scholarly journals Stucco Inscriptions and Ornaments of The Great Seljuk Mihrab of Rey

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Kamran Sokhanpardaz
Keyword(s):  
General Shape ◽  
Influence Area ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Made In

The art and architecture of the Great Seljuk period, known as the Renaissance of Persian Art in Persian studies, left an undeniable effect on the following periods. The art of the Great Seljuk period, influenced by the art of the previous periods, became a source of inspiration for the artworks of later periods. The aim of this article is to introduce the stucco ornaments and inscriptions of the mihrab of Ray, to reveal the important values of the mihrab and thus to provide the opportunity to evaluate the influence area and its power of influence. As a result of our research, it is found that the ornamental composition of the mihrab includes inscriptions, vegetal and geometric decorations. Also, these decorations were made in embossing and hollowly technique. There is no information about the artist of the stucco decorations of the altar. Although there is no date inscription on the mihrab, it is similar to the examples of the Great Seljuk period in terms of general shape and decoration features. Also according to the results of this research, the stucco decorations in this mihrab, It is very similar to the decoration of the first Islamic era of Iran, obtained from Neyshabur excavations, stucco decorations discovered from Samarra Exploration, architectural ornaments of the Qarakhanid period, stucco decorations from the Ghaznavid Period, Anatolian Seljuk Architectural decorations and stucco decorations of the Ilkhanid Period of Iran.

Electroviscous forces on a charged particle suspended in a flowing liquid

1997 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. COX
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Dominant Contribution ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Polar Fluid ◽  
Double Layer Thickness ◽  
Made In

The force on a charged solid particle (of general shape) suspended in a flowing polar fluid (e.g. an aqueous electrolyte solution) in the presence of a solid bounding wall (of general shape) is obtained for the situation in which the electrical double-layer thickness is very much smaller than the particle size (and the distance between particle and wall). The very general results so obtained are applied to the sedimentation of a charged spherical particle in an unbounded polar fluid (with no walls present) for which the drag force is found to be in complete agreement with Ohshima et al. (1984). However, there is disagreement between the present results and those obtained in a number of published papers owing to incorrect assumptions being made in the latter as to what physical mechanism gives rise to the dominant contribution to the electroviscous force on the particle.

1. Four little words

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Land Art ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Representational Power ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Made In

‘Four little words’ analyses the meanings of ‘Ancient’, ‘Egyptian’, ‘art’, and ‘architecture’ in order to understand how Egyptian art and architecture are studied and discussed, why and how they have influenced the modern world, and whether iconic examples of Egyptian artworks and buildings are in any way representative of cultural norms and lived experience in the ancient past. When is ‘ancient’ Egypt? Where and what was ‘Egypt’ in antiquity and how did its people describe themselves and their land? Art and architecture are considered to comprise those objects made in such a way that their form and materials contribute to their representational power, social or symbolic significance, and aesthetic qualities.

scholarly journals Effect of Powder Sample Granularity on Fluorescent Intensity and on Thermal Parameters in X-Ray Diffraction Rietveld Analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sparks ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
E. D. Specht ◽  
P. Zschack ◽  
G. E. Ice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Correction ◽  
Symmetric Geometry ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe effect of sample granularity on diffracted x-ray intensity was evaluated by measuring the 2θ dependence of x-ray fluorescence from various samples. Measurements were made in the symmetric geometry on samples ranging from single crystals to highly absorbing coarse powders. A characteristic shape for the absorption correction was observed. A demonstration of the sensitivity of Rietveld refined site occupation parameters is made on CuAu and Cu50Au44Ni6 alloys refined with and without granularity corrections. These alloys provide a good example of the effect of granularity due to their large linear x-ray absorption coefficients. Sample granularity and refined thermal parameters obtained from the Rietveld analysis were found to be correlated. Without a granularity correction, the refined thermal parameters are too low and can actually become negative in an attempt to compensate for granularity, A general shape for granularity correction can be included in refinement procedures. If no granularity correction is included, data should be restricted to above 30° 2θ, and thermal parameters should be ignored unless extreme precautions are taken to produce <5 (μm particles and high packing densities.

A Study on Wire Sweep in Encapsulation of Semiconductor Chips Using Simulated Experiments

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sejin Han ◽  
K. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
General Shape ◽  
Homogeneous Fluid ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Straight Wire ◽  
Semiconductor Chip ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Semiconductor Chips ◽  
Made In

An effort has been made in this study to develop a model which can predict wire sweep during semiconductor chip encapsulation with transfer molding. The calculation of wire sweep during encapsulation depends on many factors. In this study, a step-by-step approach has been used considering one factor at a time. As the first step, the wire deformation has been measured and calculated under a known dead-weight loading. The next step has been to measure and calculate the deformation of a single straight wire attached to the mid-plane of a rectangular cavity due to the flow of a clear and homogeneous fluid. Finally, the wire deformation due to the flow has been measured and calculated when a wire of general shape is attached to a leadframe. The effect of bubble on the wire-sweep has been analyzed qualitatively. Through this series of experiments, a first step in the development of model for the prediction of wire sweep during chip encapsulation has been made.

scholarly journals A review on architecture with fungal biomaterials: the desired and the feasible

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Almpani-Lekka ◽  
Sven Pfeiffer ◽  
Christian Schmidts ◽  
Seung-il Seo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Made In

AbstractFungal biomaterials are becoming increasingly popular in the fields of architecture and design, with a significant bloom of projects having taken place during the last 10 years. Using mycelium as a stabilizing compound for fibers from agricultural waste, new building elements can be manufactured according to the circular economy model and be used for architectural construction to transform the building industry towards an increased environmental and economic sustainability. Simultaneously, research on those materials and especially fungal biocomposites is producing knowledge that allows for the materials themselves to inspire and transform the architectural design. Novel research on those materials is not only allowing for their use as construction materials, but it inspires and affects the architectural design process through the discovery and variation of the materials’ properties. Today, many interdisciplinary teams are working on this emerging field to integrate fungal biocomposites in the construction industry and to merge science, art, and architecture responsibly.This study provides an overview of the progress that has been made in this field during the last 10 years, focusing on six works that are presented in more detail. Those six works are spaces at an architectural scale which showcase unique elements and innovative aspects for the use of fungal biomaterials in architecture. Each work has followed different design strategies, different fabrication methods, or different post-processing methods. All of them together have produced significant technical knowledge as well as a cultural impact for the field of architecture but also for the field of fungal biotechnology.

Hellenistic & Roman Delos: the city & its emporion

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Mantha Zarmakoupi
Keyword(s):  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Made In

Much progress has been made in the study of the emporion of the port-city of Delos (Map 9) in recent years, with new excavations and preparations towards their publication, reassessments of previously excavated material as well as analyses of the history, religion, art and architecture of Delos in the Late Hellenistic and Roman periods. Home of the Sanctuary of Apollo since the Archaic period, Delos commanded a huge cult network that intertwined religious with economic and political activities due to its advantageous geographical position at the centre of the Aegean world. The latest research has focused on these religious, political and economic networks (for example Constantakopoulou 2007; Chankowski 2008; Collar 2013; Migeotte 2014; Raptopoulos 2014; Le Quéré 2015), while the important contribution of Véronique Chankowski on the economy of the island in the Hellenistic period awaits publication (see Chankowski 2011). Delos prospered in the Late Hellenistic period, when the Roman authorities granted the port of Delos duty-free status, and when the island reverted to Athenian control in 167 BC, turning it into a commercial base that connected the eastern and western Mediterranean. This report concentrates on recent developments in research on Hellenistic and Roman Delos.

Spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Made In

I should like to give you a very condensed progress report on some spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra made in collaboration with H. Leicher at Bonn. The procedure used is almost completely automatic. The measurements are made with the help of a semi-automatic fully digitized registering microphotometer constructed by Hög-Hamburg. The reductions are carried out with the aid of a number of interconnected programmes written for the computer IBM 7090, beginning with the output of the photometer in the form of punched cards and ending with the printing-out of the final two-dimensional classifications.

Surface Structure in Microtomed Sections Caused by Glass and Diamond Knives

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black ◽  
William G. Boldosser
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Body Angle ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Cutting Direction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Diamond Knife

Ultramicrotomy produces plastic deformation in the surfaces of microtomed TEM specimens which can not generally be observed unless special preparations are made. In this study, a typical biological composite of tissue (infundibular thoracic attachment) infiltrated in the normal manner with an embedding epoxy resin (Epon 812 in a 60/40 mixture) was microtomed with glass and diamond knives, both with 45 degree body angle. Sectioning was done in Portor Blum Mt-2 and Mt-1 microtomes. Sections were collected on formvar coated grids so that both the top side and the bottom side of the sections could be examined. Sections were then placed in a vacuum evaporator and self-shadowed with carbon. Some were chromium shadowed at a 30 degree angle. The sections were then examined in a Phillips 300 TEM at 60kv.Carbon coating (C) or carbon coating with chrom shadowing (C-Ch) makes in effect, single stage replicas of the surfaces of the sections and thus allows the damage in the surfaces to be observable in the TEM. Figure 1 (see key to figures) shows the bottom side of a diamond knife section, carbon self-shadowed and chrom shadowed perpendicular to the cutting direction. Very fine knife marks and surface damage can be observed.

Iron storage sites in the myocardium as revealed by cytohistochemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
F. Thompson ◽  
S. Miki ◽  
P. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Made In

Iron is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury. However, the sources of intracellular iron in myocytes are not yet defined. In this study we have attempted to localize iron at various cellular sites of the cardiac tissue with the ferrocyanide technique.Rat hearts were excised under ether anesthesia. They were fixed with coronary perfusion with 3% buffered glutaraldehyde made in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. Sections, 60 μm in thickness, were cut on a vibratome and were incubated in the medium containing 500 mg of potassium ferrocyanide in 49.5 ml H2O and 0.5 ml concentrated HC1 for 30 minutes at room temperature. Following rinses in the buffer, tissues were dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Spurr medium.The examination of thin sections revealed intense staining or reaction product in peroxisomes (Fig. 1).

Microanalysis of precipitates in a ferritic steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
J.M. Titchmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Made In

The advances in recent years in the microanalytical capabilities of conventional TEM's fitted with probe forming lenses allow much more detailed investigations to be made of the microstructures of complex alloys, such as ferritic steels, than have been possible previously. In particular, the identification of individual precipitate particles with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers in alloys containing high densities of several chemically and crystallographically different precipitate types is feasible. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was to establish a method which allowed individual particle identification to be made in a few seconds so that large numbers of particles could be examined in a few hours.A Philips EM400 microscope, fitted with the scanning transmission (STEM) objective lens pole-pieces and an EDAX energy dispersive X-ray analyser, was used at 120 kV with a thermal W hairpin filament. The precipitates examined were extracted using a standard C replica technique from specimens of a 2¼Cr-lMo ferritic steel in a quenched and tempered condition.

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