scholarly journals POWDERY MILDEW DISTRIBUTION ON VINE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DON AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
N.O. Arestova ◽  
◽  
I.O. Ryabchun ◽  
N.G. Ryabushchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
High Humidity

Information on the prevalence and harmfulness of oidium on grapevine plants of various varieties in the conditions of the Don ampelographic collection is presented. It was found that the corresponding meteorological conditions in 2019, 2020: moderate air temperature and high humidity in the spring months, as well as in July, the presence of foci of infection on the ampelocollection contributed to the epiphytotic development of oidium. The first signs of the pathogen were detected at the end of flowering - beginning of berry growth. During the growing season, despite the protective treatments against powdery mildew, the degree of pathogenic lesion exceeding 3.5 points was observed in 2019 in 88% of the studied varieties, in 2020 - in 20% of the varieties. The smallest degree of mildew infection (up to 1.5 points) in 2020 was noted in the varieties Tavrosi, Kumshatskiy beliy, Kumshatskiy cherniy.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN MYCOSIS ON PLANTS OF DIFFERENT GRAPEVINE VARIETIES OF DON AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
N.O. Arestova ◽  
◽  
I.O. Ryabchun ◽  
N.G. Ryabushchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Increased Temperature

Information on the degree of resistance of grapevine plants of various varieties to the main phytopathogens (mildew, oidium) in the conditions of the Don ampelographic collec-tion is given. It was found that the meteoro-logical conditions of 2019 contributed to the depressive development of mildew and the epiphytotic development of oidium. The limit-ing factor for the development of mildew was the increased temperature in June, with maxi-mum values of 37.20C with low air humidity and a small amount of precipitation. Under the conditions of the ampelographic collec-tion, mildew sypmtoms were detected only on plants of unstable varieties: Dimackun, Neizvestnyj donskoj, Puhlyakovskij chernyj, Tavrosi, Cimladar, Cimlyanskij Sergienko, Cimlyanskij chernyj, Shampanchik – 2, Sham-panchik cimlyanskij. The meteorological con-ditions in July - moderate air temperature and high humidity in July, as well as the presence of foci of infection in the ampelocollections were favorable for oidium and contributed to the epiphytotic development of the pathogen, the first signs of which were detected in the phase of the beginning of berry growth. Dur-ing the growing season, despite the protective treatments against powdery mildew, the de-gree of pathogen infestation reached the max-imum values in 88% of the studied varieties. The smallest degree of oidium damage (3.3–3.6 points) was noted in the varieties Tavrosi, Kumshatsky beliy, Kumshatsky chernyj.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOME FIELD CROPS AS INFLUENCED BY CLIMATIC PHENOMENA AT TWO DIVERSE LATITUDES

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Carder
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Field Crops

The investigation involved establishment of an experimental site at Madison, Wisconsin, latitude 43 °N., and another at Beaverlodge, Alberta, 55 °N., where 10 annual crops representing varieties of wheat, oats, barley peas and millet were grown for two years. Growth and phenology of the varieties were correlated with meteorological conditions at the two points. Climatic phenomena studied were insolation, air temperature, photo- and thermoperiod, and water relations. Over the growing season, insolation was approximately equal at Madison and Beaverlodge, despite the high latitude of the latter point. On the other hand, the effective heat supply at Beaverlodge was only 60 per cent of that at Madison. The photoperiods at the two locations were found to be quite different.Under the long summer days of the more northerly latitude at Beaverlodge all crops except millet developed as well as at Madison. Millet proliferated vegetatively and did not head at Beaverlodge. The yield of seed of all crops except millet was associated with much less vegetation at the northern station. The earlier-maturing varieties did comparatively better under cool temperatures than did the later-maturing types. The results indicate that from the standpoint of seed production the plants at Beaverlodge were subjected to cooler temperatures than the comparable plants at Madison. In the phase from heading to maturity this temperature difference was less pronounced than from emergence to heading. All varieties grew taller and greater in size at Madison, but all except millet produced heavier kernels at Beaver-lodge.

scholarly journals Influence of seeding methods on the duration of the growing season and productivity of chickpea varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
A. Dobrovolskyi ◽  
◽  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
L. Andreychenko ◽  
N. Koloyanidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Production Testing ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

Influence of seeding methods on the duration of the growing season and productivity of chickpea varieties The results of experimental research and production testing of mid-season chickpea varieties in conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. The longest growing season – 108–113 days was observed with a wide-row sowing method, and the shortest – with solid sowing crops (101–108 days). Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between the duration of the growing season and the average daily air temperature during the growing season of chickpea (r = 0.89). Precipitation and Sielianinov’s hydrothermal index (r = 0.73 and r = 0.75) had a great influence on the formation of the grain yield of chickpea, and the average daily air temperature (r = 0.80) had an effect on the accumulation of protein in the grain. Keywords: chickpeas, meteorological conditions, growing season, productivity, variety, seeding method.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from a subarctic fen in the Hudson Bay Lowlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4465-4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hanis ◽  
M. Tenuta ◽  
B. D. Amiro ◽  
T. N. Papakyriakou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) flux (FCH4) over a subarctic fen at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada was measured to understand the magnitude of emissions during spring and fall shoulder seasons, and the growing season in relation to physical and biological conditions. FCH4 was measured using eddy covariance with a closed-path analyser in four years (2008–2011). Cumulative measured annual FCH4 (shoulder plus growing seasons) ranged from 3.0 to 9.6 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 among the four study years, with a mean of 6.5 to 7.1 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 depending upon gap-filling method. Soil temperatures to depths of 50 cm and air temperature were highly correlated with FCH4, with near-surface soil temperature at 5 cm most correlated across spring, fall, and the shoulder and growing seasons. The response of FCH4 to soil temperature at the 5 cm depth and air temperature was more than double in spring to that of fall. Emission episodes were generally not observed during spring thaw. Growing season emissions also depended upon soil and air temperatures but the water table also exerted influence, with FCH4 highest when water was 2–13 cm below and lowest when it was at or above the mean peat surface.

scholarly journals Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing-season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7575-7597 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Luus ◽  
Y. Gel ◽  
J. C. Lin ◽  
R. E. J. Kelly ◽  
C. R. Duguay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Snow Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing-season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the responses of northern environments to changes in snow and growing-season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing-season land surface characteristics; and (2) the ability to continue to monitor these associations over time across the vast pan-Arctic. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the pan-Arctic (north of 60° N) linkages between two temporally distinct data products created from AMSR-E satellite passive microwave observations: GlobSnow snow water equivalent (SWE), and NTSG growing-season AMSR-E Land Parameters (air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation transmissivity). Due to the complex and interconnected nature of processes determining snow and growing-season land surface characteristics, these associations were analyzed using the modern nonparametric technique of alternating conditional expectations (ACE), as this approach does not impose a predefined analytic form. Findings indicate that regions with lower vegetation transmissivity (more biomass) at the start and end of the growing season tend to accumulate less snow at the start and end of the snow season, possibly due to interception and sublimation. Warmer air temperatures at the start and end of the growing season were associated with diminished snow accumulation at the start and end of the snow season. High latitude sites with warmer mean annual growing-season temperatures tended to accumulate more snow, probably due to the greater availability of water vapor for snow season precipitation at warmer locations. Regions with drier soils preceding snow onset tended to accumulate greater quantities of snow, likely because drier soils freeze faster and more thoroughly than wetter soils. Understanding and continuing to monitor these linkages at the regional scale using the ACE approach can allow insights to be gained into the complex response of Arctic ecosystems to climate-driven shifts in air temperature, vegetation, soil moisture and snow accumulation.

scholarly journals Growing Season Length as a Key Factor of Cumulative Net Ecosystem Exchange Over the Pine Forest Ecosystems in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Danielewska ◽  
Marek Urbaniak ◽  
Janusz Olejnik
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Growing Season Length

Abstract The Scots pine is one of the most important species in European and Asian forests. Due to a widespread occurrence of pine forests, their significance in the energy and mass exchange between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is also important, particularly in the context of climate change and greenhouse gases balance. The aim of this work is to present the relationship between the average annual net ecosystem productivity and growing season length, latitude and air temperature (tay) over Europe. Therefore, CO2 flux measurement data from eight European pine dominated forests were used. The observations suggest that there is a correlation between the intensity of CO2 uptake or emission by a forest stand and the above mentioned parameters. Based on the obtained results, all of the selected pine forest stands were CO2 sinks, except a site in northern Finland. The carbon dioxide uptake increased proportionally with the increase of growing season length (9.212 g C m-2 y-1 per day of growing season, R2 = 0.53, p = 0.0399). This dependency showed stronger correlation and higher statistical significance than both relationships between annual net ecosystem productivity and air temperature (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.096) and annual net ecosystem productivity and latitude (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.058). The CO2 emission surpassed assimilation in winter, early spring and late autumn. Moreover, the appearance of late, cold spring and early winter, reduced annual net ecosystem productivity. Therefore, the growing season length can be considered as one of the main factor affecting the annual carbon budget of pine forests.

scholarly journals Modelling of Soil Respiration in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Ács ◽  
H. Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Time Periods

The climatology of soil respiration in Hungary is presented. Soil respiration is estimated by a Thornthwaite-based biogeochemical model using soil hydrophysical data and climatological fields of precipitation and air temperature. Soil respiration fields are analyzed for different soil textures (sand, sandy loam, loam, clay loam and clay) and time periods (year, growing season and months).  Strong linear relationships were found between soil respiration and the actual evapotranspiration for annual and growing season time periods. In winter months soil respiration is well correlated with air temperature, while in summer months there is a quite variable relationship with water balance components. The strength of linear relationship between soil respiration and climatic variables is much better for coarser than for finer soil texture.

The Incidence of Climatic Conditions Favourable to Coffee Berry Disease in Kenya

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Disease ◽  
Air Temperatures

SUMMARYClimatic conditions affecting the development of CBD are assessed by measuring wetness within the tree canopy and air temperature. Saturation of the tree canopy, necessary for spore dispersal, occurs most frequently at the tops of trees and the duration of wetness permitting spore germination is most prolonged at night. Night air temperatures are closest to berry temperatures and are important in assessing infection periods. Disease development in 1968 and 1969 was related to the number of infection periods during the growing season. Polythene tree covers which kept trees sufficiently dry to stop disease development were used in determining infection at different times of the year.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Aggressiveness of Erysiphe necator Populations during Grapevine Powdery Mildew Epidemics

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (20) ◽  
pp. 6327-6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josselin Montarry ◽  
Philippe Cartolaro ◽  
François Delmotte ◽  
Jérôme Jolivet ◽  
Laetitia Willocquet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Isolates of the causal ascomycete of grapevine powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator, correspond to two genetically differentiated groups (A and B) that coexist on the same host. This coexistence was analyzed by investigating temporal changes in the genetic and phenotypic structures of E. necator populations during three epidemics. Group A was present only at the start of the growing season, whereas group B was present throughout all three epidemics. Group A was less aggressive in terms of germination and infection efficiency but was more aggressive than group B in terms of the latency period, lesion diameter, and spore production. Our results are consistent with a temporal differentiation of niches, preventing recombination, and suggest an association between the disease level and the frequencies of genetic groups.

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