scholarly journals Forbidden Zones for the Expectations of Data: New Mathematical Methods and Models for Behavioral Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Alexander Harin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Social

A forbidden zone theorem, hypothesis, and applied mathematical method and model are introduced in the present article. The method and model are based on the forbidden zones and hypothesis. The article is initiated by the well-known generic problems concerned with the mathematical description of the behavior of a man. The essence of the problems consists in biases of preferences and decisions of a man in comparison with predictions of the probability theory. The model is uniformly and successfully applied for different domains. The ultimate goal of the research is to solve some generic problems of behavioral economics, decision theories, and the social sciences.

From Politik als Beruf to Politics as a Vocation

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Borchert
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
World War ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The Social

Max Weber's 1919 lecture Politik als Beruf is still considered a classical text in the social sciences. The reception of the text in the Anglo-Saxon world has been profoundly shaped by the translation provided by Hans H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, first appearing in 1946. Their Politics as a Vocation is more than a vivid transposition of Weber's rather peculiar German rhetoric—it is rendered in a way that suggests a certain interpretation and makes others highly improbable. The present article traces the reception of Weber's text back to certain decisions made by the translators after World War II. It argues that the translation emphasized philosophical and ethical parts of the text at the expense of others that were more geared toward a political sociology of modern politics. Moreover, the adoption of Weber's approach in empirical research was hindered if not foreclosed by a distorted presentation of his key typologies and some central concepts.

scholarly journals From cellular memory to the memory of trauma: Social epigenetics and its public circulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Catherine Guaspare
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Research Front ◽  
Cellular Memory ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Social Adversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Dynamics

Trauma is associated with the appearance of the concept of ‘accident’ as a social and legal entity, as well as with the successive discoveries of surgery, psychiatrics, and psychoanalysis. Today, epigenetics has redefined trauma as an extreme form of social adversity. Because of the exceptional nature of the events studied and also the social and political significance of its results, the social epigenetics of historical trauma has received undeniable public success. The present article investigates the general dynamics of this research front, as well as the forms and consequences of its public circulation. We highlight the specificity of the circulation modes associated with social epigenetics and the myriad ways it has been used socially and politically. This study addresses four registers of action in particular: to attest, to repair, to intervene, and to treat. The social circulation of the epigenetics of trauma is as influenced by the public’s willingness to see it as socially and politically relevant as it is by the ability of researchers to prepare this collective appropriation through different forms of public engagement. Finally this study allows us to refute the dichotomic conception of the genetics/epigenetics relationship, which is too frequently the foundation for making epigenetics academically acceptable in the social sciences.

scholarly journals Astrobioethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio A. Chon-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Social

AbstractAstrobiology is a discipline that is expanding its field of investigation not only in the natural sciences, but also in the social sciences. It is for this reason that the ethical aspects are progressively emphasized leading to a point where the whole field requires a specific handling. The appellation ‘astrobioethics’ is now considered as not only relevant, but also a true issue for the future of Astrobiology. Astrobioethics is the subsection within astrobiology that is accountable for studying the moral implications of, for example, bringing humans to Mars, the Planetary Protection Policy, the social responsibility of the astrobiologist to society, etc. It is in this way that the present article outlines a path for astrobioethics, as being a fertile field of study and an opportunity to trade scientific knowledge in a transdisciplinary way.

Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences

1964 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Frank Restle ◽  
Kenneth J. Arrow ◽  
Samuel Karlin ◽  
Patrick Suppes
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Social

Gender inequality and paradigms in the social sciences

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heine Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Point Of Departure

The article is based on a survey of 788 Danish researchers, mainly from the social sciences, and analyses differences between female and male researchers concerning cognitive styles and cognitive convictions. Sandra Harding's portrait of modern science as androcentric and characterized by a set of gender-related dualisms is taken as a point of departure, and the results by and large show gender differences which can be related to this picture. Male researchers give more importance to methodological ideals taken from natural science, objectivity, mathematical methods, rationality, universality and cumulative results, etc., than female researchers do. These differences are shown to be correlated with the degree of power orientation of research topics.

Classical sociology meets technology: Doing independent large-scope research

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaul A Duke
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Classical Sociology

During his short-lived but highly productive career, C Wright Mills put forth a vision for how sociology should be done. Two central directives can be gleaned from this vision: to tackle macro social theory issues by doing large-scope research; to achieve scholastic independence by doing non-administrative research. One might ask if Mills is sending scholars on a mission impossible. Analysing these two concepts in terms of both their merits and applicability, the present article indeed identifies a conflict between them, highlighted by what emerges as Mills’ own failure to realize this vision. After deeming these directives worthy goals, the article seeks to determine whether technological advances in the social sciences have the potential to allow both directives to be fulfilled at once. What is shown is that while the technology is ripe to enable autonomous big studies, its implementation by institutional and individual agents severely impedes the vision’s realization.

scholarly journals Playing the game with aleatorics and narrativity: Linaia-Agon by Iannis Xenakis

New Sound ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Jelena Janković-Beguš
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
Iannis Xenakis ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Mathematical Game ◽  
The Social

In this article I examine the piece Linaia-Agon for brass trio (1972) by Greek-French composer Iannis Xenakis, one of only three pieces by this composer, which are commonly referred to in literature as "game-pieces", from the perspective of Roger Caillois' typology of games, stemming from the social sciences, as well as from the framework of the mathematical game theory and its branch probability theory. Xenakis' "game pieces" belong to the field of controlled aleatorics, because they employ a certain level of indeterminacy; here I argue that it is precisely in this aspect of indeterminacy that their nature "as games" is revealed. I am concerned with the "translation" of the Ancient Greek legend about the musician Linos and the God Apollo - and of the mathematical calculations - into the language of the West European avant-garde music of the second half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Power and Influence: Assessing the Conceptual Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Zaaiman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Final Answer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conceptual Relationship ◽  
Power And Influence

Power and influence are fundamental concepts used in the social sciences. As closely-related concepts it is not easy to distinguish them clearly. There are diverse definitions for power and influence in academic literature. Different views are also held on the relationship between these concepts. The present article revisits these debates. The researcher explains the difficulties to define concepts in general and those of power and influence in particular. This is done by referring to academic attempts to clarify the meaning of the mentioned concepts and thereby their conceptual relationship. It is demonstrated that the debate is complicated and a final answer cannot be found that easily. However, this article explores the differences in meaning between the concepts from the literature. Based on these distinctions, the researcher identifies the concepts’ primary meanings as well as the areas where these meanings overlap. This article contributes by providing users of these concepts with conceptual markers that could help them use and integrate the concepts meaningfully.

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