scholarly journals Degree Of Compliance With Public Consultation For Awarded Wind Turbine Contracts Under LRP I Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Engagement Process

Municipalities and residents criticized the planning process for large-scale wind energy projects imposed on them under the Green Energy Act, 2009 (GEA). As such, the Ontario government promised improvements in public engagement, and the FIT policies were replaced by the Large Renewable Procurement (LRP) process. To determine the compliance with the Independent Electricity System Operator’s engagement process under the LRP I, interviews with municipal planners and abutting landowners were conducted, and document information was reviewed. The key findings of this study include: 1) the final results did not support increased engagement statements made by both, former Minister of Energy Bob Chiarelli and Premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne, as the majority of projects were awarded a contract without municipal support or abutting landowner support; and 2) all developers conducted mandatory consultation; however, the majority failed to truly engage with all stakeholders who would be the most affected by the project.

scholarly journals Degree Of Compliance With Public Consultation For Awarded Wind Turbine Contracts Under LRP I Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Engagement Process

Municipalities and residents criticized the planning process for large-scale wind energy projects imposed on them under the Green Energy Act, 2009 (GEA). As such, the Ontario government promised improvements in public engagement, and the FIT policies were replaced by the Large Renewable Procurement (LRP) process. To determine the compliance with the Independent Electricity System Operator’s engagement process under the LRP I, interviews with municipal planners and abutting landowners were conducted, and document information was reviewed. The key findings of this study include: 1) the final results did not support increased engagement statements made by both, former Minister of Energy Bob Chiarelli and Premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne, as the majority of projects were awarded a contract without municipal support or abutting landowner support; and 2) all developers conducted mandatory consultation; however, the majority failed to truly engage with all stakeholders who would be the most affected by the project.

Comparative Exploration of Mini Vertical Axis Breeze-Driven Generator

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 964-967
Author(s):  
Shu Hua Bai ◽  
Hai Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Fossil Energy

Nowadays, energy crisis is becoming increasingly serious. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and other fossil energy tend to be exhausted due to the crazy exploration. In recent decades, several long lasting local wars broke out in large scale in Mideast and North Africa because of the fighting for the limited petroleum. The reusable green energy in our life like enormous wind power, solar power, etc is to become the essential energy. This article is to conduct a comparative exploration of mini wind turbine, with the purpose of finding a good way to effectively deal with the energy crisis.

Simulation of Flow Field on a Large Scale Wind Turbine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Janajreh ◽  
C. Ghenai
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capital Costs

Large scale wind turbines and wind farms continue to evolve mounting 94.1GW of the electrical grid capacity in 2007 and expected to reach 160.0GW in 2010 according to World Wind Energy Association. They commence to play a vital role in the quest for renewable and sustainable energy. They are impressive structures of human responsiveness to, and awareness of, the depleting fossil fuel resources. Early generation wind turbines (windmills) were used as kinetic energy transformers and today generate 1/5 of the Denmark’s electricity and planned to double the current German grid capacity by reaching 12.5% by year 2010. Wind energy is plentiful (72 TW is estimated to be commercially viable) and clean while their intensive capital costs and maintenance fees still bar their widespread deployment in the developing world. Additionally, there are technological challenges in the rotor operating characteristics, fatigue load, and noise in meeting reliability and safety standards. Newer inventions, e.g., downstream wind turbines and flapping rotor blades, are sought to absorb a larger portion of the cost attributable to unrestrained lower cost yaw mechanisms, reduction in the moving parts, and noise reduction thereby reducing maintenance. In this work, numerical analysis of the downstream wind turbine blade is conducted. In particular, the interaction between the tower and the rotor passage is investigated. Circular cross sectional tower and aerofoil shapes are considered in a staggered configuration and under cross-stream motion. The resulting blade static pressure and aerodynamic forces are investigated at different incident wind angles and wind speeds. Comparison of the flow field results against the conventional upstream wind turbine is also conducted. The wind flow is considered to be transient, incompressible, viscous Navier-Stokes and turbulent. The k-ε model is utilized as the turbulence closure. The passage of the rotor blade is governed by ALE and is represented numerically as a sliding mesh against the upstream fixed tower domain. Both the blade and tower cross sections are padded with a boundary layer mesh to accurately capture the viscous forces while several levels of refinement were implemented throughout the domain to assess and avoid the mesh dependence.

Decision Support System for Wind Farm Installation Using Bipolar Analysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmina Bouzarour-Amokrane ◽  
Ayeley P. Tchangani ◽  
François Pérès
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Support System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
And Performance

The necessity to control and reduce the negative impact of human activities on environment and life quality along with technology progress in renewable energy in general and wind energy in particular render it possible today to consider wind energy projects on a large scale. Developing wind energy on a large scale however raises other problems such as choosing an adequate site to settle a wind farm where many other issues such technical feasibility and performance levels, visual pollution, economic and social concerns, etc. must be addressed. Such decisions usually involve many parameters and necessitate the collaboration of many stakeholders. In this context, this chapter proposes an approach based on the concept of bipolar analysis through Benefit Opportunity Cost and Risk (BOCR) analysis, which permits one to address correctly a Group Decision-Making Problem (GDMP) to build a decision support system in order to assist the wind farm installation process.

Improved design of Savonius rotor for green energy production from moving Singapore metropolitan rapid transit train inside tunnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 2426-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Laws ◽  
Rajagopal V Bethi ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Santanu Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Savonius Wind Turbine

Nonrenewable fossil fuels are finite resources that will ultimately deplete in near future. Nature sheds colossal amount of renewable wind energy but humans harvest a morsel. Taking this into account a numerical study is proposed on wind energy harvesting from a speeding subway train. Subways trains generate a remarkable gust of wind that can be transferred to useful electrical energy on daily basis. To this aim, a numerical analysis is modeled by placing Savonius wind turbine in a subway tunnel to crop the wind energy produced from the speeding train. The passage of train in the tunnel generates very high velocity slipstreams along the length of the tunnel. The slipstream phenomena develop a boundary layer regime that will be absorbed by the Savonius wind turbine to self-start and generate power. In the present study, a two-dimensional numerical simulation with modified turbine blade design is carried out using open source tool OpenFOAM® with PimpleDyMFoam solver coupled with six degrees of freedom mesh motion solver sixDoFRigidBodyMotion and k–ɛ turbulence modeling, to measure the amount of torque predicted by the rotor from the gust of wind produced by the speeding train in the tunnel. Being a self-start turbine with no yaw mechanism required the turbine collects air from any direction and converts it into useful power.

scholarly journals Contesting energy transitions: wind power and conflicts in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Avila-Calero
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

Abstract This article studies the expansion of large-scale wind energy projects on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Mexico) and local socio-environmental conflicts that have emerged in response. It explores how the neoliberal agenda in Mexico is shaping a specific way of implementing wind energy projects, and how this is leading to local resistance and the production of alternatives. The article is based on a historical analysis reconstructing the main features of wind power development, and pathways of struggle. By following a political ecology perspective, wind energy is seen as embedded in a wider frame of power relations and the uneven patterns of the Mexican economy. The struggles of indigenous groups are thus analyzed as the expression of peripheral communities against the enclosure of communal lands, the private appropriation of benefits, and the lack of democratic procedures involved in these projects. The discussion emphasizes the role of communal identities and institutions in building successful networks, while introducing new concepts (energy sovereignty) and alternative schemes in wind power production (cooperatives). The overall approach of the article is that any move towards a different energy system should be politically encouraged by social and cultural means, rather than be largely economically motivated. Keywords: wind energy, neoliberalism, socio-environmental conflicts, energy sovereignty, cooperatives, Tehuantepec

scholarly journals Navigating Contested Winds: Development Visions and Anti-Politics of Wind Energy in Northern Kenya

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gargule Achiba
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Corporate Strategies

State-led development visions and the accompanying large-scale investments at the geographical margins of Kenya rest on the potential of public–private partnerships to fast-tract sustainable development through accelerated investments. Yet, the conceptualisation, planning and implementation of these visions often deploy a depoliticising development discourse that reinforces and expands long-standing misconceptions about the margins primarily directed at pastoral livelihoods and related communal land tenure. This paper illustrates how the implementation of a wind energy project employs the corporate strategies of depoliticising both land claims and development interventions. In Northern Kenya, private sector participation in large-scale wind energy infrastructure has created a complex development apparatus in which players are empowered to undertake the accelerated investments required to shape the delivery of the Kenya Vision 2030 in the region. An analysis of corporate actors’ strategies in the implementation of the contested wind farm presents a depoliticised framing of “low-cost green energy”, representations of pastoral land tenure and corporate social responsibility strategies through which dispossession is justified and legitimised. This case underscores the extent to which corporate counterresistance is shaped by the reproduction of a historical depoliticised discourse about pastoralism and communal tenure and challenges the traditional narrative of government hegemony against local resistance to large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs).

The effects of socio-environmental constraints on Norway’s renewable energy potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Zeyringer ◽  
James Price ◽  
Eline Mannino
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
System Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
The Impact

<p>The decarbonisation of power production is key to achieving the Paris Agreement goal. Wind and solar energy have matured and decreased in cost rapidly into cost-effective decarbonisation solutions. However, the location of renewables effects the impact on the environment and the communities they are sited. Thus, socio-environmental constraints can strongly limit the overall capacity potential affecting the technology choices, resulting costs and political feasibilities of reaching the national emission reduction targets. Nevertheless, socio-environmental acceptance is usually not considered when studying the transition to a net-zero energy system.</p><p>Norway has one of the best wind energy potentials in Europe and a large scale deployment in combination with increased interconnection could have effects on the rest of the European power system. However, recent projects have been facing large opposition. This may be surprising as Norway has very low population density but the right to unspoilt nature is strongly anchored in the Norwegian culture and Sami reindeer herding could be disturbed by wind projects.  In 2019 the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) proposed a national framework for wind energy which defined the most suitable areas for wind energy development. After massive protests the framework was recently withdrawn by the government. Offshore wind energy is often seen as a potential solution as socio-environmental opposition is expected to be lower but it is more expensive. However, it is as socio-political decision to choose a more expensive technology, site or mitigation option. A spatially-dependent capacity assessment under different socio-environmental scenarios and their effect on energy system design is missing to allow for such discussion.</p><p>Here, we close this gap by analysing the NVE framework, previous concessions and related opinions, literature, newspaper articles and perform interviews with key stakeholders to design three scenarios of socio-environmental acceptability for onshore/offshore wind and solar energy. Based on the here developed scenarios we then conduct a GIS analysis to determine the spatially dependent capacity potential per technology and scenario. Finally, we implement these geospatial capacity scenarios into a high spatial and temporal resolution electricity system model for Europe (“highRES Europe”) to analyse the effects on the Norwegian and European electricity system design in 2050.  </p>

Structural Analysis of a Novel Ducted Wind Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohandas Menon ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Renewable energy technologies offer a competitive cost of energy values in large-scale power generations compared with those from traditional energy resources. In 2015, residential and commercial buildings consumed 40% of total US energy consumption. Short and long-term plans have been developed to further employing wind energy technologies for electricity generation. However, there is a significant gap in developing reliable utility-scaled distributed wind energy converters. Employing novel low-cost wind harnessing technologies in these sectors supports the renewable-energy expansion plans. A novel ducted wind turbine technology, called Wind Tower, for capturing wind power is designed and developed in earlier works. In this work, the Wind Tower structural analysis is conducted to obtain insights to the required materials and optimum components’ dimensions at an expanded range of wind flow regimes. A stable and robust design addresses the need for developing an optimum solution to obtain a maximum output power generation at a minimum cost of energy. It will lead to a maximum return on investment. The results demonstrate a superior structural performance of the Wind Tower Technology. It withstands pressure loads from high wind speed when it is installed as a standalone structure.

scholarly journals Comparative Environmental Assessment of Wind Energy Projects: Acoustic Load

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Background Noise Level ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Acoustic Load

Purpose. Comparative environmental assessment of wind energy projects from the perspective of the potential acoustic load on the environment: compliance with permissible values, specificity of propagation and optimization of siting. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of information, field research, cartographic and mathematical modelling. Results. In the most part of the study area, the background noise level reached rather high values, higher than the «comfort» level of 45 dB. The simulation of sound propagation from the wind turbine showed an attenuation to a value of less than 20 dB at a distance of 2 kilometers. The resulting acoustic load was calculated for the points referring to the buildings of the nearest settlements (for the case of installing the Enercon E-40 and Enercon E-115 wind turbines). The calculations of the resulting sound levels make it possible to state that the acoustic effect of the wind turbines in both siting strategies is 15-20 dB lower compared to the background noise level, the main component of which is wind noise. The excess of noise level was 5 dB for Enercon E-115, and 8-9 dB for Enercon E-40. Conclusions. According to the type of wind turbine, the noise level may overlap with the background level and produce a relatively less acoustic impact on the local population. Even in case of the extensive wind energy development strategy, the total noise levels will not exceed the background levels within the model site.

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