scholarly journals PERANAN Synnematium sp. DALAM PENGENDALIAN Sanurus indecora JACOBI (HOMOPTERA: FLATIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
TRI L. MARDININGSIH ◽  
ELNA KARMAWATI ◽  
TRI EKO WAHYONO
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRAK<br />Sanurus indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama yang<br />menyerang tanaman jambu mete di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Di<br />Lombok Timur, hama ini diserang oleh cendawan Synnematium sp.<br />Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah<br />cendawan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan S. indecora.<br />Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Synnematium sp.<br />dalam pengendalian S. indecora dilakukan di Desa Pohgading, Kecamatan<br />Pringgabaya dan di Desa Wanasaba, Kecamatan Wanasaba, Kabupaten<br />Lombok Timur dari bulan Juni sampai September 2004. Penelitian terdiri<br />atas dua kegiatan yaitu di tingkat pot (bibit) dan lapang. Penelitian di<br />tingkat pot terdiri atas tiga kegiatan yaitu aplikasi cendawan terhadap telur,<br />nimfa, imago pada bibit jambu mete (10 telur/ serangga/ bibit). Rancangan<br />yang digunakan ialah acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan diulang<br />enam kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah telur atau serangga<br />yang mati karena terserang Synnematium sp. mulai satu sampai tujuh hari<br />setelah perlakuan. Penelitian lapang menggunakan rancangan acak<br />kelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua macam faktor yaitu<br />pola tanam dan konsentrasi Synnematium sp. Parameter yang diamati<br />adalah populasi S. indecora, tingkat serangan, jumlah bunga hermaprodit<br />sebelum perlakuan dan jumlah buah yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa cendawan Synnematium sp. yang diaplikasikan pada<br />nimfa S. indecora dan bibit menyebabkan kematian serangga tertinggi<br />mencapai 98,33%. Kematian serangga pada ketiga macam konsentrasi<br />Synnematium sp. baik pada telur, nimfa dan imago tidak berbeda nyata.<br />Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi terkecil yaitu 20 g/l atau setara dengan<br />konsentrasi spora 1,64 x 10 8  sudah efektif menyebabkan kematian S.<br />indecora. Penurunan populasi S. indecora oleh Synnematium sp. efektif<br />dengan konsentrasi 20 g/l sebesar 24,14% dibandingkan dengan kontrol.<br />Tingkat serangan berkorelasi positif dengan populasi serangga.<br />Kata kunci: Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., hama, Sanurus<br />indecora, pengendalian hayati, Synnematium sp. Nusa<br />Tenggara Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />The role of Synnematium sp. in controling Sanurus<br />indecora JACOBI (Homoptera : Flatidae)<br />Sanurus indecora is one of major pests attacking cashew plants in<br />West Nusa Tenggara Province. In East Lombok, this insect pest was<br />attacked by fungi of Synnematium sp. Based on that, the experiment was<br />conducted to find out whether the fungi could be used to control S.<br />indecora or not. The objective of the experiment was to examine the role<br />of Synnematium sp. in the controlling S. indecora. It was carried out in<br />Pohgading, Pringgabaya and Wanasaba, District of East Lombok from<br />June to September 2004. The experiment consisted of two activities<br />namely polybag stage and field activities. Polybag stage activities<br />consisted of three activities namely application of Synnematium sp. on<br />eggs, nymphs, adults on seedling (10 eggs/insect/seedling). The<br />experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four<br />treatments and six replications. Observation was conducted on the number<br />of dead eggs, nymphs and adults attacked by Synnematium sp. from one to<br />seven days after treatment. While field activities used a randomized block<br />design arranged in a factorial with two factors i. e. plant pattern and<br />concentration of Synnematium sp. Parameters observed were population of<br />S. indecora, the degree of attack, the number of hermaphrodite flowers<br />before application and the number of developed fruits. Research results<br />showed that Synnematium sp. sprayed to nymphs of S. indecora and<br />seedling caused the highest mortality of S. indecora that reached 98.33%.<br />Mortality of S. indecora on the three concentrations either on eggs,<br />nymphs and direct application to adults was not significantly different. In<br />this experiment, the smallest concentration i.e. 20 g/l or equivalent with<br />concentration of spore 1.64 x 10 8  was effective to cause the death of S.<br />indecora. The decrease of S. indecora population by Synnematium sp. was<br />effective with concentration of 20g/l as many as 24,14% compared with<br />control. The degree of attack was positively correlated with population of<br />S. indecora.<br />Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., pest , Sanurus indecora,<br />biological control, Synnematium sp. Nusa Tenggara Barat

scholarly journals Trapping Activity of Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides on the Presence of Sawdust, Microorganisms, and Nematodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Sudirman Sudirman ◽  
Karwati Zawani
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Once biological control agents of nematodes are introduced into soil, they must function in a very complex and dynamicenvironment. In soil, both nematodes and their antagonists are influenced by other biotic and abiotic factors. However,our knowledge of the effects of these factors in soil is limited. Hence, instead of focusing on the role of individualorganisms in controlling nematode pests, this research aimed to determine the effects of sawdust, microorganisms,and nematodes on trapping activity of Arthrobotrys dactyloides. Experiments were conducted with “standardslide test” and “soil microcosm” using soil amended with various concentrations or without sawdust, with thepresence or the absence of microorganisms, and with the presence or the absence of nematodes (Caenorhabditiselegans and/or Meloidogyne javanica). The experiments were carried out with completely randomized design anddata were analyzed with analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Different test. Resultsshowed that sawdust did not have direct effect on ring formation and trapping activity of A. dactyloides. However,sawdust did have effect on microorganisms and C. elegans which then these two factors stimulated ring formationand trapping activity of A. dactyloides.

scholarly journals The Insecticide Toxicity and Repelling Ability of Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Leaf Extract on Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfia Wulansari ◽  
Nur Rochman ◽  
Setyono Setyono
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Insecticide Toxicity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. is a primary storage insect pest damaging maize grains. Control of S. zeamais can be done by applying biopesticide. This study was aimed at assessing the ability of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, as biopesticide, to kill and repel Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop in March to August 2018. A completely randomized design with three replicates in each rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was used. In preliminary pesticide toxicity experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In preliminary repelling ability experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In the main pesticide toxicity and repelling ability trial, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% were applied. Results showed that in 24 hour after treating (HAT) no significant effects were found. Significant effects of Jeruk Purut leaf extract as insecticide on S. zeamais were found in 48 and 72 HAT. The highest mortality rate (82.2%) of S. zeamais was found in 15% rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 72 HAT. The application of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was not found to give significant effects on repelling S. zeamais in 24, 48, and 72 HAT as indicated in their sharply fluctuating repellent values. The highest repelling ability (95%) was found in the application of 9% Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 24 HAT. It was concluded that Jeruk Purut leaf extract was more potential as insecticide repellent for Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Key words: biopesticide, repellent, insecticide, maize, primary storage insect pest

scholarly journals Exploration and Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. from Jember and Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia Cacao Plantation as A Biological Control of Phytophthora palmivora

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Henik Sukorini ◽  
Feby Wirasdenty Aigahayunindy ◽  
Erfan Dani Septia ◽  
Netnapis Khewkhom
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Cacao Plantation ◽  
All Treatment

Fruit rot disease is very damaging to cacao pods, which is caused by Phytoptora palmivora. The attack rate of P. palmivora varies. In Java, losses due to this disease reduce yields by 90 %. P. palmivora is a soil–borne pathogen. It is currently included in the Kingdom Chromista. Control with fungicides is not successful at this time, the alternatives is biologis control with Trichoderma sp. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was arranged in factorial with two factors. The first factor was Trichoderma sp. the second factor was P. palmivora. All treatment combinations were repeated three times. Trichoderma sp. antagonist test to P. palmivora was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then further tested using a 5 % BNJ. Trichoderma sp. origin from Jember and Trenggalek districts, East Java, Indonesia were able to act as antagonists against P. palmivora with the highest inhibitory of 78 %. In comparison, the lowest inhibitory was 70 % of isolates from Jember district, East java, Indoe. Characteristics of Trichoderma sp. The origin of Trenggalek Regency and Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia in inhibiting the growth of P. palmivora has the same species, namely Trichoderma harzianum.

scholarly journals The Role of MycoSilvi, Lime and Compost on The Growth of Balsa (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) Seedling in Post Silica Sand Mine Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Sri Wilarso ◽  
Putri Maharani ◽  
Andi Sukendro ◽  
Cahyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

Problems arising from silica sand mining are decreasing soil fertility, as well as the presence of high heavy metals such as Fe and Al, which inhibits the growth of revegetation plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of the growth of balsa seedlings (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) on silica sand post-mining media treated with MycoSilvi, compost, and lime and determine the most optimal combination of MycoSilvi, compost, and lime treatment. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with a split-plot design with 3 treatment factors, namely the addition of MycoSilvi, compost, and lime. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The results showed that the planting media that were not treated (control) was not able to support the growth of balsa seedlings. The interaction of MycoSilvi, compost, and lime significantly affected the height, diameter, biomass, and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization parameters, and significantly affected the plant chlorophyll content. The combination of MycoSilvi type 1 treatment, namely Glomus mosseae and lime (C0K1M1) type, resulted in the highest total growth rate, diameter, biomass, and colonization percentage compared to other treatments. The addition of lime and compost to the growth medium can reduce the degree of mycorrhizal dependency of balsa seedling.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Flakes Kacang Hijau dengan Penambahan Bahan Pengisi dan Air

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Maya Indra Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Absorption Ratio ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

(Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Mung Bean Flakes with The Addition of Fillers and Water) ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of mung bean flakes with the addition of fillers and water. The study was conducted using completely randomized design with two factors namely the addition of fillers and water. The results showed that the addition of fillers and water has significant (P≤0,01) effect on the water absorption ratio and protein levels of mung bean flakes. The best treatment was obtained by the mung bean flour without the addition of fillers with 150% of addition water with water absorption ratio of 204%, water content of 5,7%, protein of 22,01%, starch levels of 61,76%, organoleptic values of aroma of 2,61, color of 2,42, crispness of 2,72 and flavor of 2,83.

scholarly journals The role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children's preference for scarcity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Harper
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Children's Development

The present research investigated the role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children’s development of preference for scarcity. In two experiments, 5- to 7-year-olds assisted a fictional agent in choosing between relatively scarce versus abundant toys in a “virtual shop.” Experiment 1 investigated the role of extremity of scarcity in children’s preference for scarcity, while Experiment 2 investigated the role of the presence of competition. These two factors were anticipated to activate perceived threat to freedom to choose the scarce objects, resulting in motivational arousal to choose the scarce objects. Overall, a preference for scarcity increased with age. When threat to freedom of choice was induced, 7-year-olds showed a robust preference for scarcity in both experiments. The findings are discussed in the context of reactance theory and other factors influencing children’s patterns of responses, including prosociality. This research contributes to our understanding of children’s use of statistical information. Key words: scarcity, threat to freedom of choice, psychological reactance

scholarly journals Bioaktivitas ekstrak biji bintaro terhadap kutu daun Aphis gossypii GLOVER dan pengaruhnya terhadap tanaman cabai

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/8380 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Rial Mustiarif ◽  
Djamilah Djamilah ◽  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Agustin Zakarni
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Factors

Aphis gossypii Glover hama penting tanaman cabai, dapat dikendalian dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi waktu aplikasi dan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar biji bintaro (Cerbera odollam G.) dalam mengendalikan A. gossypii Glover serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah waktu aplikasi ekstrak (waktu sebelum dan waktu setelah infestasi A. gossypii Glover). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi ekstrak bintaro (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi 1% ekstrak biji bintaro menyebabkan mortalitas kutu daunnya 68% sedangkan pada konsentrasi 3% mortalitasnya mencapai 90%. Ekstrak biji bintaro yang diberikan sebelum hama diinfestasikan menyebabkan mortalitas kutu daun 59,5% sedangkan jika diberikan setelah hama diinfestasikan mortalitasnya meningkat menjadi 77,6%. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 ekstrak biji bintaro diaplikasikan sebelum dan setelah hama diinfestasikan secara berurutan adalah 1,8%; 4,4%; 0,57% dan 2,8%. A. gossypii Glover yang diinfestasikan pada tanaman berumur 4 minggu dan disemprot dengan ekstrak biji bintaro pada konsentrasi 1% dapat menurunkan intensitas kerusakan pada hari ke tujuh setelah infestasi dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun, bobot segar maupun bobot kering tanaman cabai. Ekstrak biji bintaro dapat dikembangkan sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama A. gossypii Glover pada tanaman cabai. Aphis gossypii Glover is an important sucking insect pest of the pepper (Capsicum annum L.), Can be controlled by using natural pesticides. The study aimed to evaluate the application time and concentration of Cerbera odollam G. seed extract in controlling A. gossypii and their effects on pepper, C. annum. Complete randomized design was used in this experiment, with two factors, and was repeated three times. The first factor was the time of application of the extract, consisting of before and after A. gossypii infestation. The second factor was the concentration of C. odollam extract (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%). The results indicated the C. odollam seed extract affected the mortality of A. gossypii. At a concentration of 1% of C. odollam seed extract, the mortality of A. gossypii was 68% while at a concentration of 3% the mortality reached up to 90%. C. odollam seed extract applied before infestation, the mortality of A. gossypii was 59.5% whereas, after the infestation, the mortality increased up to 77.6%. LC50 and LC90 extract of C. odollam seeds applied before and after infestation were 1.8%; 4.4%; 0.57% and 2.8% respectively. A. gossypii infested at 8 weeks old pepper and sprayed with C. odollam seed extract at a concentration of 1% lowered the crop damage on the seventh day after infestation. On the other hand, the application of C. odollam seed extract did not affect the number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight of pepper. This study indicate that C. odollam seed extract can be developed as a natural pesticide to control A. gossypii on pepper..

scholarly journals Analisis Efektifitas Tepung Jamur sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Yekki Yasmin ◽  
Lenni Fitri ◽  
Betty Mauliya Bustam
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biology Department ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research is about effectivity analysis of two kinds of fungi i.e. Beauveria bassiana and Metharrizium anisopliae as Aedes aegyptilarvacide, it has been conducted at laboratories Zoology in Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Syiah KualaUniversity. Aims of this research were estimating maximum time storage of fungi powder as effective larvacide and the number of bacteriacolonies were found in water used for experiment. This research was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiments consistof two factors i.e kind and saving time of fungi. The result show that the longer the storage time of Beauveria bassiana the more ineffectiveit was as larvacide and the least fungi colonies were found. Metharrizium anisopliae on the other hand, the longer it was kept, the moreeffective it was as larvacide and the more fungi colonies were found.

scholarly journals The effect of organic fertilizer chicken on the growth of papaya plants in palm oil plantation: a case study of Naga Sari Village, Mestong, Muaro Jambi District

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A T Maryani ◽  
N Mirna ◽  
F F Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has caused soil degradation and is harmful to human health. Organic fertilizers made from animal waste have received worldwide attention because they are not detrimental to health or the environment. This paper describes the effect of using organic fertilizers from chicken manure on the growth of papaya plants. A completely randomized design was used in this study using two factors and three repetitions; the variations of the fertilizers given were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g. This study informed that organic chicken manure had a significant effect on the growth of oil palm and papaya plants. The best growth is oil palm and papaya plants given 200 g of organic fertilizer from chicken manure.

scholarly journals Rumen fermentation kinetics as impacted by red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder using in vitro gas production technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Background A need for research searching for alternative rumen enhancers warrants immediate attention. The in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement of two factors of roughage to concentrate and seven level of red amaranth leaf powder percentage of total substrate in a Completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors, namely Factor A was two ratio of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and Factor B was level of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder (RALP) supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% of total dietary substrate. Results Red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) contained phytonutrients both condensed tannins and saponins in addition with high macro minerals (Ca, K, and Mg). This experiment revealed innovations of the RALP supplementation by enhancing rumen propionate (C3) production, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, reducing protozoal population and mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, rumen dry matter degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced (P < 0.001) by increasing RALP supplementation. Conclusion Plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) have a vital and promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate degradability.

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