Narrative Analysis of Employment Support for Students With Developmental Disabilities

The text data regarding the free-expression answers on the employment support provided to students with developmental disabilities (unsure students are included) were defined as the narrative. The aim of this research was to obtain suggestions regarding business solutions that could be used to provide employment support for students with developmental disabilities by conducting text mining and narrative theory analysis. Furthermore, the “narrative generation system” is advocated as a comprehensive framework which organically unifies the whole “narrative phenomenon” from various sides. Furthermore, these researches apply the knowledge of other fields, such as pedagogy on developmental disability, personal support, text mining, and a narratology; psychology; engineering; and literature. Therefore, the authors believe that this research corresponds to “narrative generation system” theory research. Thus, it may be possible for suggestions regarding narrative generation to be produced as a secondary result of this chapter's process of analysis.

Implementation of the National Project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» in the Perm Region: Facts, Problems, Prospects

In the context of the reorientation of the Russian economy towards an innovative development path, the issue of increasing labor productivity has become an important part of state policy.Currently, the country is implementing a large-scale national project «Labor productivity and employment support». The implementation of the project approach to managing labor productivity for the Russian economy is of strategic priority, since its application helps to increase the efficiency of resource use, realize the goals of modernizing production, and stimulate innovation and export activities of domestic enterprises.The aim of the study is to consider the regional aspect of the implementation of the priority national project «Labor productivity and employment support» on the example of the Perm region. The methodological basis of the study are comparative, statistical and expert methods.The paper analyzes the implementation of the national project «Labor productivity and employment support» in the Perm region; presents the actual results of the project; formulates problems in the implementation of project activities; identifies the prospects of the Perm region in the context of setting higher targets for the regional project «Labor productivity and employment support» in comparison with the figures for Russia as a whole.The materials outlined in this article can deepen knowledge about the specifics of the implementation of the priority national project «Labor productivity and employment support» at the regional level, as well as be used to adjust the course implementation of a regional project aimed at improving productivity in the Perm region.

Employment Motivation in Young People with Health Impairments

В статье проанализирована проблема трудоустройства молодежи с инвалидностью. Актуальность исследования обусловлена малым количеством эмпирических исследований особенностей мотивации к трудоустройству молодежи с инвалидностью, что затрудняет разработку эффективных практик по сопровождению трудоустройства лиц данной категории. Цель исследования состояла в эмпирическом выявлении и сравнительном анализе структуры мотивации к трудоустройству у молодых взрослых с инвалидностью и без нее, а также в установлении связи мотивации с ценностно-смысловой сферой данной категории молодежи, желающей трудоустроиться. Мотивация к трудоустройству рассматривалась с помощью методики изучения мотивации профессиональной деятельности К. Земфир в модификации А. А. Реана и теста Ф. Херцберга на определение ведущих факторов мотивации при работе, а ценностно-смысловая сфера — с помощью теста «Смысложизненные ориентации» (методика СЖО) в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева. В статье представлены результаты исследования, которые показали, что у молодежи с инвалидностью и без нее компоненты структуры мотивации к трудоустройству различаются. У молодых людей с инвалидностью преобладает внешняя положительная мотивация, которая связана с финансовым благополучием и карьерой, и они не признают значимым мотивационным фактором к трудоустройству ответственность работы. У них обнаружена положительная связь мотивации с процессом жизни, удовлетворенностью самореализацией, достижением личного успеха и обратная — между управляемостью жизни, контролируемостью и таким фактором мотивации, как сотрудничество в коллективе. Полученные и представленные в статье результаты исследования обосновывают целесообразность продолжения изучения мотивации к трудоустройству инвалидов, в том числе с различным характером ограничений по здоровью, ее связей с другими психологическими факторами, а также определения комплекса методов психологической диагностики в целях совершенствования и повышения эффективности практики сопровождения трудоустройства людей с инвалидностью. The article analyzes employment problems experienced by young people with health impairments. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the scarcity of empirical research investigating the peculiarities of employment motivation in young people with health impairments, which creates certain difficulties related to the development of efficient patterns of employment support available to people with impairments. The aim of the research is to empirically investigate and comparatively analyze employment motivation in young people with health impairments and without them. The research is also aimed at investigating the connection between employment motivation of young people with health impairments and their system of values. Employment motivation is viewed through the prism of K. Zemfir’s employment motivation techniques modified by A. A. Rean and F. Herzberg’s test aimed at the identification of key factors of employment motivation. The system of values is assessed by means of the LIFO method (Life orientation) adapted by D. A. Leontyev. The results of the research presented in the article show that employment motivation is different in young people with health impairments and in young people without disabilities. Young people with health impairments have positive external motivation linked with career prospects and financial wellbeing. Professional responsibility is not viewed by them as a significant motivational factor. Employment motivation in their minds is associated with life, self-actualization, personal success, ability to control their lives, cooperation and team building. Research results presented in the article substantiate the feasibility of further investigation of employment motivation in people with health impairments and the connection of motivation with other psychological factors. Psychological support can improve the efficiency of employment support of students with health impairments.

POLICY OF SUPPORTING EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

The right of people with disabilities to participate in economic life is, inter alia, the right to employment and participation in labor relations. The policy of supporting the employment of people with disabilities refers to actions oriented at the labor market and strengthening the employment opportunities of this social category. Such a policy is aimed at the parallel use of several or even a dozen or so activation instruments. Legal instruments supporting employers of people with disabilities in 10 countries, including 8 from the EU, such as: Belgium (Brussels and the capital region), China, the Czech Republic, France, Japan, Spain, Germany (Brandenburg), Luxembourg, Slovakia and Italy were analyzed. The analysis is also enriched by the description of instruments used in other countries of the world, if they were worthy of attention. Particular emphasis was placed on showing systemic solutions that sometimes allow employment support to be different than in Poland. The analysis describes the most interesting and best functioning national systems which, in their policies, implement the principle of equal opportunities and fight against discrimination, and enable employment of a person with disabilities

Raising Labor Productivity: from the Shchekino Experiment (1967) to the “Labor Productivity and Employment Support” National Project (2018). What's Next?

The article provides examples of introducing advanced management practices at Russian enterprises, and also describes the experience of highly skilled managers with an adequate to market realities mentality. According to the author, by actively mastering the three “whales” — management, mentality and business culture — we increase labor productivity, and therefore we have every reason to increase the workers' wages, which are unacceptably low today.

Job stress and mental health among social workers: evidence from a field experiment at a public employment support institution in Japan

This study examines the causal effects of job stress on workers’ mental health. Evaluating the causal relationship between job stress and workers’ mental health is challenging due to an endogeneity problem, as heavy workloads and thus job stress are likely assigned to workers in good mental health condition. Endogeneity can also be problematic due to workers’ unobserved heterogeneity, such as personal capacities and stress resistance, which are associated with both job stress and mental health outcomes. To solve this problem, we conduct a field experiment at a public employment support institution in Japan. In the experiment, we randomly assign counsellors to jobseekers who are visiting the institution for the first time. Since jobseekers experience varying levels of difficulty finding work, this random assignment results in unexpected workloads, adding job stress for counsellors. We then collect counsellors’ daily records on mental health conditions for 4 consecutive weeks, matching the responses with the random assignment data on job counselling. Utilising a panel structure of the dataset and applying a fixed-effects model, we remove counsellors’ time-invariant unobserved heterogeneities. We measure counsellors’ mental health in terms of both subjective, self-reported perceptions and objective aspects of blood pressure and pulse. The results reveal that the job stress driven by newly assigned problematic jobseekers deteriorates aspects of counsellors’ objective mental health, whereas it does not appear to affect their subjective mental health. This result suggests that workers can accumulate the negative effects of job stress on mental health that they may be unaware of.