scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Body Displacement Theory in Restrained Eaters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Elizabeth MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Displacement Theory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures ◽  
Affective Process

Body Displacement Theory posits that individuals with eating and weight concerns may mislabel feelings of ineffectiveness as feeling fat. Study 1used a non-clinical sample to create an Implicit Association Test for body image (IAT-BI) to measure implicit body dissatisfaction, as body displacement is thought to be an automatic cognitive/affective process. The IAT-BI was moderately and significantly correlated with explicit measures of body dissatisfaction, body shame, and restrained eating. In Study 2, an experimental manipulation was used to induce ineffectiveness in a non-clinical sample, and effects on implicit and explicit body image and related variables were measured. Contrary to hypotheses, feeling ineffective did not lead to feeling fat in comparison to those in a control condition. These findings may suggest that body displacement was not successfully induced by the manipulation, or that body displacement may be process unique to those with eating disorders. The implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Body Displacement Theory in Restrained Eaters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Elizabeth MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Displacement Theory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures ◽  
Affective Process

Body Displacement Theory posits that individuals with eating and weight concerns may mislabel feelings of ineffectiveness as feeling fat. Study 1used a non-clinical sample to create an Implicit Association Test for body image (IAT-BI) to measure implicit body dissatisfaction, as body displacement is thought to be an automatic cognitive/affective process. The IAT-BI was moderately and significantly correlated with explicit measures of body dissatisfaction, body shame, and restrained eating. In Study 2, an experimental manipulation was used to induce ineffectiveness in a non-clinical sample, and effects on implicit and explicit body image and related variables were measured. Contrary to hypotheses, feeling ineffective did not lead to feeling fat in comparison to those in a control condition. These findings may suggest that body displacement was not successfully induced by the manipulation, or that body displacement may be process unique to those with eating disorders. The implications of the study are discussed.

Stature, Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction: A Study of Males and Females from a Non Clinical Sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika A. Gupta ◽  
Nicholas J. Schork ◽  
Jagtaran S. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Body Stature

A study of 174 subjects selected from a Canadian shopping mall revealed an inverse correlation among the males but not among females between body stature and body image parameters related to dieting, body weight and shape (for example, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction). These correlations were independent of body weight. Among the females, there was a direct correlation between the Body Mass Index and these body image parameters. Height is generally associated with desirable looks and academic success among men and most likely has a positive effect upon body image. Therefore, males who are dissatisfied with their stature, a feature that is generally not within their control, may attempt to alter an aspect of their body that they can control (for example, weight). This finding may have important implications among males with eating disorders.

Instruction-Based Approach-Avoidance Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Van Dessel ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Anne Gast ◽  
Colin Tucker Smith
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Evaluative Priming ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Prior research suggests that repeatedly approaching or avoiding a certain stimulus changes the liking of this stimulus. We investigated whether these effects of approach and avoidance training occur also when participants do not perform these actions but are merely instructed about the stimulus-action contingencies. Stimulus evaluations were registered using both implicit (Implicit Association Test and evaluative priming) and explicit measures (valence ratings). Instruction-based approach-avoidance effects were observed for relatively neutral fictitious social groups (i.e., Niffites and Luupites), but not for clearly valenced well-known social groups (i.e., Blacks and Whites). We conclude that instructions to approach or avoid stimuli can provide sufficient bases for establishing both implicit and explicit evaluations of novel stimuli and discuss several possible reasons for why similar instruction-based approach-avoidance effects were not found for valenced well-known stimuli.

Memory Span and Individual Differences in Activation: Implicit and Explicit Measures

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Lilienthal ◽  
Elaine Tamez ◽  
Nathan Rose ◽  
Joel Myerson ◽  
Sandra Hale
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

scholarly journals The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control on Body Image: A Path-Analysis in Aspiring Fashion Models, Athletes and Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6128
Author(s):  
Donatella Di Corrado ◽  
Marinella Coco ◽  
Maria Guarnera ◽  
Nelson Mauro Maldonato ◽  
Alessandro Quartiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fashion Models

It is widely documented that negative body image is a significant public health concern due to its association with symptoms of disordered eating and worse psychological well-being. The purpose of the study was to develop a path model of intrapersonal dimensions (self-efficacy and internal locus of control) as antecedents of perceived stress toward females’ body dissatisfaction and eating attitude disorders. A total of 300 females, including 100 aspiring fashion models, 100 athletes and 100 students (controls), between 15 and 24 years of age (M = 19.6, SD = 1.85) participated in the study. Measures included level of psychological stress, self-efficacy and locus of control dimensions, body dissatisfaction and eating attitude disorder indices. A path analysis confirmed our research hypothesis. Comparing the three subsamples, we found better fit indexes in the two subgroups with elevated investment on their body image with respect the control group. More specifically, the model in the group of aspiring fashion models showed the best fit index. These results indicated that aspiring fashion models have a strong desire to maintain their low body mass or to become thinner. For this reason, a suitable involvement of expert health workers in the nutritional and psychological field could be extremely essential in the fashion world to maintain a healthier well-being.

scholarly journals A review of risk factors associated with insulin omission for weight loss in type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110261
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hall ◽  
Leanna Keeble ◽  
Sandra-Ilona Sünram-Lea ◽  
Michelle To
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Insulin Omission

Research suggests that as many as 60% of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) admit to misusing insulin. Insulin omission (IO) for the purpose of weight loss, often referred to as diabulimia, is a behaviour becoming increasingly recognised, not least since prolonged engagement can lead to serious vascular complications and mortality. Several risk factors appear to be relevant to the development of IO, most notably gender, anxiety and depression and increased weight concerns and body dissatisfaction. Evidence suggests that women, especially young girls, are more likely to omit insulin as a method of weight loss compared to men. Mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are increasingly prevalent in people with T1D compared to their peers, and appear to contribute to the risk of IO. Increased weight concerns and body dissatisfaction are further prominent risk factors, especially given increases in weight which often occur following diagnosis and the monitoring of weight by diabetes teams. This review presents evidence examining these risk factors which increase the likelihood of a person with T1D engaging in IO and highlights the complications associated with prolongment of the behaviour. Further research looking at the comorbidities of these risk factors, alongside other factors, would provide greater insight into understanding IO in people with T1D.

Celebrity influence on body image and eating disorders: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098831
Author(s):  
Zoe Brown ◽  
Marika Tiggemann
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Appearance Comparison

Celebrities are well-known individuals who receive extensive public and media attention. There is an increasing body of research on the effect of celebrities on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Yet, there has been no synthesis of the research findings. A systematic search for research articles on celebrities and body image or eating disorders resulted in 36 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Overall, the qualitative, correlational, big data, and experimental methodologies used in these studies demonstrated that exposure to celebrity images, appearance comparison, and celebrity worship are associated with maladaptive consequences for individuals’ body image.

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