scholarly journals A computational analysis on energy consumption of a Ryerson building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adnan Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Building Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
Storey Building

This project analyses the energy consumption of 44 Gerrard St. East. This site is primarily used as the Ryerson University Theatre School and it consists of four classrooms, seventeen offices, six studios, and two theatre auditoriums. Since it is a three-storey building, plus a basement, thus, the energy level for this building is supposed to be moderate. However, because it is an old structure, constructed back in the early 1940s, this building seemingly has considerable energy consumption. The main objective of this energy assessment is to reduce the building load. This goal can be achieved by simplifying and controlling certain parameters that directly and indirectly involve energy consumption. For example, indoor temperature and relative humidity can be maintained at low level in winter and at high level in summer. In addition, monitoring heat loss, heat gain, infiltrations through the building surrounds, and the level of illumination for various types of lights helps to reduce overall energy consumption. Several other factors such as operating costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs influence the energy management of the site. With the help of energy management software, eQUEST, the structure, outlook of all the walls, windows, roof and the type of HVAC system can be developed for analysis. Through eQUEST, various tasks such as heat transfer involvement, energy consumption load calculations and load balancing in comparison with energy saving guidelines will be discussed in detail.

A computational analysis on energy consumption of a Ryerson building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adnan Naeem.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Building Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
Storey Building

This project analyses the energy consumption of 44 Gerrard St. East. This site is primarily used as the Ryerson University Theatre School and it consists of four classrooms, seventeen offices, six studios, and two theatre auditoriums. Since it is a three-storey building, plus a basement, thus, the energy level for this building is supposed to be moderate. However, because it is an old structure, constructed back in the early 1940s, this building seemingly has considerable energy consumption. The main objective of this energy assessment is to reduce the building load. This goal can be achieved by simplifying and controlling certain parameters that directly and indirectly involve energy consumption. For example, indoor temperature and relative humidity can be maintained at low level in winter and at high level in summer. In addition, monitoring heat loss, heat gain, infiltrations through the building surrounds, and the level of illumination for various types of lights helps to reduce overall energy consumption. Several other factors such as operating costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs influence the energy management of the site. With the help of energy management software, eQUEST, the structure, outlook of all the walls, windows, roof and the type of HVAC system can be developed for analysis. Through eQUEST, various tasks such as heat transfer involvement, energy consumption load calculations and load balancing in comparison with energy saving guidelines will be discussed in detail.

A computational analysis on energy consumption of a Ryerson building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adnan Naeem.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Building Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
Storey Building

This project analyses the energy consumption of 44 Gerrard St. East. This site is primarily used as the Ryerson University Theatre School and it consists of four classrooms, seventeen offices, six studios, and two theatre auditoriums. Since it is a three-storey building, plus a basement, thus, the energy level for this building is supposed to be moderate. However, because it is an old structure, constructed back in the early 1940s, this building seemingly has considerable energy consumption. The main objective of this energy assessment is to reduce the building load. This goal can be achieved by simplifying and controlling certain parameters that directly and indirectly involve energy consumption. For example, indoor temperature and relative humidity can be maintained at low level in winter and at high level in summer. In addition, monitoring heat loss, heat gain, infiltrations through the building surrounds, and the level of illumination for various types of lights helps to reduce overall energy consumption. Several other factors such as operating costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs influence the energy management of the site. With the help of energy management software, eQUEST, the structure, outlook of all the walls, windows, roof and the type of HVAC system can be developed for analysis. Through eQUEST, various tasks such as heat transfer involvement, energy consumption load calculations and load balancing in comparison with energy saving guidelines will be discussed in detail.

scholarly journals A computational analysis on energy consumption of a Ryerson building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adnan Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Building Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
Storey Building

This project analyses the energy consumption of 44 Gerrard St. East. This site is primarily used as the Ryerson University Theatre School and it consists of four classrooms, seventeen offices, six studios, and two theatre auditoriums. Since it is a three-storey building, plus a basement, thus, the energy level for this building is supposed to be moderate. However, because it is an old structure, constructed back in the early 1940s, this building seemingly has considerable energy consumption. The main objective of this energy assessment is to reduce the building load. This goal can be achieved by simplifying and controlling certain parameters that directly and indirectly involve energy consumption. For example, indoor temperature and relative humidity can be maintained at low level in winter and at high level in summer. In addition, monitoring heat loss, heat gain, infiltrations through the building surrounds, and the level of illumination for various types of lights helps to reduce overall energy consumption. Several other factors such as operating costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs influence the energy management of the site. With the help of energy management software, eQUEST, the structure, outlook of all the walls, windows, roof and the type of HVAC system can be developed for analysis. Through eQUEST, various tasks such as heat transfer involvement, energy consumption load calculations and load balancing in comparison with energy saving guidelines will be discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Influence of Materials in Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a Six Storey Building

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Building Component ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Storey Building

Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) is one of the evaluating tools for assessing environmental impact of various types of materials used in the buildings components. The LCEA is based on reduction of total amount of energy consumed during the life cycle of building. Operational phase has been taken and the energy consumed for the phase has been evaluated in this study for three cases with respect to change in materials. This mainly focuses on the change in the energy consumption due to the usage of RCC and Wood materials in various building component such as roofs and infill walls etc. under Indian conditions. A six storey building with a plan dimension of 48m x 24m is considered. The ‘eQuest’ is the quick energy simulation tool which is widely used to calculate the whole building’s energy performance. This tool is used to estimate the energy consumption in month wise on various aspects.

scholarly journals Building Energy Management Strategy Using an HVAC System and Energy Storage System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Kyu Kim ◽  
Myung-Hyun Shim ◽  
Dongjun Won
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Reduction Algorithm ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Building Energy Management

Recently, a worldwide movement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has emerged, and includes efforts such as the Paris Agreement in 2015. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to reduce unnecessary energy consumption or use environmentally-friendly energy sources and consumer products. Many studies have been performed on building energy management systems and energy storage systems (ESSs), which are aimed at efficient energy management. Herein, a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system peak load reduction algorithm and an ESS peak load reduction algorithm are proposed. First, an HVAC system accounts for the largest portion of building energy consumption. An HVAC system operates by considering the time-of-use price. However, because the indoor temperature is constantly changing with time, load shifting can be expected only immediately prior to use. Therefore, the primary objective is to reduce the operating time by changing the indoor temperature constraint at the forecasted peak time. Next, numerous research initiatives on ESSs are ongoing. In this study, we aim to systematically design the peak load reduction algorithm of ESS. The structure is designed such that the algorithm can be applied by distinguishing between the peak and non-peak days. Finally, the optimization scheduling simulation is performed. The result shows that the electricity price is minimized by peak load reduction and electricity usage reduction. The proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulations.

SMART NETWORKS FOR DIGITALIZATION OF URBAN ECONOMY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE “SMART CITY”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
S. V. PROKOPCHINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Intelligent Networks ◽  
Industrial Energy

The article deals with methodological and practical issues of building Bayesian intelligent networks (BIS) for digitalization of urban economy based on the principles of the “Smart city” concept. The BIS complex as a whole corresponds to the architecture of urban household management complexes for construction and industrial energy purposes for solving the problems of internal energy audit, accounting for energy consumption, ensuring energy security of enterprises and territories, in Addition, the system can become the basis for the implementation of a training center for energy management and housing.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Energy Management and Charging Strategy for Electric Bus Fleets in Cities Using Various ECO Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7865
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahedi Hasan ◽  
Nikos Avramis ◽  
Mikaela Ranta ◽  
Andoni Saez-de-Ibarra ◽  
Mohamed El Baghdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Eco Features

The paper presents use case simulations of fleets of electric buses in two cities in Europe, one with a warm Mediterranean climate and the other with a Northern European (cool temperate) climate, to compare the different climatic effects of the thermal management strategy and charging management strategy. Two bus routes are selected in each city, and the effects of their speed, elevation, and passenger profiles on the energy and thermal management strategy of vehicles are evaluated. A multi-objective optimization technique, the improved Simple Optimization technique, and a “brute-force” Monte Carlo technique were employed to determine the optimal number of chargers and charging power to minimize the total cost of operation of the fleet and the impact on the grid, while ensuring that all the buses in the fleet are able to realize their trips throughout the day and keeping the battery SoC within the constraints designated by the manufacturer. A mix of four different types of buses with different battery capacities and electric motor specifications constitute the bus fleet, and the effects that they have on charging priority are evaluated. Finally, different energy management strategies, including economy (ECO) features, such as ECO-comfort, ECO-driving, and ECO-charging, and their effects on the overall optimization are investigated. The single bus results indicate that 12 m buses have a significant battery capacity, allowing for multiple trips within their designated routes, while 18 m buses only have the battery capacity to allow for one or two trips. The fleet results for Barcelona city indicate an energy requirement of 4.42 GWh per year for a fleet of 36 buses, while for Gothenburg, the energy requirement is 5 GWh per year for a fleet of 20 buses. The higher energy requirement in Gothenburg can be attributed to the higher average velocities of the bus routes in Gothenburg, compared to those of the bus routes in Barcelona city. However, applying ECO-features can reduce the energy consumption by 15% in Barcelona city and by 40% in Gothenburg. The significant reduction in Gothenburg is due to the more effective application of the ECO-driving and ECO-charging strategies. The application of ECO-charging also reduces the average grid load by more than 10%, while shifting the charging towards non-peak hours. Finally, the optimization process results in a reduction of the total fleet energy consumption of up to 30% in Barcelona city, while in Gothenburg, the total cost of ownership of the fleet is reduced by 9%.

scholarly journals Online Implementation of a Soft Actor-Critic Agent to Enhance Indoor Temperature Control and Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Davide Coraci ◽  
Silvio Brandi ◽  
Marco Savino Piscitelli ◽  
Alfonso Capozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Online Implementation ◽  
Indoor Temperature Control

Recently, a growing interest has been observed in HVAC control systems based on Artificial Intelligence, to improve comfort conditions while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. In this work, a model-free algorithm belonging to the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) class, Soft Actor-Critic, was implemented to control the supply water temperature to radiant terminal units of a heating system serving an office building. The controller was trained online, and a preliminary sensitivity analysis on hyperparameters was performed to assess their influence on the agent performance. The DRL agent with the best performance was compared to a rule-based controller assumed as a baseline during a three-month heating season. The DRL controller outperformed the baseline after two weeks of deployment, with an overall performance improvement related to control of indoor temperature conditions. Moreover, the adaptability of the DRL agent was tested for various control scenarios, simulating changes of external weather conditions, indoor temperature setpoint, building envelope features and occupancy patterns. The agent dynamically deployed, despite a slight increase in energy consumption, led to an improvement of indoor temperature control, reducing the cumulative sum of temperature violations on average for all scenarios by 75% and 48% compared to the baseline and statically deployed agent respectively.

scholarly journals Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ivan Arango ◽  
Carlos Lopez ◽  
Alejandro Ceren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Drive Motor ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Chain Transmission ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Efficiency Map

Around the world, the e-bike has evolved from a recreational and sports object to an increasingly used means of transportation. Due to this, improving aspects such as range and energy efficiency has become very relevant. This article presents experimental models for the components’ efficiency of a mid-drive motor e-bike (charger; battery; and controller, motor, and reduction gears subsystem), and integrates them with previously elaborated models for the chain transmission system, thus generating an overall efficiency map of the e-bike. The range of the electric bicycle is analyzed by integrating the efficiency map of the system and its performance mathematical model, aiming to determine the per unit of distance battery energy consumption. The above-mentioned calculations are applied to develop a management strategy that can determine the optimal assistance level and chain transmission ratio, maximizing range and leaving speed unaffected. The driving strategy was compared against other driving techniques using computational analysis, this allowed for the observation of the proposed strategy improving the system’s range by reducing the battery energy consumption.

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