scholarly journals Tax Burden in the Management of Fixed Assets of Transport Enterprises in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
M. M. Tiurina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Management System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Tax Payments

The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure and dynamics of the tax burden in the management system of fixed assets in transport enterprises based on a study of macroeconomic indicators and information provided by the State Tax Service of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Disparities in the tax burden, a significant increase in the amount of taxes paid are identified; their structure and distribution between periods and modes of transport are calculated. A significant increase in tax pressure on transport companies has been determined for all indicators. The amount of taxes paid increased more than two and a half times in 2015–2019, including the increase by 23% in 2019. The largest part of tax payments is occupied by value added tax and taxes and fees on personal income (a total of 47% of all tax payments), income tax, property tax, single tax, rent for transportation and use of subsoil, special use of water, environmental and excise taxes, fees for parking spaces for vehicles. A significant share is made up of other revenues related to the specifics of the activities of transport companies, in particular, the State form of ownership. The share of total taxes in net sales revenue at transport enterprises reaches 12.1%, the proportion of income tax in the book value of fixed assets increased to 1.1%. The unit value of fixed assets generates 12% of tax revenues. Given the capital intensity of the transport industry, the significant level of depreciation of fixed assets, insufficient use of depreciation as a tax shield and significant tax pressure on transport companies, it is important to find ways to improve tax planning, which should be considered in the fixed assets management system. The tax policy of the State should be aimed at supporting transport companies in the renewal and modernization of rolling stock and transport infrastructure.

Taxes

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-163
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Revenue Source ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
State Tax

This chapter places Texas and California on the national spectrum of state tax policy and shows how they occupy opposite poles. Texas has maintained a low overall tax burden and is one of a small number of states that has steadfastly refused to adopt an income tax. Advocates of the Texas tax system argue that it protects personal freedom, promotes economic growth, and provides the state a crucial advantage in attracting new residents and businesses. Critics say the system is regressive and fails to produce adequate funding for government programs. By comparison, California has embraced a far higher tax burden and a progressive tax structure. Its largest revenue source, the personal income tax, is the highest in the nation. Advocates say California’s tax system generates needed funding for government programs and appropriately shifts the tax burden to those most able to pay, while critics say these taxes are excessive and help drive residents and businesses out of the state.

scholarly journals Analytical support in non-current assets management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Bohdaniuk ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Bohdaniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Management System ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Impact

In modern conditions, an important role is played by the ability to manage the assets of the enterprise, which depends on the effective development of production, maximizing profits and increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. In order to achieve high results of the enterprise it is important to monitor and analyze the state, the dynamics of the use of assets, to assess their impact on the main performance indicators of the enterprise. To do this, it is necessary to have timely and relevant analytical information. That is why the aim of the study were theoretical, methodological and practical issues of analysis of non-current assets in the management system of development of production potential of enterprises. The study was conducted on the materials of Agricultural Company "Svoboda", Odessa region, Izmail district, p. Stara Nekrasivka. The company’s reporting data for 2000 - 2019 were used. During the research general scientific and applied methods and techniques were used, in particular: dialectical method of cognition, analysis and synthesis, system approach (for studying theoretical issues of analysis of non-current assets); comparison, questionnaires, expert assessments, coefficient analysis (study of the practice of analysis of non-current assets); econometric modeling (assessment of the value of non-current assets in the management system of the production potential of the enterprise). The results of the modelling indicate the impact of the value of non-current assets, including fixed assets, the degree of their depreciation on the performance of the enterprise. We consider that for high performance of the enterprise it is important to monitor and analyze the state, the dynamics of the use of assets, to assess their impact on the main performance indicators of the enterprise. To increase the efficiency of formation and use of non-current assets in the analyzed company it is necessary to: implement all opportunities to increase production, improve its quality, increase competitiveness, ensure high return on investment and capital investment; reduce construction time and work in progress; to improve the acquisition of fixed assets, especially in the direction of optimizing the relationship between their individual species, groups.

scholarly journals Management of Tax Burden on Value-Added Tax at the Enterprise Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya Ostapenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Modern economic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by an excessive level of tax burden on business and the instability of tax legislation, which hinders the development of entrepreneurial activities of business entities. Therefore, one of the main factors of business growth is the creation of an effective and flexible mechanism for optimizing the tax burden at the enterprise level. The purpose of the article is to systematize the existing methods of management of tax burden on value-added tax at the enterprise Level, as well as to substantiate possible ways to optimize tax payments for VAT. The features of the formation of the tax burden on the activities of business entities were disclosed in the context of reforming the tax system of Ukraine. For the purpose of effective management of the value added tax burden at the enterprise, it was proposed: to organize a system of constant monitoring of the balance of funds on the electronic account, which is open for each VAT payer, in the electronic VAT administration system; to organize a control system under contracts for the receipt of commodity values (services); to establish partnerships with contractors-suppliers and buyers. In addition, to reduce the tax burden on VAT in the activities of business entities, the following measures have been proposed: to develop a calendar-schedule of payments and purchases; to coordinate advance payments and purchases with suppliers; to draw up a plan-calendar for registering your own tax invoices (tax liability) and received from the supplier (tax credit); to establish contractual relations with contractors-suppliers from the conditions of payment and registration of tax invoices stipulated in the contract.

scholarly journals The Theoretical Aspects of the Functioning of the System of Personal Income Taxation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
H. P. H. P. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Personal Income Taxation

The publication outlines theoretical aspects of the system of personal income taxation and determines that individuals and the tax agent are the paramount actors in certain synergistic relations of the institutional system elements. The state of formation of the revenue part of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine was researched. Monitoring the formation of the revenue part of the consolidated budget is a set of methods for identifying and assessing the causes and signs that may lead to an increase in the tax culture of personal income tax payers and, at the same time, to increase the revenue part of the budget. The study of the structure of the tax determined that income in the form of wages and income tax, which is paid by the tax agent on income in the form of wages, dominate with great advantage and indicate the urgency of changing the policy of the State and in the minds of taxpayers oward their diversification. The fiscal pressure of income tax on taxpayers is analyzed. The tax burden should also take into account the cost of social benefits received, and therefore local self-government bodies should have information on the amount of taxes paid by one person or one employee and their dynamics in the future. A forecast of the tax burden on payment of tax to local budgets is carried out. It is proved that local self-government bodies should have not only a sufficiently predicted, but also an ever-growing amount of income tax, which requires urgent reform of the current taxation system. Ways to improve the system of personal income taxation are proposed. The author singles out the main stages of the strategy for reforming the personal income taxation system and the strategic goal: obtaining maximum revenues to the budget with an acceptable tax burden on the taxpayer. A set of factors of influence and differences between the taxation system of Ukraine and those established in other countries is formed.

scholarly journals On the way to balance of forestry land use of Ukraine: ecological-and-economic aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-244
Author(s):  
Orest Furdychko ◽  
Oksana Drebot ◽  
Nina Palianychko ◽  
Stepan Dankevych ◽  
Yoshihiko Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
State Forestry ◽  
Forest Lands

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to investigate the ecological-and-economic aspect of certain factors to ensure the balanced use of forest lands; develop proposals for the formation of the basis for the development of sustainable forestry. Methodology / approach. We used the following methods: dialectical method of cognition for the analysis of scientific works of scientists concerning problems of balanced use of lands of forestry purpose; method of analogies (transfer of patterns of development of one process with certain amendments to another process or territory); statistical (based on quantitative indicators that allow drawing conclusions about the pace of the process); comparative analysis (comparison of indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland); correlation analysis (identification of factors on which the forecast significantly depends; clarification of relationships, their relationship with the predicted phenomenon under the influence of certain factors), graphical, abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). The information base of the study is the data of the Global Assessment of Forest Resources of FAO 2020, the data of the Monitoring of Land Relations in Ukraine, the reporting of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine, the data of the Forest Stewardship Council®. Based on the annual reports of the State Forestry Agency of Ukraine, some indicators of the report of 288 state forestries for 2018–2020 are consolidated in terms of 24 regional departments of forestry and hunting. Results. In the dynamics for 2018–2020, changes in the volume of forest resources, forest reserves, biomass, and carbon density were studied; the indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland are compared. The volumes of forest certification by regions of Ukraine are estimated. The relationships between capital investments in forestry production and the price of sold wood, the volume of net income of state forestry, the amount of profit, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets; between the tax burden on state forestries and financial stability was studied. Based on the assessment of the relationships and changes in individual indicators, the need to update the fixed assets of forest enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument is justified. The results of this study are a summary of evidence on the environmental and economic aspects of the impact of certain factors on the sustainable use of forest lands, which in turn forms the scientific basis for achieving the goals of state environmental policy of Ukraine. Originality / scientific novelty. The studied interdependencies between the statistical characteristics of individual indicators of forestry land use made it possible to identify factors to ensure balanced use of forestry lands. It is substantiated that reforestation, forest certification, renewal of fixed assets of forestry enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument, optimization of the tax burden of forestry activities are favorable factors to ensure the balance of forestry land use. It is proved that the excessive tax burden is a deterrent to the balanced use of forest lands. It is proposed to alleviate the tax burden on forestry activities by reducing the rate of deduction of net income of state forestry enterprises, eliminating the problem of double taxation of the forest fund, which under limited budget funding will allow state forestries to accumulate their own financial resources to ensure sustainable land use. Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used to: (I) structure the factors of sustainable use of forest lands; (II) defining the goals of sustainable development when developing the strategy of forestry enterprises; (III) analysis of the achievement of sustainable development goals at the national level, defined by the Basic Principles (strategy) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The results of the study can be used both at the level of forest management entities, as well as at the regional and national levels, to make management decisions on the implementation of measures that ensure the balanced use of forest land. Also, the causal links between indicators that arise from the response of indicators to certain factors open up new opportunities for forest management planning. These results can provide important information for the protection and use of forest resources in all regions of Ukraine.

Price problem in the regional productivity account

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kotlewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Regional Productivity ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Price Problem ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Constant Prices

The aim of the article is to present the method of data conversion available at different prices, not always suitable for decomposition of economic growth at regional level. The analyses and considerations in the article are based on the CSO data. The article shows how it is possible to convert data on the state of fixed assets available only in book-keeping prices for voivodships into data in current prices as well as on gross value added, both labour and capital compensation concerning voivodships, available only in current prices into data in constant prices. By performing such operations, with certain simplifying assumptions, it is possible to decompose economic growth at the level of voivodships.

scholarly journals Evidence on Relative Tax Burden of Taxpayers with Income from Employment in the Czech Republic

Equilibrium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Brychta
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
The State ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Health Insurance Premiums

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of relative tax burden of taxpayers (natural persons) with income from employment in the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2009. Single, childless taxpayers with tax residency in the Czech Republic were chosen to represent this category of taxpayers. The amount of the tax burden was conceived as the sum of natural person income tax and the social and health insurance premiums paid by the taxpayer (employee), constituting in its nature and character a tax equivalent. The amount of these legally imposed payments was set with respect to the state valid and effective as of December 31st of the relevant year, in case of the year 2009 with respect to the state as of June 30th. The results of the performed analysis prove gradual decrease in relative tax burden in the period of 1993–2009 for taxpayers of all income groups. However, the decrease cannot be characterized as uniform. The most marked decrease was identified with taxpayers in the upper income groups. The most significant change in the relative tax burden took effect in association with changes introduced in the Act on Income Taxes as of January 1st, 2008 when the progressive income tax of natural persons was replaced with a flat-rate tax and when changes were introduced to the concept of the partial income tax base calculations applicable to natural persons. The main contribution of this paper can be seen in the fact that the comparison encompasses the time interval covering the entire effective life of the Act on Income Taxes. It is also important that in view of the specified solution conditions, the relative tax burden values presented in the graphs can be understood as maximum values of the tax burden of taxpayers having income from employment.

scholarly journals ПОДАТКОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ПІДТРИМКИ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ В РОСІЇ

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Марина Михайлівна Богданова
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Tax Holidays ◽  
Tax Payments

This article is devoted to the study of the topic of tax levers for regulating the activities of small businesses in Russia. Tax aspects of business are included in the scope of financial support from the state for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The aim of the study is to analyze the tax instruments through which the state provides financial support to small businesses. The subject of the research is the measures of state financial support for small businesses in terms of taxation. In the course of the research, such methods were applied as: comparative, statistical, descriptive, analysis and synthesis. Research hypothesis. Identification of the optimal tax instruments for financial support of small business will allow the subjects of this sphere of the economy to function effectively without causing a conflict of interest between entrepreneurship and the state in paying taxes to the budget. Presentation of the main material. Small business entities in the Russian Federation have the right to state support in the form of financial, property, information, and consulting assistance. Financial assistance, as the most significant, consists in the provision of government subsidies, preferential types of loans, tax holidays, special tax regimes, simplified accounting procedures, etc. Tax instruments of financial support are of key importance for business entities, as they allow regulating the tax burden depending on the types of activities, the scale of the organization, the amount of income and many other factors. For Russian business entities, there are 5 taxation regimes, of which one is general and four special (preferential), tax holidays for small businesses and tax incentives for types of taxes. Originality and practical significance of the research. A comparative analysis of special tax regimes showed that the profitability of a particular tax regime is determined by the goals of the business, the scale and scope of activity. Conclusions and prospects for further use. The use of special tax regimes helps to optimize tax payments, and tax incentives reduce the tax burden of business entities. However, in the current conditions of the spread of the pandemic, increased attention from the state to small businesses is required in order to regulate the possible loss of profitability due to the introduction of restrictive measures, and, as a result, a decrease in the population's ability to pay, which, in turn, will negatively affect the replenishment of the country's budget with tax payments.

scholarly journals Tax Reform in the Context of European Integration Processes and the Crisis: Possible Results for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Iryna Nechayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Capital Tax ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Tax system reform should be built on the basic interpretation of taxes as a means of resources’ reallocation providing with social stability, economy stimulation, social goods’ production, etc. All of the taxes have merits as well as flaws. A typical tax system is a combination of different taxes which, in certain circumstances, requires reformation and modernization. Currently, European integration and crisis represent such circumstances for Ukraine. Meeting requirements and conditions of the EU allows fulfilling society requests and realization of the state commitments. All of the above is possible due to the rational formation and use of public finances one of the main tools of which is tax system optimization. Ukraine should bring the tax system into accordance with the EU standards taking into account the interests of the state and business. Its modernization and prediction for the sustainable development of the business environment will contribute to the increase in the income to the state budget while achieving macroeconomic stability. The matter of tax system reformation is especially acute in crisis since beside threats it creates opportunities for implementation of withdrawn capital tax which will promote business development in the future. Purpose. Justification of the need to implement a tax on capital in Ukraine under the conditions of integration processes and crisis. Results. The current work includes analysis of the main elements of the tax systems of Ukraine and the EU countries. It has been established, in particular, that tax proceedings to the budget constitute the main part of the state budget income in Ukraine as well as in countries- members of the EU. The personal income tax, business income tax, excises tax, value-added tax, in their turn, are the main sources of contribution to the state budget. The experience and results of withdrawn capital tax implementation in some countries in the world and the European Union have been researched. It has been established that an increase in investments and GDP is registered in almost all of the analyzed countries. Conclusions. Implementation of the withdrawn capital tax in Ukraine has been proven to be necessary since it will lead to a decrease in administrative expense and amount of time required to prepare the reports, as well as facilitate running a business, increase the levels of business capitalization, create a more enabling environment for investment and increase investment appeal of Ukraine.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PASAL 25 PADA PT. SURYA FAJAR MAS MANADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Ryan Yngwie Mamahit ◽  
Harijanto Sabijono ◽  
Stanley Kho Walandouw
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Tax Laws ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
A Company

Tax is main source of revenue for financing all govermental expenditures, both in terms of development and activities related to the interests of the country. Used also for general fund expenses related to the duty of the state to govern. PT. Surya Fajar Mas is a company engaged in the construction field. Company made tax payments, one of which is that the corporate income tax income tax Article 25. This study aims to determine the calculation, depositing, and reporting of income tax Article 25 on PT. Surya Fajar Mas. This study used a quantitative study. The result shows that the calculation of income tax artile 25 at PT. Surya Fajar Mas was correct and in correcting the fiscal in accordance with the applicable tax laws. It is recommended that both operasional and administrative and general as well as other expenses should be substantiated with strong and valid evidance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document