Heitor Cantarella
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
Plant Removal

Assessing the spatial variability of soil chemical properties has become an important aspect of soil management strategies with a view to higher crop yields with minimal environmental degradation. This study was carried out at the Centro Experimental of the Instituto Agronomico, in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The aim was to characterize the spatial variability of chemical properties of a Rhodic Hapludox on a recently bulldozer-cleaned area after over 30 years of coffee cultivation. Soil samples were collected in a 20 x 20 m grid with 36 sampling points across a 1 ha area in the layers 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m to measure the following chemical properties: pH, organic matter, K+, P, Ca2+, Mg2+, potential acidity, NH4-N, and NO3-N. Descriptive statistics were applied to assess the central tendency and dispersion moments. Geostatistical methods were applied to evaluate and to model the spatial variability of variables by calculating semivariograms and kriging interpolation. Spatial dependence patterns defined by spherical model adjusted semivariograms were made for all cited soil properties. Moderate to strong degrees of spatial dependence were found between 31 and 60 m. It was still possible to map soil spatial variability properties in the layers 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm after plant removal with bulldozers.

Soil quality and profitability of biodynamic and conventional farming systems: A review

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Reganold
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Crop Root

AbstractBiodynamic and organic farming are similar in that both are ecologically oriented and do not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The main difference is that biodynamic farmers add eight specific amendments, called preparations, to their soils, crops, and composts. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in biodynamic farming practices and systems because they show potential for mitigating some detrimental effects of chemical-dependent conventional agriculture. Only a few studies examining biodynamic methods or comparing biodynamic farming with other farming systems have been published in the refereed scientific literature, especially in English. This paper summarizes data from previous studies, both published and unpublished (theses), that have compared biodynamic and conventional farming systems with respect to soil quality or profitability. These studies have shown that the biodynamic farming systems generally have better soil quality, lower crop yields, and equal or higher net returns per hectare than their conventional counterparts. Two studies that included organic management treatments with and without the preparations showed that the preparations improved biological soil properties and increased crop root growth. However, more research is needed to determine whether the preparations affect soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and crop growth and, if so, their mode of action.

scholarly journals Soil sampling intensity and spatial distribution pattern of soils attributes and corn yield in no-tillage system

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos S. Rodrigues ◽  
José E. Corá ◽  
Carolina Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Sampling Intensity

Taking into account that the sampling intensity of soil attributes is a determining factor for applying of concepts of precision agriculture, this study aims to determine the spatial distribution pattern of soil attributes and corn yield at four soil sampling intensities and verify how sampling intensity affects cause-effect relationship between soil attributes and corn yield. A 100-referenced point sample grid was imposed on the experimental site. Thus, each sampling cell encompassed an area of 45 m² and was composed of five 10-m long crop rows, where referenced points were considered the center of the cell. Samples were taken from at 0 to 0.1 m and 0.1 to 0.2 m depths. Soil chemical attributes and clay content were evaluated. Sampling intensities were established by initial 100-point sampling, resulting data sets of 100; 75; 50 and 25 points. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical and geostatistics analyses. The best sampling intensity to know the spatial distribution pattern was dependent on the soil attribute being studied. The attributes P and K+ content showed higher spatial variability; while the clay content, Ca2+, Mg2+ and base saturation values (V) showed lesser spatial variability. The spatial distribution pattern of clay content and V at the 100-point sampling were the ones which best explained the spatial distribution pattern of corn yield.

scholarly journals Variability of harvest loss in relation to physiological characteristics of cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42587
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Haruna Kazama ◽  
Rouverson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Franciele Morlin Carneiro ◽  
Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
Welington Gonzaga do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Lower Medium

Pearson's correlation and spatial variability are tools that can be used to help one understand the process of losses in the mechanical harvesting of cotton. Therefore, the objective of this study was to model the spatial distribution and map the losses of mechanical cotton harvest using geostatistics and to correlate the losses with agronomic variables using Pearson’s correlation. The experiment was conducted in Itiquira and Lucas do Rio Verde, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. At each sampling point, the evaluated variables were agronomic plant variables and cotton losses in the soil and the plant (divided into lower, medium and upper thirds) and the sum total of losses. The highest losses in cotton harvest occurred in the lower third and on the soil, both of which exhibit a spatial dependence model, according to geostatistics, demonstrating that they do not occur in a randomized process and are related to the specific plant. There was a relationship between the plant populations with losses in the cotton crop. The plant population can influence the spatial dependence of losses.

scholarly journals Effects of increasing hydrophobicity on the physical-chemical and biological properties of a class A amphipathic helical peptide

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Datta ◽  
Manjula Chaddha ◽  
Susan Hama ◽  
Mohamad Navab ◽  
Alan M. Fogelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Class A ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Helical Peptide

Nanobiotechnology: Nature-inspired silver nanoparticles towards green synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2198988
Author(s):  
Nur Syakirah Rabiha Rosman ◽  
Noor Aniza Harun ◽  
Izwandy Idris ◽  
Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The emergence of technology to produce nanoparticles (1 nm – 100 nm in size) has drawn significant researchers’ interests. Nanoparticles can boost the antimicrobial, catalytic, optical, and electrical conductivity properties, which cannot be achieved by their corresponding bulk. Among other noble metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attained a special emphasis in the industry due to their superior physical, chemical, and biological properties, closely linked to their shapes, sizes, and morphologies. Proper knowledge of these NPs is essential to maximise the potential of biosynthesised AgNPs in various applications while mitigating risks to humans and the environment. This paper aims to critically review the global consumption of AgNPs and compare the AgNPs synthesis between conventional methods (physical and chemical) and current trend method (biological). Related work, advantages, and drawbacks are also highlighted. Pertinently, this review extensively discusses the current application of AgNPs in various fields. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of biosynthesised AgNPs, including application safety, oxidation, and stability, commercialisation, and sustainability of resources towards a green environment, were discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial Dependence Evaluation of Agricultural Technical Efficiency—Based on the Stochastic Frontier and Spatial Econometric Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2708
Author(s):  
Ziqi Yin ◽  
Jianzhai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, through the implementation of a series of policies, such as the delimitation of major grain producing areas and the construction of advantageous and characteristic agricultural product areas, the spatial distribution of agriculture in China has changed significantly; however, research on the impact of such changes on the efficiency of agricultural technology is still lacking. Taking 11 cities in Hebei Province as the research object, this study examines the spatial dependence of regional agricultural technical efficiency using the stochastic frontier analysis and spatial econometric analysis. The results show that the improvement in agricultural technical efficiency is evident in all cities in Hebei Province from 2008 to 2017, but there is scope for further improvement. Industrial agglomeration has statistical significance in improving the efficiency of agricultural technology. Further, there is an obvious spatial correlation and difference in agricultural technical efficiency. Optimizing the spatial distribution of agricultural production, promoting the innovation, development, and application of agricultural technology, and promoting the expansion of regional elements can contribute to improving agricultural technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Lignite Fly Ash on the Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm Eisenia fetida

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarojini ◽  
S. Ananthakrishnasamy ◽  
G. Manimegala ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
G. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Fly ash is an amorphous ferroalumino silicate, an important solid waste around thermal power plants. It creates problems leading to environmental degradation due to improper utilization or disposal. However, fly ash is a useful ameliorant that may improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and is a source of readily available plant macro and micronutrients when it is used with biosolids. Supply of nutrients from fly ash with biosolids may enhance their agricultural use. The growth and reproduction ofEisenia fetidawas studied during vermicomposting of fly ash with cowdung and pressmud in four different proportions (T1,T2,T3& T4) and one controli.e.,cow dung and pressmud alone. The growth, cocoon and hatchlings production were observed at the interval of 15 days over a period of 60 days. The maximum worm growth and reproduction was observed in bedding material alone. Next to that the T1was observed as the best mixture for vermiculture.

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