scholarly journals The role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children's preference for scarcity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Harper
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Children's Development

The present research investigated the role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children’s development of preference for scarcity. In two experiments, 5- to 7-year-olds assisted a fictional agent in choosing between relatively scarce versus abundant toys in a “virtual shop.” Experiment 1 investigated the role of extremity of scarcity in children’s preference for scarcity, while Experiment 2 investigated the role of the presence of competition. These two factors were anticipated to activate perceived threat to freedom to choose the scarce objects, resulting in motivational arousal to choose the scarce objects. Overall, a preference for scarcity increased with age. When threat to freedom of choice was induced, 7-year-olds showed a robust preference for scarcity in both experiments. The findings are discussed in the context of reactance theory and other factors influencing children’s patterns of responses, including prosociality. This research contributes to our understanding of children’s use of statistical information. Key words: scarcity, threat to freedom of choice, psychological reactance

scholarly journals The role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children's preference for scarcity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Harper
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Children's Development

The present research investigated the role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children’s development of preference for scarcity. In two experiments, 5- to 7-year-olds assisted a fictional agent in choosing between relatively scarce versus abundant toys in a “virtual shop.” Experiment 1 investigated the role of extremity of scarcity in children’s preference for scarcity, while Experiment 2 investigated the role of the presence of competition. These two factors were anticipated to activate perceived threat to freedom to choose the scarce objects, resulting in motivational arousal to choose the scarce objects. Overall, a preference for scarcity increased with age. When threat to freedom of choice was induced, 7-year-olds showed a robust preference for scarcity in both experiments. The findings are discussed in the context of reactance theory and other factors influencing children’s patterns of responses, including prosociality. This research contributes to our understanding of children’s use of statistical information. Key words: scarcity, threat to freedom of choice, psychological reactance

scholarly journals Geographical, social, economic characteristics of services

2013 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Marta Malska
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
National System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Services

The contemporary social, economic and geographic characteristics of services are analyzed. The role of tourism services in the national system of services is highlighted. The different definitions of the term “service” by Ukrainian and foreign scientists are explained. The main features of services and factors influencing them are described. The special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the objective evaluation of the service provision. The main elements of this evaluation are submitted. Key words: social geography, economic geography, service.

Consumers' psychological reactance and ownership in in-game advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Malhotra ◽  
Sita Mishra ◽  
Garima Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychological Reactance Theory ◽  
Flow Game

PurposeThe study explores the effect of game flow, game enjoyment and game customization on consumers' attitudes toward the game (ATG). It also examines the relationship between consumers' ATG and attitude toward the in-game advertising (IGA) brand.Design/methodology/approachThe study used SEM and PROCESS MACRO to analyze the results.FindingsThe study asserts the significant role of game flow, game customization and game enjoyment as antecedents of consumers' ATG. Furthermore, psychological ownership and perceived IGA invasiveness were found to be significant moderators between attitude toward game and attitude for the IGA brand.Originality/valueThe study examines how players’ attitude toward the game influences their attitude toward the IGA brand due to the player's ownership perceptions over the game and invasiveness perceptions for IGA. The study used psychological ownership and psychological reactance theory in the gamification context. The study findings present pertinent implications for game developers and brands interested in using IGA tools.

How the Comforting Process Fails: Psychological Reactance to Support Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Tian ◽  
Denise Haunani Solomon ◽  
Kellie St.Cyr Brisini
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Network Member ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
Final Sample

Abstract This study extends the theory of psychological reactance to the context of social support by examining how supportive communication is associated with psychological reactance and subsequent support outcomes. The final sample included 325 married adults who had experienced a marital disagreement, and were asked to evaluate a hypothetical support message that varied in the level of person-centeredness provided by a social network member. The results indicated that perceptions of support messages as conveying dominance and having weak argument quality were positively associated with psychological reactance. Low person-centered messages corresponded with more dominance and weaker argument quality. Low person-centered messages were associated with more psychological reactance through an indirect effect conveyed by a perceived threat to freedom. There was a significant, indirect effect between person-centeredness and emotional improvement conveyed by a perceived threat to freedom and psychological reactance. The discussion highlights the role of psychological reactance in social support.

scholarly journals Obedience Pressure vs. Peer Pressure: An Explanation of Muslims’ Religious Role in Budgetary Slack

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
Aryan Danil Mirza. BR ◽  
Kharisa Rachmi Khoirunisa
Keyword(s):  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference

Introduction/Main Objectives: The performance of individuals in organizations is generally evaluated based on their success at achieving targets. Furthermore, the role of the budget has a major effect on individual behavior in the preparation of the budget, by allowing unethical actions (budgetary slack). Background Problems: There are a few studies that measure the difference in the influence of social pressure between superiors and peers on individual’s behavior in the organizational budgeting process. On the other hand, there are inconsistencies in the results of the research into the role of religiosity in the creation of budgetary slack. Novelty: To explain why people are not influenced by social pressures to create budgetary slack, we use the Psychological Reactance Theory. We argue that religiosity is one factor that influences people in making decisions about participative budgeting. Religiosity is believed to be able to influence one's personal values, so it impacts on one's judgment and determination of whether a thing is good or bad. Research Methods: This study uses an experimental research method on 65 undergraduate accounting students and a 2x2 factorial design consisting of two factors, social pressure (obedience pressure and peer pressure) and religiosity (high and low). Finding/Results: The results show that religiosity is proven to play an important role in the budget decision-making process, futhermore it minimizes the occurrence of budgetary slack. Conclusion: Individuals who have high religiosity are proven to be better able to avoid creating budgetary slack compared to individuals who have low religiosity, when receiving pressure from superiors and peers. This result has implications for organizational stakeholders dealing with employee recruitment or in the organization's management control system, as religiosity is an important factor that must be prioritized.

scholarly journals PERANAN Synnematium sp. DALAM PENGENDALIAN Sanurus indecora JACOBI (HOMOPTERA: FLATIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
TRI L. MARDININGSIH ◽  
ELNA KARMAWATI ◽  
TRI EKO WAHYONO
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRAK<br />Sanurus indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama yang<br />menyerang tanaman jambu mete di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Di<br />Lombok Timur, hama ini diserang oleh cendawan Synnematium sp.<br />Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah<br />cendawan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan S. indecora.<br />Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Synnematium sp.<br />dalam pengendalian S. indecora dilakukan di Desa Pohgading, Kecamatan<br />Pringgabaya dan di Desa Wanasaba, Kecamatan Wanasaba, Kabupaten<br />Lombok Timur dari bulan Juni sampai September 2004. Penelitian terdiri<br />atas dua kegiatan yaitu di tingkat pot (bibit) dan lapang. Penelitian di<br />tingkat pot terdiri atas tiga kegiatan yaitu aplikasi cendawan terhadap telur,<br />nimfa, imago pada bibit jambu mete (10 telur/ serangga/ bibit). Rancangan<br />yang digunakan ialah acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan diulang<br />enam kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah telur atau serangga<br />yang mati karena terserang Synnematium sp. mulai satu sampai tujuh hari<br />setelah perlakuan. Penelitian lapang menggunakan rancangan acak<br />kelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua macam faktor yaitu<br />pola tanam dan konsentrasi Synnematium sp. Parameter yang diamati<br />adalah populasi S. indecora, tingkat serangan, jumlah bunga hermaprodit<br />sebelum perlakuan dan jumlah buah yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa cendawan Synnematium sp. yang diaplikasikan pada<br />nimfa S. indecora dan bibit menyebabkan kematian serangga tertinggi<br />mencapai 98,33%. Kematian serangga pada ketiga macam konsentrasi<br />Synnematium sp. baik pada telur, nimfa dan imago tidak berbeda nyata.<br />Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi terkecil yaitu 20 g/l atau setara dengan<br />konsentrasi spora 1,64 x 10 8  sudah efektif menyebabkan kematian S.<br />indecora. Penurunan populasi S. indecora oleh Synnematium sp. efektif<br />dengan konsentrasi 20 g/l sebesar 24,14% dibandingkan dengan kontrol.<br />Tingkat serangan berkorelasi positif dengan populasi serangga.<br />Kata kunci: Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., hama, Sanurus<br />indecora, pengendalian hayati, Synnematium sp. Nusa<br />Tenggara Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />The role of Synnematium sp. in controling Sanurus<br />indecora JACOBI (Homoptera : Flatidae)<br />Sanurus indecora is one of major pests attacking cashew plants in<br />West Nusa Tenggara Province. In East Lombok, this insect pest was<br />attacked by fungi of Synnematium sp. Based on that, the experiment was<br />conducted to find out whether the fungi could be used to control S.<br />indecora or not. The objective of the experiment was to examine the role<br />of Synnematium sp. in the controlling S. indecora. It was carried out in<br />Pohgading, Pringgabaya and Wanasaba, District of East Lombok from<br />June to September 2004. The experiment consisted of two activities<br />namely polybag stage and field activities. Polybag stage activities<br />consisted of three activities namely application of Synnematium sp. on<br />eggs, nymphs, adults on seedling (10 eggs/insect/seedling). The<br />experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four<br />treatments and six replications. Observation was conducted on the number<br />of dead eggs, nymphs and adults attacked by Synnematium sp. from one to<br />seven days after treatment. While field activities used a randomized block<br />design arranged in a factorial with two factors i. e. plant pattern and<br />concentration of Synnematium sp. Parameters observed were population of<br />S. indecora, the degree of attack, the number of hermaphrodite flowers<br />before application and the number of developed fruits. Research results<br />showed that Synnematium sp. sprayed to nymphs of S. indecora and<br />seedling caused the highest mortality of S. indecora that reached 98.33%.<br />Mortality of S. indecora on the three concentrations either on eggs,<br />nymphs and direct application to adults was not significantly different. In<br />this experiment, the smallest concentration i.e. 20 g/l or equivalent with<br />concentration of spore 1.64 x 10 8  was effective to cause the death of S.<br />indecora. The decrease of S. indecora population by Synnematium sp. was<br />effective with concentration of 20g/l as many as 24,14% compared with<br />control. The degree of attack was positively correlated with population of<br />S. indecora.<br />Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., pest , Sanurus indecora,<br />biological control, Synnematium sp. Nusa Tenggara Barat

Consumers’ reactions to variety reduction in grocery stores: a freedom of choice perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1931-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevas Argouslidis ◽  
Dionysis Skarmeas ◽  
Antonios Kühn ◽  
Alexis Mavrommatis
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Patronage Intentions

Purpose This paper aims to propose a framework for psychological reactance–triggered adverse effects of variety reductions in grocery product categories on shoppers’ patronage intentions. Design/methodology/approach The paper tests this framework in two field studies with European shoppers. Findings Participants perceived mild (let alone aggressive or conspicuous) variety reductions as a threat to their prior freedom of choice (i.e. a precondition for the occurrence of domain-specific reactance). Through lower satisfaction with the reduced variety and anger towards the grocer, this threat, in turn, fostered adverse patronage intentions. Such effects depended on product category nature (utilitarian vs hedonic) and shoppers’ intrinsic need for variety, attitude towards private-label items and general proclivity towards experiencing reactance. Research limitations/implications By applying psychological reactance theory to a variety reduction context, this paper offers new implications for assortment reduction research. Certain limitations call for future reactance theory–framed inquiry. Practical implications The findings caution against traditional grocers’ drastic variety reduction policy and highlight conditions enabling assortment rationalisation without severely affecting freedom of choice. Originality/value Drawing on notions such as “the tyranny of choice”, critics have urged traditional grocers to drastically reduce variety. However, this paper shows that shoppers perceive variety reductions as threats to their prior freedom, which traditional grocers themselves educated them to expect and enjoy.

When countermessaging backfires: The role of obsessive passion in psychological reactance.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn J. Bélanger ◽  
Birga M. Schumpe ◽  
Claudia F. Nisa ◽  
Manuel Moyano
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Obsessive Passion

Factors Influencing the Separation of Glu-Plasminogen Affinity Forms I and II by Affinity Chromatography

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan W Traas ◽  
Bep Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
Willem Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryNative human plasminogen, the proenzyme of plasmin (E. C. 3.4.21.7) occurs in blood in two well defined forms, affinity forms I and II. In this paper, the feasibility of separating these forms of human native plasminogen by affinity chromatography, is shown to be dependent on two factors: 1) the ionic composition of the buffer containing the displacing agent: buffers of varying contents of sodium, Tris, phosphate and chloride ions were compared, and 2) the type of adsorbent. Two adsorbents were compared: Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose-bisoxirane-lysine. Only in the phosphate containing buffers, irrespective of the type of adsorbent, the affinity forms can be separated. The influence of the adsorbent can be accounted for by a large difference in dissociation constants of the complex between plasminogen and the immobilized lysine.

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