scholarly journals Designing and Evaluating a Composition Software Interface with Vibrotactile Notation System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somang Nam
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
User Study ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Notation System ◽  
Software Interface

Vibrotactile stimulation can be used as a substitute for audio or visual stimulation for people who are deaf or blind. In order to do this, new tools must be developed and evaluated that support the creation and experience of vibration on the skin. In this paper, a vibrotactile composition tool, the “Beadbox”, along with the results of a user study will be described. Beadbox is a vibrotactile notation system and software tool, which helps users to create and record a vibrotactile art composition. It allows users to control the four essential vibrotactile technical elements: (1) frequency; (2) intensity; (3) temporal information; and (4) spatial information consists of how the vibrotactile signal is distributed on the human body. A user study designed to evaluate the usability and support for creative expression of Beadbox. Results from the user study indicate that the Beadbox is easy to use, and viable for vibrotactile composition.

scholarly journals Designing and Evaluating a Composition Software Interface with Vibrotactile Notation System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somang Nam
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
User Study ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Notation System ◽  
Software Interface

Vibrotactile stimulation can be used as a substitute for audio or visual stimulation for people who are deaf or blind. In order to do this, new tools must be developed and evaluated that support the creation and experience of vibration on the skin. In this paper, a vibrotactile composition tool, the “Beadbox”, along with the results of a user study will be described. Beadbox is a vibrotactile notation system and software tool, which helps users to create and record a vibrotactile art composition. It allows users to control the four essential vibrotactile technical elements: (1) frequency; (2) intensity; (3) temporal information; and (4) spatial information consists of how the vibrotactile signal is distributed on the human body. A user study designed to evaluate the usability and support for creative expression of Beadbox. Results from the user study indicate that the Beadbox is easy to use, and viable for vibrotactile composition.

scholarly journals Personalized Augmented Reality Based Tourism System: Big Data and User Demographic Contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6047
Author(s):  
Soheil Rezaee ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki ◽  
Maryam Shakeri ◽  
Soo-Mi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
User Study ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Right

A lack of required data resources is one of the challenges of accepting the Augmented Reality (AR) to provide the right services to the users, whereas the amount of spatial information produced by people is increasing daily. This research aims to design a personalized AR that is based on a tourist system that retrieves the big data according to the users’ demographic contexts in order to enrich the AR data source in tourism. This research is conducted in two main steps. First, the type of the tourist attraction where the users interest is predicted according to the user demographic contexts, which include age, gender, and education level, by using a machine learning method. Second, the correct data for the user are extracted from the big data by considering time, distance, popularity, and the neighborhood of the tourist places, by using the VIKOR and SWAR decision making methods. By about 6%, the results show better performance of the decision tree by predicting the type of tourist attraction, when compared to the SVM method. In addition, the results of the user study of the system show the overall satisfaction of the participants in terms of the ease-of-use, which is about 55%, and in terms of the systems usefulness, about 56%.

scholarly journals The Role of Spatio-Temporal Information to Govern the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Hartmut Müller ◽  
Marije Louwsma
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Covid-19 pandemic put a heavy burden on member states in the European Union. To govern the pandemic, having access to reliable geo-information is key for monitoring the spatial distribution of the outbreak over time. This study aims to analyze the role of spatio-temporal information in governing the pandemic in the European Union and its member states. The European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) system and selected national dashboards from member states were assessed to analyze which spatio-temporal information was used, how the information was visualized and whether this changed over the course of the pandemic. Initially, member states focused on their own jurisdiction by creating national dashboards to monitor the pandemic. Information between member states was not aligned. Producing reliable data and timeliness reporting was problematic, just like selecting indictors to monitor the spatial distribution and intensity of the outbreak. Over the course of the pandemic, with more knowledge about the virus and its characteristics, interventions of member states to govern the outbreak were better aligned at the European level. However, further integration and alignment of public health data, statistical data and spatio-temporal data could provide even better information for governments and actors involved in managing the outbreak, both at national and supra-national level. The Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) initiative and the NUTS system provide a framework to guide future integration and extension of existing systems.

scholarly journals A time-stamp mechanism may provide temporal information necessary for egocentric to allocentric spatial transformations

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Wallach ◽  
Erik Harvey-Girard ◽  
James Jaeyoon Jun ◽  
André Longtin ◽  
Len Maler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Brain Circuitry ◽  
Learning Circuits ◽  
Thalamic Region

Learning the spatial organization of the environment is essential for most animals’ survival. This requires the animal to derive allocentric spatial information from egocentric sensory and motor experience. The neural mechanisms underlying this transformation are mostly unknown. We addressed this problem in electric fish, which can precisely navigate in complete darkness and whose brain circuitry is relatively simple. We conducted the first neural recordings in the preglomerular complex, the thalamic region exclusively connecting the optic tectum with the spatial learning circuits in the dorsolateral pallium. While tectal topographic information was mostly eliminated in preglomerular neurons, the time-intervals between object encounters were precisely encoded. We show that this reliable temporal information, combined with a speed signal, can permit accurate estimation of the distance between encounters, a necessary component of path-integration that enables computing allocentric spatial relations. Our results suggest that similar mechanisms are involved in sequential spatial learning in all vertebrates.

A two-stream network with joint spatial-temporal distance for video-based person re-identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3769-3781
Author(s):  
Zhisong Han ◽  
Yaling Liang ◽  
Zengqun Chen ◽  
Zhiheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Temporal Information Extraction

Video-based person re-identification aims to match videos of pedestrians captured by non-overlapping cameras. Video provides spatial information and temporal information. However, most existing methods do not combine these two types of information well and ignore that they are of different importance in most cases. To address the above issues, we propose a two-stream network with a joint distance metric for measuring the similarity of two videos. The proposed two-stream network has several appealing properties. First, the spatial stream focuses on multiple parts of a person and outputs robust local spatial features. Second, a lightweight and effective temporal information extraction block is introduced in video-based person re-identification. In the inference stage, the distance of two videos is measured by the weighted sum of spatial distance and temporal distance. We conduct extensive experiments on four public datasets, i.e., MARS, PRID2011, iLIDS-VID and DukeMTMC-VideoReID to show that our proposed approach outperforms existing methods in video-based person re-ID.

scholarly journals UCF-STAR: A Large Scale Still Image Dataset for Understanding Human Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 2677-2684
Author(s):  
Marjaneh Safaei ◽  
Pooyan Balouchian ◽  
Hassan Foroosh
Keyword(s):  
Action Recognition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Still Image ◽  
Novel Approach

Action recognition in still images poses a great challenge due to (i) fewer available training data, (ii) absence of temporal information. To address the first challenge, we introduce a dataset for STill image Action Recognition (STAR), containing over $1M$ images across 50 different human body-motion action categories. UCF-STAR is the largest dataset in the literature for action recognition in still images. The key characteristics of UCF-STAR include (1) focusing on human body-motion rather than relatively static human-object interaction categories, (2) collecting images from the wild to benefit from a varied set of action representations, (3) appending multiple human-annotated labels per image rather than just the action label, and (4) inclusion of rich, structured and multi-modal set of metadata for each image. This departs from existing datasets, which typically provide single annotation in a smaller number of images and categories, with no metadata. UCF-STAR exposes the intrinsic difficulty of action recognition through its realistic scene and action complexity. To benchmark and demonstrate the benefits of UCF-STAR as a large-scale dataset, and to show the role of “latent” motion information in recognizing human actions in still images, we present a novel approach relying on predicting temporal information, yielding higher accuracy on 5 widely-used datasets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Map Signs for Evacuation Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Stachoň ◽  
Petr Kubíček ◽  
Hana Švedová ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Xinqian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
User Study ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Cartographic Visualization ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
New Perspective

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> An increasing number of population brings increasing vulnerability of the society to different disasters and emergencies. The maps provide spatial information, which is useful on different levels of decision making during emergencies from strategic planning to single person decision making. To fit the user needs maps can be optimized for a particular user, user group, available technology or external conditions.</p><p>Evacuation is a crucial part of the process dealing with most of the emergencies. In case of building the standard ISO 23601:2009, Safety identification &amp;ndash; Escape and evacuation plan signs was developed to provide the guidelines for the design, materials, installation and other attributes of the evacuation plans. It is mostly based on the ISO 7010:2003, Graphical symbols &amp;ndash; Safety colours and safety signs &amp;ndash; Safety signs that are widely used in the buildings all around the world. The symbols were designed with the purpose to attract user attention under any circumstances and across the different cultural background. It can be a disadvantage in case of cartographic visualization, while the symbols on the map are not easy to identify the anchor point, increase the graphics clutter of the map (see figure 1).</p><p>In our research, we have decided to focus on the evaluation of user’s abilities to use and understand of designed evacuation signs and plans. As the standard is intended to be used worldwide, we have designed study focused on the comparison of the understanding to the meaning of evacuation symbols in general and also in the form of cartographic visualization. We have designed the user study performed in the first step in Nanjing (China) and in Brno (Czech Republic) in order to verify the cross-cultural universality of evacuation symbols. There were about seventy participants in China and seventy participants in the Czech Republic, who performed similar tasks. The tasks consist of separate symbol meaning selection, a separate symbol meaning estimation, identification of a particular symbol on the map and basic interpretation of the map content. The original and modified map signs were used as stimuli in case of cartographic visualization. Results were statistically processed and discussed. The results bring a new perspective on the standardized cartographic visualization for purposes of building evacuation.</p>

scholarly journals Memory for Stimulus Duration Is Not Bound to Spatial Information

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Wouter Kruijne ◽  
Christian N. L. Olivers ◽  
Hedderik van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Contralateral Delay Activity ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Initial Perception ◽  
Subsequent Comparison

Abstract Different theories have been proposed to explain how the human brain derives an accurate sense of time. One specific class of theories, intrinsic clock theories, postulate that temporal information of a stimulus is represented much like other features such as color and location, bound together to form a coherent percept. Here, we explored to what extent this holds for temporal information after it has been perceived and is held in working memory for subsequent comparison. We recorded EEG of participants who were asked to time stimuli at lateral positions of the screen followed by comparison stimuli presented in the center. Using well-established markers of working memory maintenance, we investigated whether the usage of temporal information evoked neural signatures that were indicative of the location where the stimuli had been presented, both during maintenance and during comparison. Behavior and neural measures including the contralateral delay activity, lateralized alpha suppression, and decoding analyses through time all supported the same conclusion: The representation of location was strongly involved during perception of temporal information, but when temporal information was to be used for comparison, it no longer showed a relation to spatial information. These results support a model where the initial perception of a stimulus involves intrinsic computations, but that this information is subsequently translated to a stimulus-independent format to be used to further guide behavior.

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