scholarly journals Soil fungal β-diversity rather than α-diversity increases with increasing oceanic island area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Pulak Maitra ◽  
Hui-Yun Gan ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Shengchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Xisha Islands ◽  
Island Area ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

Fungi have huge biodiversity and play important roles in soil biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem services in island ecosystems. Although island biogeography has been widely studied in macroorganisms, the relationship between soil fungal diversity and area in islands is less documented. Here, we examine soil fungal communities of 18 oceanic islands belonged to two types of islands (8 general islands in Wanshan and 10 coral islands in Xisha) in South China Sea through Illumina Miseq sequencing techniques. Our results showed that soil fungal α-diversity (species richness) was significantly different among the oceanic islands, with a higher value in Wanshan than in Xisha islands. Soil fungal α-diversity was significantly affected by soil potassium and magnesium (Mg) and plant community in Wanshan islands but by soil Mg in Xisha islands. Soil fungal community composition was significantly different in Wanshan and Xisha islands and influenced by soil, plant community and spatial distance. Ecological stochasticity model showed that the fungal community assembly was mainly structured by deterministic process regardless of island types. The fungal β-diversity (community turnover), but not α-diversity was significantly increased with increasing island area. Our findings may have implications for better predicting soil fungal community dynamics in island systems and for enhancing insight into microbial biodiversity conservation.

Functionally explicit partitioning of plant β-diversity reveal soil fungal assembly in the subarctic tundra

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Masumoto ◽  
Ryo Kitagawa ◽  
Keita Nishizawa ◽  
Ryo Kaneko ◽  
Takashi Osono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetation Shifts ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Functional Components

ABSTRACT Metabarcoding technologies for soil fungal DNA pools have enabled to capture the diversity of fungal community and the agreement of their β-diversity with plant β-diversity. However, processes underlying the synchrony of the aboveground–belowground biodiversity is still unclear. By using partitioning methods for plant β-diversity, this study explored the process driving synchrony in tundra ecosystems, in which drastic vegetation shifts are observed with climate warming. Our methods based on Baselga's partitioning enabled the division of plant β-diversity into two phenomena and three functional components. Correlation of fungal β-diversity with the components of plant β-diversity showed that the spatial replacement of fungi was promoted by plant species turnover, in particular, plant species turnover with functional exchange. In addition, spatial variety of graminoid or forbs species, rather than shrubs, enhanced fungal β-diversity. These results suggest the importance of small-scale factors such as plant–fungal interactions or local environments modified by plants for the fungal community assemblage. The process-based understanding of community dynamics of plants and fungi allows us to predict the ongoing shrub encroachment in the Arctic region, which could weaken the aboveground–belowground synchrony.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Soil Fungal Community Structure and Assembly to Long- Versus Short-Term Nitrogen Addition in a Tropical Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong He ◽  
Shuo Jiao ◽  
Xiangping Tan ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

Soil fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and are sensitive to global changes. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to impact on fungal diversity and community composition, but how the fungal community assembly responds to the duration effects of experimental N addition remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the soil fungal community variations and assembly processes under short- (2 years) versus long-term (13 years) exogenous N addition (∼100 kg N ha–1 yr–1) in a N-rich tropical forest of China. We observed that short-term N addition significantly increased fungal taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity and shifted fungal community composition with significant increases in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and decreases in that of Basidiomycota. Short-term N addition also significantly increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi and decreased that of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, unremarkable effects on these indices were found under long-term N addition. The variations of fungal α-diversity, community composition, and the relative abundance of major phyla, genera, and functional guilds were mainly correlated with soil pH and NO3––N concentration, and these correlations were much stronger under short-term than long-term N addition. The results of null, neutral community models and the normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) index consistently revealed that stochastic processes played predominant roles in the assembly of soil fungal community in the tropical forest, and the relative contribution of stochastic processes was significantly increased by short-term N addition. These findings highlighted that the responses of fungal community to N addition were duration-dependent, i.e., fungal community structure and assembly would be sensitive to short-term N addition but become adaptive to long-term N enrichment.

Funneliformis mosseae alters soil fungal community dynamics and composition during litter decomposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 100864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Gui ◽  
Witoon Purahong ◽  
Tesfaye Wubet ◽  
Derek Peršoh ◽  
Lingling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

scholarly journals Characteristics and driving mechanisms of species beta diversity in desert plant communities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245249
Author(s):  
Lamei Jiang ◽  
Guanghui Lv ◽  
Yanming Gong ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Hengfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Β Diversity

Species dissimilarity (beta diversity) primarily reflects the spatio–temporal changes in the species composition of a plant community. The correlations between β diversity and environmental factors and spatial distance can be used to explain the magnitudes of environmental filtering and dispersal. However, little is known about the relative roles and importance of neutral and niche-related factors in the assemblage of plant communities with different life forms in deserts. We found that in desert ecosystems, the β diversity of herbaceous plants was the highest, followed by that of shrubs and trees. The changes in the β diversity of herbs and shrubs had stronger correlations with the environment, indicating that community aggregation was strongly affected by niche processes. The soil water content and salt content were the key environmental factors affecting species distributions of the herb and shrub layers, respectively. Spatial distance explained a larger amount of the variation in tree composition, indicating that dispersal limitation was the main factor affecting the construction of the tree layer community. The results suggest that different life forms may determine the association between organisms and the environment. These findings suggest that the spatial patterns of plant community species in the Ebinur Lake desert ecosystem are the result of the combined effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation.

scholarly journals How Do N Addition Affect Soil Fungal Community Assembly: Short- Versus Long-term Effects?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong He ◽  
Shuo Jiao ◽  
Xiangping Tan ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Background: Soil fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and are sensitive to global changes. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to impact on fungal diversity and community composition, but how fungal community assembly respond to short- and long-term simulative N deposition remains poorly understood. Here, we carried out two field experiments to investigate the soil fungal community variations and assembly processes under short- (2 years) versus long-term (13 years) exogenous nitrogen addition (100 kg N ha-1 yr-1) in a N-rich tropical forest of China. Results: We observed that short-term N addition significantly increased fungal taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity, and shifted fungal community composition with significant increases in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and saprotrophic fungi, and decreases in the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. However, unremarkable effects were found under long-term N addition. The variations of fungal α-diversity, community composition, the relative abundance of major phyla, genera and functional guilds were mainly correlated with soil pH and the concentrations of NO3--N, and these correlations were much stronger under short- than long-term N addition. The results of null, neutral community models and the 39 normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) index consistently revealed that stochastic processes played predominant roles in the assembly of soil fungal community under N addition in the tropical forest, and that the relative contributions of stochastic processes were higher at short-term site. Furthermore, both short- and long-term N addition slightly loosened the co-occurrence networks of the fungal community. Conclusions: These findings highlighted that the responses of fungal community structure to N addition were duration-dependent, i.e., the fungal community was sensitive to the short-term N addition but become acclimatized to long-term N enrichment.

scholarly journals Divergent biodiversity change within ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1843-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Magurran ◽  
Amy E. Deacon ◽  
Faye Moyes ◽  
Hideyasu Shimadzu ◽  
Maria Dornelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Research Challenge

The Earth’s ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure, yet the nature of contemporary biodiversity change is not well understood. Growing evidence that community size is regulated highlights the need for improved understanding of community dynamics. As stability in community size could be underpinned by marked temporal turnover, a key question is the extent to which changes in both biodiversity dimensions (temporal α- and temporal β-diversity) covary within and among the assemblages that comprise natural communities. Here, we draw on a multiassemblage dataset (encompassing vertebrates, invertebrates, and unicellular plants) from a tropical freshwater ecosystem and employ a cyclic shift randomization to assess whether any directional change in temporal α-diversity and temporal β-diversity exceeds baseline levels. In the majority of cases, α-diversity remains stable over the 5-y time frame of our analysis, with little evidence for systematic change at the community level. In contrast, temporal β-diversity changes are more prevalent, and the two diversity dimensions are decoupled at both the within- and among-assemblage level. Consequently, a pressing research challenge is to establish how turnover supports regulation and when elevated temporal β-diversity jeopardizes community integrity.

Climatic variables drive temporal patterns of α and β diversities of dung beetles

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Ferreira ◽  
P.G. da Silva ◽  
A. Paladini ◽  
R.A. Di Mare
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underpinning spatiotemporal diversity patterns of biological communities is a major goal of ecology. We aimed to test two ecological hypotheses: (i) temporal patterns of β-diversity will mostly be driven by nestedness, with a loss of species from summer to winter, and (ii) nestedness values will correlate with climatic variables instead of turnover values, indicating either a loss of species during winter or a gain of species during summer. We sampled dung beetles using standardized sampling protocols along a year in four Atlantic forest sites: two at the northwest and two at the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. We partitioned temporal patterns of β-diversity into turnover and nestedness in order to investigate if community changes are driven by species substitution or gain/loss across time. Our results highlighted five main findings: (i) dung beetle composition varied more with sites than site geographic position; (ii) there was almost one and a half ‘true’ dung beetle assemblages regarding the spatial distribution of species weighed by abundance; (iii) we found a positive influence of mean temperature and a negative influence of relative humidity on both species richness and abundance; (iv) both spatial and temporal dissimilarity among sites were dominated by species replacement, while the relative importance of nestedness was higher in temporal than spatial patterns; (v) there was an effect of precipitation and relative humidity on temporal patterns of β-diversity components, but these effects were site-dependent. Contrary to our expectations, the β-diversity component of turnover dominated both spatial and temporal patterns in dung beetle dissimilarity among sites and months. Distinct climatic variables affected differently the α-diversity and β-diversity components of dung beetle assemblages. Partitioning β-diversity into temporal components is a promising approach to unveil patterns of the community dynamics and to produce insights on mechanisms underlying such patterns.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

Patterns in diversity and composition of the microbenthos of subarctic intertidal beaches with different morphodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
AI Azovsky ◽  
YA Mazei ◽  
MA Saburova ◽  
PV Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sediment Properties ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Diversity and composition of benthic diatom algae and ciliates were studied at several beaches along the White and Barents seas: from highly exposed, reflective beaches with coarse-grained sands to sheltered, dissipative silty-sandy flats. For diatoms, the epipelic to epipsammic species abundance ratio was significantly correlated with the beach index and mean particle size, while neither α-diversity measures nor mean cell length were related to beach properties. In contrast, most of the characteristics of ciliate assemblages (diversity, total abundance and biomass, mean individual weight and percentage of karyorelictids) demonstrated a strong correlation to beach properties, remaining low at exposed beaches but increasing sharply in more sheltered conditions. β-diversity did not correlate with beach properties for either diatoms or ciliates. We suggest that wave action and sediment properties are the main drivers controlling the diversity and composition of the intertidal microbenthos. Diatoms and ciliates, however, demonstrated divergent response to these factors. Epipelic and epipsammic diatoms exhibited 2 different strategies to adapt to their environments and therefore were complementarily distributed along the environmental gradient and compensated for each other in diversity. Most ciliates demonstrated a similar mode of habitat selection but differed in their degree of tolerance. Euryporal (including mesoporal) species were relatively tolerant to wave action and therefore occurred under a wide range of beach conditions, though their abundance and diversity were highest in fine, relatively stable sediments on sheltered beaches, whereas the specific interstitial (i.e. genuine microporal) species were mostly restricted to only these habitats.

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