scholarly journals Cervical spine multi-body mathematical model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Taha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Total Magnitude ◽  
Growth And Aging ◽  
Multi Body

The human cervical spine is the most complicated structure in the vertebral column; its seven mobile vertebrae are interconnected in different ways and interact with many other parts of the body, in particularly [sic] the neck. Individual variations exist; with time, growth and aging can induce substantial changes in the components of each individual's spine. Knowledge of the function of the spine, from a mechanical viewpoint, is important to the study of both normal function and pathological processes. However, because of the structural complexity of the spine, only a limited understanding of the subject exists at present. Mathematical analogies are often used to study complex biological systems, which are difficult to investigate by using conventional experimental techniques. Hence, they are simulated and their behavior may then be studied in great detail. This project describes a mathematical model of the human cervical vertebral column. The model is comprised of a collection of equations expressing the mechanical relationships that must be obeyed among its elements, each of which represents a segment of a real vertebral column. Some degree of descriptive reality has been sacrificed in an effort to gain simplicity in approximating the behavior of the spine under a variety of conditions. The mathematical model was solved by preparing a special code as part of this project; determining dimensions and positions of neck components were another task since no such data are available in previous studies. However, most of the physical data of the neck was utilized from existing literature. The solution was determined by analyzing deflections, forces and stresses on each individual ligament and on each individual vertebra. Results of two case studies shown at the end of this project illustrate by figures depicted the projection views of the deflectuions of ligaments and total magnitude forces exerted on each vertebra.

scholarly journals Cervical spine multi-body mathematical model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Taha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Total Magnitude ◽  
Growth And Aging ◽  
Multi Body

The human cervical spine is the most complicated structure in the vertebral column; its seven mobile vertebrae are interconnected in different ways and interact with many other parts of the body, in particularly [sic] the neck. Individual variations exist; with time, growth and aging can induce substantial changes in the components of each individual's spine. Knowledge of the function of the spine, from a mechanical viewpoint, is important to the study of both normal function and pathological processes. However, because of the structural complexity of the spine, only a limited understanding of the subject exists at present. Mathematical analogies are often used to study complex biological systems, which are difficult to investigate by using conventional experimental techniques. Hence, they are simulated and their behavior may then be studied in great detail. This project describes a mathematical model of the human cervical vertebral column. The model is comprised of a collection of equations expressing the mechanical relationships that must be obeyed among its elements, each of which represents a segment of a real vertebral column. Some degree of descriptive reality has been sacrificed in an effort to gain simplicity in approximating the behavior of the spine under a variety of conditions. The mathematical model was solved by preparing a special code as part of this project; determining dimensions and positions of neck components were another task since no such data are available in previous studies. However, most of the physical data of the neck was utilized from existing literature. The solution was determined by analyzing deflections, forces and stresses on each individual ligament and on each individual vertebra. Results of two case studies shown at the end of this project illustrate by figures depicted the projection views of the deflectuions of ligaments and total magnitude forces exerted on each vertebra.

Variant origin of Common Interosseous Artery from Brachial Artery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pralhad D. Subbannavar
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Arterial Variations ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Interosseous Artery ◽  
Cubital Fossa ◽  
Dissection Techniques

Acharya Sushruta has emphasized the method and importance of dissection to study anatomy practically. Perfect knowledge of anatomy is vital for practicing surgeons and hence the training of dissecting the dead body was considered as mandatory for surgeons. Though dissection techniques may give the perception of the structure of organs, the pervading and subtle consciousness in the body can be experienced with the eyes of knowledge and penance only. Though the standard anatomy is defined based on statistical inferences on comparing large number of subjects, individual variations and exceptional structural specialties tend to occur quite frequently. Proper recording and publication of such instances would strengthen the knowledge base of the science. Knowledge regarding arterial variations of upper limb is important for surgeons and orthopedicians as they are commonly involved in invasive procedures. We report a case ofvariant origin of right common interosseous artery from brachial artery in cubital fossa. It followed a normal course after the origin.

Impact of Electric Vehicle Lateral Dynamics on the Battery Pack

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Sen Nan Song ◽  
Fa Chao Jiang ◽  
Hong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Body ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Rolling Angle ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The present work is concerned with the rolling motion of the battery pack when EV travelling on the road. First McPherson suspension system was regarded as the research object with detailed analysis of its structural features and motion characteristics. Establish the mathematical model which could apply to calculating the rolling motion of the vehicle body. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, we could calculate the rolling angle on passive suspension. On this basis, assume that the battery pack mounted on the vehicle body and make it passive connection and PID connection. When the body rolls, the battery pack will produce a certain angle then. Next establish the mathematical model to summarize the relationship between the two variables. Then we set the parameters and calculate the roll angle of battery pack in both cases for comparison. Simulation results show that road irregularities will make battery rotate an angle and PID controller can effectively reduce the angle, especially angular acceleration. This paper put forward a new idea that battery is connected with body by active control on EV, and proves the superiority in reducing the rolling angle.

The physical basis of mollusk shell chiral coiling

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (48) ◽  
pp. e2109210118
Author(s):  
Régis Chirat ◽  
Alain Goriely ◽  
Derek E. Moulton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symmetric Body ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Mollusk Shell

Snails are model organisms for studying the genetic, molecular, and developmental bases of left–right asymmetry in Bilateria. However, the development of their typical helicospiral shell, present for the last 540 million years in environments as different as the abyss or our gardens, remains poorly understood. Conversely, ammonites typically have a bilaterally symmetric, planispiraly coiled shell, with only 1% of 3,000 genera displaying either a helicospiral or a meandering asymmetric shell. A comparative analysis suggests that the development of chiral shells in these mollusks is different and that, unlike snails, ammonites with asymmetric shells probably had a bilaterally symmetric body diagnostic of cephalopods. We propose a mathematical model for the growth of shells, taking into account the physical interaction during development between the soft mollusk body and its hard shell. Our model shows that a growth mismatch between the secreted shell tube and a bilaterally symmetric body in ammonites can generate mechanical forces that are balanced by a twist of the body, breaking shell symmetry. In gastropods, where a twist is intrinsic to the body, the same model predicts that helicospiral shells are the most likely shell forms. Our model explains a large diversity of forms and shows that, although molluscan shells are incrementally secreted at their opening, the path followed by the shell edge and the resulting form are partly governed by the mechanics of the body inside the shell, a perspective that explains many aspects of their development and evolution.

Numerical modelling of swirling momentumless turbulent wake dynamics

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Андрей Геннадьевич Деменков ◽  
Геннадий Георгиевич Черных
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Turbulent Wake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Jet Flows ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Bodies Of Revolution ◽  
Averaged Equations

С применением математической модели, включающей осредненные уравнения движения и дифференциальные уравнения переноса нормальных рейнольдсовых напряжений и скорости диссипации, выполнено численное моделирование эволюции безымпульсного закрученного турбулентного следа с ненулевым моментом количества движения за телом вращения. Получено, что начиная с расстояний порядка 1000 диаметров от тела течение становится автомодельным. На основе анализа результатов численных экспериментов построены упрощенные математические модели дальнего следа. Swirling turbulent jet flows are of interest in connection with the design and development of various energy and chemical-technological devices as well as both study of flow around bodies and solving problems of environmental hydrodynamics, etc. An interesting example of such a flow is a swirling turbulent wake behind bodies of revolution. Analysis of the known works on the numerical simulation of swirling turbulent wakes behind bodies of revolution indicates lack of knowledge on the dynamics of the momentumless swirling turbulent wake. A special case of the motion of a body with a propulsor whose thrust compensates the swirl is studied, but there is a nonzero integral swirl in the flow. In previous works with the participation of the authors, a numerical simulation of the initial stage of the evolution of a swirling momentumless turbulent wake based on a hierarchy of second-order mathematical models was performed. It is shown that a satisfactory agreement of the results of calculations with the available experimental data is possible only with the use of a mathematical model that includes the averaged equations of motion and differential equations for the transfer of normal Reynolds stresses along the rate of dissipation. In the present work, based on the above mentioned mathematical model, a numerical simulation of the evolution of a far momentumless swirling turbulent wake with a nonzero angular momentum behind the body of revolution is performed. It is shown that starting from distances of the order of 1000 diameters from the body the flow becomes self-similar. Based on the analysis of the results of numerical experiments, simplified mathematical models of the far wake are constructed. The authors dedicate this work to the blessed memory of Vladimir Alekseevich Kostomakha.

Simulation of cancer treatment using the MATLAB SimBiology application

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Anastasia Goncharova ◽  
Maria Vil'
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Application Package ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Cancerous Cells

The paper presents the implementation of the mathematical model of cancer taking into account interference competition and the model of continuous treatment with a constant concentration of the drug in the patient's blood. The implementation was carried out using the MATLAB SimBiology application package. The principle of implementation of different stages of the course of the disease within the framework of one model is described. On the basis of the constructed models and SimBiology tools, a modification was carried out that implements the discrete administration of doses of the drug in courses and takes into account its dynamics in the body, taking into account the assumption that the drug is consumed only to suppress cancerous cells.

The Neandertal vertebral column 1: The cervical spine

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Gómez-Olivencia ◽  
Ella Been ◽  
Juan Luis Arsuaga ◽  
Jay T. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Vertebral Column

scholarly journals Odontoid process fracture in 2 year old child: a rare case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Prajapati Hanuman Prasad ◽  
Singh Deepak Kumar ◽  
Singh Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Yadav Kuldeep
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spine Injuries ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures ◽  
Odontoid Process Fracture

Abstract In small childrens spine injuries are rare. In this age group upper cervical spine is commonally affected. Odontoid process fracture involve only a subset of cervical spine fractures. In small childrens, this fracture typically involves the cartilaginousplate that separates the odontoid process from the body of the axis. Odontoid processfracture is rare in children less than 7 years of age.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF VIBRATION MACHINES DYNAMICS FOR PRODUCT SURFACES PROCESSING BY MATHEMATICAL MODELING

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Topilnytskyy ◽  
Yaroslav Kusyi ◽  
Dariya Rebot
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Lagrange Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Surface Processing ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Vibration Machine ◽  
Working Chamber

The article describes the methodology for the study of the dynamics of vibrating machines for surface processing of products by mathematical modeling, which is presented in four main stages. The first stage: analysis of classes of vibrating machines for surface treatment of products, choice of basic for solving the technological problem, project of a unified calculation scheme of the machine. The second stage: development of a nonlinear mathematical model for describing the dynamics of the vibration machine working body and its filling, development of elements of automated calculations of the machine. The third stage: the study of the influence of the parameters of the vibrating machine, product sets and tools (with their various combinations) on the factors of the intensity of products surface processing. The fourth stage: recommendations for choosing vibrating machine parameters and machining bodies that will maximize the processing performance of products with the selected intensity criterion. A mathematical model for describing the motion of a vibrating machine for surface treatment of articles by a set of unrelated bodies of small size is created. It has two unbalance units that generate oscillations of its working body and a spring suspension-mounting of the working chamber (container). The model is parametric and nonlinear, incorporating key dynamic, kinematic and geometric parameters of the vibrating machine in symbolic format. It is constructed by: descriptions of the plane-parallel movement of the mechanical system, the rotational motion of the material point and the body; second-order Lagrange equation; asymptotic (approximate) methods of nonlinear mechanics. With the help of the model it is possible: to describe the oscillatory movement of the working chamber (container) of the vibrating machine; to study the influence of the machine parameters on the efficiency of performance of the set technological task, the conditions of occurrence of non-stationary modes of operation of the vibrating machine and the ways of their regulation.

Finding the jerk properties of multi-body systems using helicoidal vector fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gallardo-Alvarado ◽  
H Orozco-Mendoza ◽  
R Rodríguez-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Vector Fields ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body System ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Multi Body

In this contribution, the kinematic angular and linear third-order properties, also known as jerk analysis, of a multi-body system are determined applying the concept of helicoidal vector fields. The reduced acceleration state, or accelerator, of the body of interest, with respect to a reference frame, is obtained as the time derivative, via a helicoidal field, of the velocity state, also known as the infinitesimal twist. Following that trend, the reduced jerk state, or jerkor, is obtained as the time derivative of the accelerator. The computation of the instantaneous centre of jerk, with its corresponding ellipsoid of jerk, is also included. The expressions thus obtained are extended systematically to multi-body systems. Two numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the potential of the presented method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document