One year later: the employment experiences of Syrian refugees in the greater Toronto area

10.32920/ryerson.14660589 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Khabra

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Work Experience ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Greater Toronto Area ◽

Barriers To Employment ◽

Employment Support ◽

The Government ◽

One Year

This qualitative study explores the employment experiences of Syrian refugees one year after their arrival in Canada through a segmented labour market and different forms of capital framework. Ten Syrian refugees and 3 key informants were interviewed to explore Syrian refugees’ barriers to employment, support channels, employment outcomes, and future career goals in Canada. The findings of this study show that insufficient English skills, lack of Canadian work experience, poor mental health, and a limited understanding of the Canadian labour market are the greatest challenges these Syrian refugees encountered accessing the labour market. Privately sponsored refugees were more likely to be employed than government-assisted refugees. Overall, Syrian refugees are in need of greater support from the government to help promote successful economic integration. Keywords: Syrian refugees, employment outcomes, privately sponsored refugees, government assisted refugees, segmented labour market, forms of capital

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Access to professions : the experience of Japanese immigrants in Canada

10.32920/ryerson.14643867 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yukari Hayakawa

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Professional Knowledge ◽

Canadian Education ◽

Greater Toronto Area ◽

Japanese Immigrants ◽

Barriers To Employment ◽

Immigrant Professionals ◽

Employment Experience

This paper investigates employment experiences faced by 8 Japanese immigrant professionals in the Greater Toronto Area, including 3 Japanese-educated professionals, 3 both Japanese and Canadian-educated professionals, and 2 exclusively Canadian-educated professionals. This study attempts to examine whether Japanese credentials are recognized in licensing and hiring processes, and whether Canadian education improves the employment experience among Japanese immigrant professionals. In the case of the Japanese immigrant professionals in this study, barriers to licensing they experienced differ from profession to profession. Despite licenses, participants also experienced barriers to employment in their professions even if they were Canadian-educated, Japanese professionals. Except in one case, it appears that obtaining Canadian degrees in their professions facilitated practicing their professions in the mainstream labour market. Most of the participants were also benefited by some form of Canadian education in addition to their professional knowledge.

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Engineering Barriers: An Empirical Investigation into the Mechanics of Downward Mobility.

Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes ◽

10.18740/s49c73 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bonnie Slade

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Work Experience ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

Institutional Ethnography ◽

Social Ontology ◽

Downward Mobility ◽

Work Processes ◽

The Social ◽

Labour Market Position ◽

One Year

This paper explores the regulation of professional engineering and how the licensing process itself impacts the labour market position of immigrant engineers. Guided by the social ontology and method of inquiry of institutional ethnography, this paper provides a map of the licensing process for engineering in Ontario and shows how immigrant engineers are constructed as exceptions to the process, despite the fact that immigrant engineers outnumber Ontario engineering graduates. Having to first go though individualized academic and work experience assessments, they also require one year Canadian work experience. Research has shown that it is difficult for immigrant engineers to successfully complete the licensing process. This paper details the administrative work processes that cause delays and difficulties for immigrant engineers, and discusses the labour market implications of not having a professional licence.

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Access to professions : the experience of Japanese immigrants in Canada

10.32920/ryerson.14643867.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yukari Hayakawa

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Professional Knowledge ◽

Canadian Education ◽

Greater Toronto Area ◽

Japanese Immigrants ◽

Barriers To Employment ◽

Immigrant Professionals ◽

Employment Experience

This paper investigates employment experiences faced by 8 Japanese immigrant professionals in the Greater Toronto Area, including 3 Japanese-educated professionals, 3 both Japanese and Canadian-educated professionals, and 2 exclusively Canadian-educated professionals. This study attempts to examine whether Japanese credentials are recognized in licensing and hiring processes, and whether Canadian education improves the employment experience among Japanese immigrant professionals. In the case of the Japanese immigrant professionals in this study, barriers to licensing they experienced differ from profession to profession. Despite licenses, participants also experienced barriers to employment in their professions even if they were Canadian-educated, Japanese professionals. Except in one case, it appears that obtaining Canadian degrees in their professions facilitated practicing their professions in the mainstream labour market. Most of the participants were also benefited by some form of Canadian education in addition to their professional knowledge.

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Dynamics Of Overqualification: Identification Of Graduates At The Beginning Of Their Careers On The Labour Market In Côte d’Ivoire

SocioEconomic Challenges ◽

10.21272/sec.3(3).108-120.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 108-120

Author(s):

Andoh Régis Vianney Yapo

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Work Experience ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Early Career ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Scientific Discussion ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

The Government

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the transition to adequate employment of overqualified graduates in their early career jobs. The main purpose of the research is to analyse the persistence of overqualification of early career graduates in the labour market in Côte d’Ivoire. The systematization literary sources and approaches to solving the problem using panel data and probit random effects models’ capturing unobserved individual specific effects was used as an econometric approach. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the choice of an overqualified job at the beginning of a career allows graduates to have work experience that would improve the opportunities for internal or external upward mobility in the future. Overqualification would therefore be a transitory phenomenon. Data from the survey on the sources of skills mismatch in Côte d’Ivoire were used to carry out this study. This survey covered 974 general, technical and vocational education and higher education graduates in the labour market over the period 2011-2017. The object of research is to analyse the persistence and real dependence of early career overqualification on future overqualification in the labour market in Côte d’Ivoire. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that overqualification persists among graduates during the first six years of their professional careers. The experience of previous overqualification and overqualification at the beginning of the period strongly explain the risk of future overqualification. The results of the research can be useful for the government to put in place or strengthen public measures to help graduates leaving the education system gain work experience and improve the quality of information on job vacancies in the labour market. Keywords: Dynamic Probit, career, underemployment, overqualification, employment, youth.

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A Case for Public Sector Job Creation Schemes

The Economic and Labour Relations Review ◽

10.1177/103530469200300206 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 115-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John Burgess

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Labour Market ◽

Work Experience ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Job Creation ◽

Supply Side ◽

Effective Work ◽

Active Labour ◽

The Government

It is recognised that for efficiency and equity reasons that governments need to implement active labour market programs (LMP). Such programs can help to improve the matching of labour supply and demand, reduce wage inflation pressures generated where labour markets are subject to supply shortages and bottlenecks, assist disadvantaged labour market participants obtain employment, help reduce poverty and income inequalities generated by the persistence of long-term unemployment, and they can raise overall productivity levels and living standards. What is at issue is not the need for LMP, but the type and mix of LMP required in Australia. The government has embarked upon a substantially supply side orientated LMP aimed at improving the employment prospects of the unemployed. On the demand side this has been augmented by a private sector wage subsidy program (JOBSTART). Such a mix of LMP is inappropriate for addressing the labour market problems associated with a recession. The government should, as a matter of urgency, consider the immediate introduction of a public sector job creation scheme (PSJCS). The advantages of such a program include its potential to directly address the problem of long-term unemployment (LTU), assist disadvantaged communities and provide an effective work experience support for the plethora of supply side LMP. Such a program could be effectively delivered by utilising the existing administrative structures of the CES and local government.

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ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING MEDICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER IN SAINT-PETERSBURG AND IN THE LENINGRAD REGION IN 2013-2017

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-1-77-82 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

Maksim Rykov ◽

Ivan Turabov ◽

Yuriy Punanov ◽

Svetlana Safonova

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Medical Care ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Children With Cancer ◽

Health Committee ◽

The Government ◽

Delivery Of Medical Care ◽

One Year ◽

The One

Background: St. Petersburg is a city of federal importance with a large number of primary patients, identified annually. Objective: analysis of the main indicators characterizing medical care for children with cancer in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Methods: The operative reports for 2013-2017 of the Health Committee of the Government of St. Petersburg and the Health Committee of the Leningrad Region were analyzed. Results. In 2013-2017 in the Russian Federation, 18 090 primary patients were identified, 927 (5.1%) of them in the analyzed subjects: in St. Petersburg - 697 (75,2%), in the Leningrad Region - 230 (24,8%). For 5 years, the number of primary patients increased in St. Petersburg - by 36%, in the Leningrad Region - by 2,5%. The incidence increased in St. Petersburg by 18,1% (from 14,9 in 2013 to 17,6 in 2017 per 100 000 of children aged 0-17). The incidence in the Leningrad Region fell by 4.9% (from 14.4 in 2013 to 13.7 in 2017). Mortality in 2016-2017 in St. Petersburg increased by 50% (from 2 to 3), in the Leningrad Region - by 12,5% (from 2,4 to 2,7). The one-year mortality rate in St. Petersburg increased by 3,9% (from 2,5 to 6,4%). In the Leningrad Region, the one-year mortality rate decreased from 6,5% in 2016 to 0 in 2017. The number of pediatric oncological beds did not change in St. Petersburg (0,9 per 10,000 children aged 0-17 years) and the Leningrad Region (0). In St. Petersburg patients were not identified actively in 2016-2017; in the Leningrad Region their percentage decreased from 8,7 to 0. The number of oncologists increased in St. Petersburg from 0,09 to 0.12 (+33,3%), in the Leningrad Region - from 0 to 0,03. Conclusion: Morbidity in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region is significantly different, which indicates obvious defects in statistical data. Patients were not identified during routine preventive examinations which indicate a low oncologic alertness of district pediatric physicians. Delivery of medical care for children with cancer and the statistical data accumulation procedures should be improved.

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Syrian Refugees’ Integration Policies in Jordanian Labor Market

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7234

Author(s):

Ahmad AlShwawra

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Syrian Crisis ◽

The People ◽

Policies And Procedures ◽

The Government ◽

New Policies ◽

Desk Research ◽

London Conference

The Government of Jordan declared that there are more than one million Syrian refugees in Jordan while UNHCR statistics show that the number is about 700,000. Nonetheless, it is still a large problem for Jordan, especially since there is no real solution that seems to be looming on the horizon for the Syrian crisis. Consequently, that means that those refugees’ stay in Jordan is indefinite. This fact requires Jordan to work towards solutions to avoid the warehousing of those refugees in camps and to integrate them in Jordanian community to ease their stay in Jordan. To achieve that integration, Jordan must facilitate the Syrians’ access to the Jordanian labor market so they can achieve self-reliance. In February 2016, donors gathered in London for the ‘Supporting Syria and the Region’ conference, known as the London Conference, to mobilize funding for the needs of the people affected by the Syrian crisis. In that conference, Jordan pledged to facilitate Syrian refugees’ access to the labor market. This paper will study the process of Syrian integration in Jordanian society by discussing the policies and the procedures that Jordan has developed to facilitate the Syrians’ access to the labor market. The event study method combined with interviews and desk research were used to evaluate the new policies and procedures developed to facilitate this access. It was found that Jordan succeeded in creating a legal and procedural environment that facilitates Syrians’ access to formal jobs, and the Syrians went a long way toward integration in Jordan. Nonetheless, they are still not fully integrated.

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Challenges to economic integration and social inclusion of Syrian refugees in Turkey

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-11-2018-0277 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Christina Bache

Keyword(s):

Economic Integration ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Independent Research ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Local Dynamics ◽

Content Type ◽

The Government

Purpose The following question drove this research: Would the pursuit of a rights-based approach, one that considers local dynamics and political sensitivities result in greater economic integration and social inclusion of Syrian refugees in Turkey? The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This piece draws on independent research the author conducted in Turkey and other frontline states to the war in Syria from 2016 to 2018. Findings Despite a shift in government policy toward Syrian refugees, without an overarching rights-based approach that includes the participation of all stakeholders and considers local dynamics and political sensitivities, enhancing the livelihood security of Syrian refugees and vulnerable members of host communities remains bleak in Turkey. Originality/value This original paper closely examines the Government of Turkey’s response to the humanitarian crisis that was precipitated by the armed conflict in Syria. The paper also examines the socioeconomic dynamics and increased tensions between the Syrian refugee and host communities.

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XXIII.—The Clyde Sea Area

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800037881 ◽

1892 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 641-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hugh Robert Mill

Keyword(s):

The West ◽

Experimental Physics ◽

University Of Edinburgh ◽

Marine Station ◽

The Government ◽

Government Grant ◽

One Year ◽

The University ◽

Clyde Sea ◽

Sea Area

The fjord-like inlets or sea-lochs which form so conspicuous a feature in the scenery of the west of Scotland stand in marked contrast to the shallow, low-shored firths of the east coast. When Dr John Murray decided to extend the physical and biological work of the Scottish Marine Station to the west coast he foresaw that many interesting conclusions were likely to be derived from the study of these isolated sea-basins. Various papers, published by him and other workers, contain preliminary discussions of many of the phenomena observed, fully justifying the anticipations which had been formed.For one year my work, as described in this paper, was carried out under the provisions of an Elective Fellowship in Experimental Physics of the University of Edinburgh, to which I had been elected in 1886; and subsequently by a personal grant from the Government Grant Committee for Scientific Research. The Committee also devoted several sums of money in payment of expenses in compiling this discussion. The Scottish Marine Station throughout gave the use of the steam-yacht “Medusa,” and the necessary apparatus.

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