scholarly journals Stress: conceptualization, framing, and induction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jing Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Differential Stress ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Stress Study

Past research has often conceptualized stress from a deficit-oriented approach. This approach is unbalanced, often associating stress with negative events and outcomes. The current study examined stress from the Transactional Model, and proposed alternative ways to conceptualize stress. In addition, both psychosocial and physiological stressors were utilized to induce stress. Study aims were threefold: (1) to examine beliefs about stress and effects of framing on changes to perceptions of stress, (2) to examine the comparative effects of two different stress-induction methods, and (3) to explore the interactive effects of framing and stress-induction on subjective perceptions of stress and measures of stress reactivity. Results confirmed a deficit-orientation of stress within the sampled population. Comparative effects of both stressors highlighted differential stress responses based on task demands and appraisal. Finally, interactive effects of framing and stress-induction provided support for alternative conceptualizations of stress in adaptive coping.

scholarly journals Stress: conceptualization, framing, and induction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jing Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Differential Stress ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Stress Study

Past research has often conceptualized stress from a deficit-oriented approach. This approach is unbalanced, often associating stress with negative events and outcomes. The current study examined stress from the Transactional Model, and proposed alternative ways to conceptualize stress. In addition, both psychosocial and physiological stressors were utilized to induce stress. Study aims were threefold: (1) to examine beliefs about stress and effects of framing on changes to perceptions of stress, (2) to examine the comparative effects of two different stress-induction methods, and (3) to explore the interactive effects of framing and stress-induction on subjective perceptions of stress and measures of stress reactivity. Results confirmed a deficit-orientation of stress within the sampled population. Comparative effects of both stressors highlighted differential stress responses based on task demands and appraisal. Finally, interactive effects of framing and stress-induction provided support for alternative conceptualizations of stress in adaptive coping.

scholarly journals Trait emotion regulation and stress responsivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán M Griffin ◽  
Siobhán Howard
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Stress Responsivity ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The present review critically examines research on the physiological consequences of reappraisal and suppression use, distinguishing between trait emotion regulation style, and instructed use of emotion regulation. Drawing on the stress reactivity literature, we will highlight methodological issues with past research that may limit our understanding of how emotion regulation affects our stress responses. Recommendations for future research are outlined; including a consideration of task differences and the inclusion of a formal acclimatization and baseline period. This allows for a clearer understanding of how emotion regulation strategies translate to health and can help inform the next generation of both emotion regulation, and cardiovascular reactivity, research.

Differences in the Way to Conceive Happiness Relate to Different Reactions to Negative Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Fuochi ◽  
Chiara A. Veneziani ◽  
Alberto Voci
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Orientations To Happiness ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This paper aimed to assess whether differences in the way to conceive happiness, measured by the Orientations to Happiness measure, were associated with specific reactions to negative events. We hypothesized that among orientations to pleasure (portraying hedonism), to meaning (representing a eudaimonic approach to life), and to engagement (derived from the experience of flow), orientation to meaning would have displayed a stronger protective role against recent negative and potentially stressful events. After providing a validation of the Italian version of the Orientations to Happiness measure (Study 1), we performed regression analyses of the three orientations on positive and negative emotions linked to a self-relevant negative event (Study 2), and moderation analyses assessing the interactive effects of orientations to happiness and stressful events on well-being indicators (Study 3). Our findings supported the hypotheses. In Study 2, meaning was associated with positive emotions characterized by a lower activation (contentment and interest) compared to the positive emotions associated with pleasure (amusement, eagerness, and happiness). In Study 3, only meaning buffered the effect of recent potentially stressful events on satisfaction with life and positive affect. Results suggest that orientation to meaning might help individuals to better react to negative events.

Associations between multisystem stress reactivity and peer nominated aggression in early childhood vary by sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1888-1898
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Hagan ◽  
Danielle S. Roubinov ◽  
W. Thomas Boyce ◽  
Nicole R. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress Response

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that the development of problematic aggression in childhood may be associated with specific physiological stress response patterns, with both biological overactivation and underactivation implicated. This study tested associations between sex-specific patterns of stress responses across the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and peer nominations of aggression among 271 kindergarten children (Mean age = 5.32 years; 52% Female; 44% White). Upon entry to kindergarten, children participated in a multidomain standardized stress paradigm. Changes in pre-ejection period (PEP) and salivary cortisol were assessed. On a separate day, children provided peer ratings of physical and relational aggression in a standardized interview. As expected, there was a significant three-way interaction between PEP, cortisol reactivity, and sex, but only for physical aggression. Among boys, cortisol reactivity was positively associated with physical aggression only for those with higher SNS reactivity. Findings suggest that for boys, asymmetrical and symmetrical HPA/SNS reactivity may be associated with lower and higher risk for peer-directed physical aggression, respectively. Understanding the complex associations between multisystem physiology, child sex and peer-directed aggression in early childhood may offer insight into individual differences underlying the emergence of behavioral dysregulation in early peer contexts.

Fathers' Heightened Stress Responses to Recounting their NICU Experiences Months after Discharge: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany J. Fronheiser ◽  
Saher Ali ◽  
Fumiyuki C. Gardner ◽  
Alexia C. Hozella ◽  
Gina M. Brelsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Responsivity ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
And Coping

Objective The acute and traumatic events associated with having a newborn who requires admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may elicit long-term concerns for parents postdischarge. Cognitive processing of taxing events influences recurring stress responses, which can be inferred via biomarkers such as salivary cortisol (sCort) and skin conductance (SC). In addition, personal narratives provide an important insight into individual perceptions and coping strategies. The current pilot study aimed to (1) test the hypotheses that fathers' sCort and SC would peak in response to stress induction and decrease during recovery, (2) examine associations among stress biomarkers and stress perceptions, (3) explore fathers' narratives using thematic analysis, and (4) integrate fathers' narrative themes with their stress responsivity. Study Design Using a convergent mixed methods approach, we enrolled 10 fathers of infants formerly cared for in NICU who underwent a Trier Social Stress Test including recounting their NICU experience months postdischarge. Stress responsivity was measured via sCort and SC, while stress perceptions were identified by using the Perceived Stress Scale and Distress Thermometer-Parent. Personal narratives were explored by using thematic analysis. Results The significant rise in fathers' sCort and SC in response to stress induction was reflected in narrative themes including loss, worry, and role strain. Subsequently, fathers' sCort and SC returned to baseline, which was illustrated by themes such as role strength, coping, and medical staff interactions. Fathers' stress measured by PSS was lower than that required for mental health referral, and did not correlate with stress biomarkers. Conclusion Salivary cortisol and skin conductance are useful biomarkers of paternal stress responsivity and recovery. Thematic analysis identified fathers' NICU stressors and coping strategies that mirrored their stress responsivity patterns. Further studies are needed to more broadly examine the sociodemographic variables that influence stress reactivity and perceptions in parents of infants formerly cared for in NICU. Key Points

scholarly journals Positional variation rather than salt stress dominates changes in three-dimensional leaf shape patterns in cucumber canopies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Schmidt ◽  
Katrin Kahlen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Stress Study ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Abstract Leaf shape plays a key role in the interaction of a plant with its environment, best-known in the plant’s light harvest. Effects of the environment on the interplay of canopy architecture and physiological functioning can be estimated using functional-structural plant models (FSPMs). In order to reduce the complexity of canopy simulations, leaf shape models used in FSPMs are often simple prototypes scaled to match current leaf area. L-Cucumber is such an FSPM, whose leaf prototype mimics average real leaf shape of unstressed cucumber plants well. However, adaptation processes or stress responses may lead to non-proportional changes in leaf geometries, which, for example, could affect length to width ratios or curvatures. The current leaf shape model in L-Cucumber is static and hence does not incorporate changes in leaf shape within or between plants. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate leaf shape variation and exemplarily study its effects on FSPM simulations. Three-dimensional leaf coordinate data from a salt stress study were analysed with a robust Bayesian mixed-effects model for estimating leaf shape depending on rank, size and salinity. Results showed that positional and size variation rather than salinity levels dominated 3D leaf shape patterns of cucumber. Considering variable leaf shapes in relation to this main sources of variation in L-Cucumber simulations, only minor effects compared to a realistic, yet static average shape were found. However, with similar computational demands variation in shapes other studies highly sensitive to shape dynamics, for example, pesticide spraying might be affected more strongly.

Childhood trauma and type D personality: The endocrine and cardiovascular effects on stress reactivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532093418
Author(s):  
Ali Bahari ◽  
Jafar Hasani ◽  
Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Type D

Both exaggerated and blunted cardiovascular stress reactions are associated with health problems. Moreover, early life experiences and personality traits affect stress responses. Regarding the childhood traumas and type D personality, this study aimed to compare the endocrine and cardiovascular reactions against acute laboratory stress. Results showed that the simultaneous existence of childhood traumatic experiences and type D personality leads to exaggerated stress reactivity, while each factor results in a blunted cardiovascular response. Although the cardiovascular responses are dampened in type D personality people, their endocrine reactions are exaggerated. The underlying mechanisms of blunted cardiovascular reactivity differ between childhood trauma and type D personality groups.

Prolonged elevations in haemostatic and rheological responses following psychological stress in low socioeconomic status men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kunz-Ebrecht ◽  
Ann Rumley ◽  
Gordon Lowe ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryLow socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological stress are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, and both may influence haemostatic responses. Von Willebrand factor (vWF), Factor VIII, plasma viscosity, haematocrit, blood viscosity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrin D-dimer were measured at rest and following stressful tasks in 238 middle-aged British civil servants. SES was defined by grade of employment. Lower SES was associated with higher resting vWF, Factor VIII and plasma viscosity. Psychological stress stimulated increases in haemostatic and rheological factors. Initial stress responses did not vary with SES, but Factor VIII, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity remained more elevated 45 minutes post-stress in lower SES participants. High blood pressure stress reactivity was also associated with greater haemostatic responses. We conclude that lower SES is characterised by more prolonged elevations in procoagulant responses following psychological stress, and that these processes might contribute to increased cardiac risk.

Pollution Stigma and Manufacturing Firms’ Disengagement Effort: Interactive Effects of Pressures From External Stakeholders

2019 ◽  
pp. 108602661989396
Author(s):  
Jia Xu ◽  
Jiuchang Wei ◽  
Haipeng (Allan) Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Norm ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Normative Pressure ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Polluting Firms ◽  
Positive Effect

Firms’ stigmatization due to deviation from social norms has received extensive attention in recent years. The increasing significance of the social norm requiring firms to protect the natural environment contributes to the emergence of pollution stigma over the heavily polluting firms. We apply the stigma theory to the National Specially Monitored firms of China and expand past research by developing a framework to understand the interactive effects of external stakeholder’s pressure on the tendency for these firms to disengage from the pollution stigma. We find that (a) there is diminishing returns to scale in the joint effect between hard and soft regulative pressure and in that between regulative and normative pressure, (b) the positive effect of mimetic pressure from environmental protection exemplary firms is exacerbated when dilution of stigma responsibility is low, and (c) dilution of stigma responsibility weakens the positive effect of stigma intensity on firms’ disengagement tendencies.

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