Bioeconomy as the modern paradigm of economic development

One of the most relevant scientific studies of social economic policy of countries around the world is the development of bio-oriented economy. Many countries are creating new models of innovative development, one of which is bioeconomy. The purpose of the study is to determine the priorities of implementation bioeconomics model of innovative development in Ukraine. The main task of the study is to outline the possibilities use of new innovative methods of production on the basis of development of a bio-oriented economy. General scientific and special research methods: method of theoretical generalization for the formation of their own approach to understanding of the new paradigm of economic development on a bioeconomics basis; morphological analysis to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus regarding the researched problem; method of system analysis for the study of scientific and legal principles bioeconomy development. The article describes a new direction of economic development at which is reused and recycled, conditions are created for multiple, cyclical use of resources that creates a basis for the formation of the bioeconomy. The necessity of using modern knowledge in economics is considered human activities to restore the environment on the basis of the latest production technologies and biological resources. Characterized State bioeconomics strategies of the EU and Ukraine for development bioeconomy. One should notice that the bioeconomy is considered a key basis of modern innovative areas of economic development. It is based on extensive use of biotechnology and the use of biological renewable resources for production and energy production. Attention is drawn to the fact that the priority areas of the bioeconomy are creating preconditions for the economical use of natural resources, minimization of environmental risks and integration of biotechnological knowledge in different sectors of the economy and the establishment of economic ties between industries that were not previously the subject of the study. It is concluded that the role of the core of the bioeconomy is performed by the rural economy, as it is the main raw material base. Bioeconomy based on biomass and biotechnology where the main components are renewable biomass sources, in particular of agricultural origin.

Directions of government debt securities market development

The securities market is a powerful platform to accumulate capitals for further investment in favor of structural reconstruction of economy, increasing population welfare level at the cost of fund financial instrument holding. As one of financial instruments the government debt securities gained widespread use as reliable, easy-to-use and readily obtainable financial assets. The place of bonds of domestic government loan in the formation of Ukraine’s public debt and financing of the state budget deficit is highlighted in the article. The modern statistics confirms the safety and viability for the use of internal government debt securities, and the author in made research proves significant increase of amounts attracted to budget financial fund from Ukrainian domestic government bonds settlement. The article systemizes the data on main indicators of the domestic market of Ukrainian domestic government bonds, determines the portfolio structure on the basis of ownership and describes ways to expand range of potential investors, for example, by involving physical entities. Several banks – primary dealers were chosen to analyze the purchase terms of Ukrainian domestic government bonds for citizens of Ukraine on the primary market. The directions of developments of domestic internal bet market was determined, and they are to strengthen communication with fund market participants, to concentrate liquidity in certain instruments, to protect investors multilateral trading systems, to make pricing transparent on the Ukrainian domestic government bonds market, to arrange auctions regularly, diversification of foreign currency debt structure portfolio etc. The well-structured process of Ukrainian domestic government bonds emission in the part of public debts management strategy will allow to hold investors with such investment time frame interested to obtain instruments in the mid-run.

Justification of economic performance of processing of grain crops in biogas

The article presents a study on the justification of the economic feasibility of processing cereals into biogas. Аt the first stage the sown areas and productivity of separate agricultural crops in the investigated enterprises of Brovarsky district, Kyiv region were analyzed. The tendency to increase the yield of agricultural crops in the studied enterprises was revealed. This was seen as evidence that they could potentially be fully self-sufficient in raw materials for the production of gaseous biofuels. At the second stage of the study, the potential volume of the raw material base for biogas production in the studied enterprises was calculated, potential volume of biogas production and economically feasible volume of biogas production for each enterprise. It is proposed to use part of the grown grain for bioenergy production, and this part should be 10-15% of the gross harvest of grain enterprises in order to prevent the food crisis in the country. At the third stage of the study to determine the economic efficiency of biogas production from wheat and corn, investment costs were calculated, necessary for the implementation of the project to install a biogas plant in the studied enterprises. The authors calculated the investment costs required to implement the project of installing a biogas plant at the studied enterprises. The authors also analyzed the costs of each company for future projects. Finally, the economic efficiency of the proposed project for biogas production in the studied enterprises of Brovary district, Kyiv region is calculated, the economic efficiency of the project in the long run is analyzed with the use of discounted indicators of economic efficiency with a life cycle of 5 years. It was found that the implementation of projects for biogas production may be accompanied by high efficiency, all enterprises will receive profits from the implementation of investment projects for the production of biogas and biofertilizers with the subsequent sale of biogas and the use of biofertilizers for their own needs.

Analytical support in non-current assets management

In modern conditions, an important role is played by the ability to manage the assets of the enterprise, which depends on the effective development of production, maximizing profits and increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. In order to achieve high results of the enterprise it is important to monitor and analyze the state, the dynamics of the use of assets, to assess their impact on the main performance indicators of the enterprise. To do this, it is necessary to have timely and relevant analytical information. That is why the aim of the study were theoretical, methodological and practical issues of analysis of non-current assets in the management system of development of production potential of enterprises. The study was conducted on the materials of Agricultural Company "Svoboda", Odessa region, Izmail district, p. Stara Nekrasivka. The company’s reporting data for 2000 - 2019 were used. During the research general scientific and applied methods and techniques were used, in particular: dialectical method of cognition, analysis and synthesis, system approach (for studying theoretical issues of analysis of non-current assets); comparison, questionnaires, expert assessments, coefficient analysis (study of the practice of analysis of non-current assets); econometric modeling (assessment of the value of non-current assets in the management system of the production potential of the enterprise). The results of the modelling indicate the impact of the value of non-current assets, including fixed assets, the degree of their depreciation on the performance of the enterprise. We consider that for high performance of the enterprise it is important to monitor and analyze the state, the dynamics of the use of assets, to assess their impact on the main performance indicators of the enterprise. To increase the efficiency of formation and use of non-current assets in the analyzed company it is necessary to: implement all opportunities to increase production, improve its quality, increase competitiveness, ensure high return on investment and capital investment; reduce construction time and work in progress; to improve the acquisition of fixed assets, especially in the direction of optimizing the relationship between their individual species, groups.

Improving the efficiency of the road transportation process in agricultural production

The article is devoted to the solution of a topical issue- improving the efficiency of road transportation process on the basis of improving the methods of vehicles selecting for the transportation of certain agricultural cargo under the given operating conditions. It has been proved that significant number of parameters influenced on the efficiency of road transportation in agricultural production. In addition to the generally accepted factors (maintenance costs and fuels and lubricants), transportation conditions, type of cargo, type of unloading and loading operations have a significant impact in agricultural production conditions. It is proved that variety of agricultural cargo within one farm encourages enterprises to form a universal automobile park. As a result of the analysis of purchases of vehicles by agricultural enterprises, it has been determined that there are no stable approaches of enterprises to forming the automobile park, which confirms the thesis of the influence as big number of factors on the choice of vehicles for transportation in agricultural production conditions. The approaches to the definition of the reserves for increasing the efficiency of the available automobile park and to the formation of the optimal structure for certain operational conditions have been considered. The objective need for proper grounding of the choice of vehicle for the conditions of agricultural production, due to the need to take into account a large number of parameters that characterize both the vehicle and the cargo and transportation conditions. In this context, the authors have proposed for practical use an algorithm for selecting a vehicle to perform specific transport work on the transportation of agricultural products, which takes into account the set of vehicles characteristics, cargo type and transport conditions. Attention has been drawn on the need for a systematic approach to the selection of transport vehicles estimation criteria in agricultural production. Taking into account the size of the bulk density, the availability of loading and unloading facilities, the peculiarities of transportation conditions, the amount of average expenses per unit of transport allows to comprehensively assess a single vehicle, optimize the choice of vehicle transportation of concrete agricultural cargo, minimize financial losses, thus, to increase the efficiency of the transportation process in agricultural production. Consideration of the optimal list of vehicle parameters provided by the presented algorithm will increase the efficiency of the transport process in agricultural production, both by reducing operating costs and by saving cargo and time. The clear structure of the proposed algorithm, with justification of each of its steps and, the purpose of each step, certainty and discreteness makes it easy to solve with available software.

The relationship between GHG emissions and agricultural land productivity in the EU member states and Ukraine

The article is devoted to the quantitative relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural land productivity in EU member states and Ukraine (a country that continues to integrate into the EU). The author made a comparative analysis of the productivity of agricultural land in EU member states, other leading players in the world agricultural market, Ukraine and the world average. The method of statistical grouping to determine the reason for the different productivity of agricultural land (the value of gross output per 1 hectare of agricultural land) in the EU member states and in Ukraine was used. The author identified the cause of high levels of greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide equivalent) per hectare of agricultural land in the most developed EU countries by using the graphical method. Based on the calculated target level of greenhouse gas emissions per hectare of agricultural land in the EU until 2030, required by the European Green Deal, the probable threat to EU member states and Ukraine in terms of possible decline in agricultural production has been identified. By using the econometric method and the method of regression analysis, the author identified the existence of a positive and strong quantitative relationship between emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent and value of agricultural production per hectare of land in EU member states and Ukraine. The magnitude of the increasing of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions under condition of increasing the value of gross output per hectare of agricultural land by one euro is calculated. Based on the results of the study, the author concluded that there is a high probability of reducing the productivity of agricultural land in developed EU countries, if greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to the level of the target value. The author also substantiated the practical lack of opportunity for less developed countries of the EU and Ukraine to increase the economic productivity of land, according to realize the requirements of the European Green Deal. Recommendations for avoiding a possible threat in agricultural production of the studied countries are summarized.

Directions of activation of investment activity of small and medium enterprises of the agricultural sector

The article substantiates the directions of investment activity of the small and medium enterprises of the agrarian sector of Ukraine. The role of the small and medium sized enterprises is well-grounded in modern economic conditions and the need to intensify their investment activities is shown. The current situation with the development of such enterprises is analyzed and the specific measures to stimulate the investment activity are indicated. It is proved that the investment activity of small and medium-sized agrarian enterprises should be intensified. It is obvious that the large agrarian enterprises possess more abilities in attracting investments in particular in implementing the new technologies. However, these are the small and medium sized agrarian enterprises able to reach both economic and social goals and serve as an elevator for the youth in the villages. Also the food security function is implemented by the small and medium-sized agrarian enterprises. The analysis of the data on the development of small and medium-sized agrarian enterprises in Ukraine shows the importance of them for the economic growth and the development of the national economy. Their development was unfortunately negatively affected by the fast spread of the corona virus in the world and the following quarantine restrictions. The data on the development of small and medium agrarian enterprises in Ukraine and in Germany has been presented in order to compare and to use the positive German experience in domestic conditions. In current conditions it is necessary to implement urgent measures to support the small and medium enterprises, i.e. to reduce the tax burden, to provide access to markets, in particular by stimulating the export activities of small and medium enterprises, to increase the level of digitalization of them. Presently there are public programs for support of the small and medium agrarian enterprises introduced by the Government. If these measures prove to be effective there are positive anticipations concerning the renewal and intensification of the development of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine.

Assessment of concentration of producers on the beef market

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the functioning of the beef market and its impact on the development of the country’s economy. It is emphasized that the importance of national food security and the country’s export potential is an indisputable fact. It is emphasized that an important role in this mission of the state is played by livestock, which provides the population with valuable food. Therefore, the state of development of this branch of agriculture is relevant at present and is one of the priorities of agricultural policy. The importance and role of cattle meat in food security are substantiated. Based on the calculation of five concentration indicators (concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, Hall-Tidman index, market share variance, coefficient of variation, entropy coefficient, relative entropy coefficient), the peculiarities of competition in the domestic meat market are determined. Calculations show that this market is moderately concentrated with a limited oligopoly, has weak market power of economic entities, and a high level of competition in the foreign market of cattle. It is established that ensuring the competitiveness of domestic beef is possible due to the revival of the meat industry based on the development of specialized enterprises, which will reduce production costs, provide affordable prices for beef in rising food prices and product quality standards to enter foreign markets. It is emphasized that the effective development of the meat market will contribute to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and increase the competitiveness of domestic products. There is still a wide field for research on the mechanisms of state support for the development of livestock in order to restore the potential of the industry and provide the country with stable international positions.

Innovative marketing as an effective tool of business success

Theoretical principles and mechanisms of innovative marketing development substantiated and covered taking into account the best European practices and national characteristics. The research is uses dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, uses a monographic method, which analyzes the evolution of scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the development of innovative marketing, an empirical method of comprehensive assessment of the current state of innovation as an effective tool for business success, comparative analysis of diversity types of innovations, which creates opportunities and preconditions for their more active use by enterprises of different spheres of activity and contributes to the success of business, comparative analysis of the diversity of types of innovations, which creates opportunities and prerequisites for their more active use by enterprises of different fields and contributes to business success, as well as abstract-logical method, which developed theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Process of studying is development of innovative marketing in Ukraine and in some European countries, the current state of innovation is highlighted and its economic aspects are analyzed. The main results of modern transformations in innovation marketing are identified and it is determined that it is a systematic integration of the full innovation cycle: from consideration of market conditions of innovative products, their business planning, sales, promotion of innovative products, innovation and revenue generation. Innovation marketing differs from traditional marketing in that it is not related to a real product, but to innovations and evaluation of the effectiveness of their development and promotion in innovation. Along with the constant changes, it is advisable to formulate a definition of innovative marketing as a comprehensive system of enterprise aimed at analyzing and managing innovations based on marketing information and marketing tools and provides for the implementation of tasks using innovative marketing tools, which will contribute to business success.

Population income differentiation under modern condition of economics development

Income generation is a problem that cannot leave anyone indifferent. It is known that income in a market economy is a fee for the use of production resources or a reward for the contribution to the creation of the product. It is the main source of meeting the needs of consumer goods and services, due to their accumulation and consumption, and the level and quality of life is determined by the quantity and quality of goods that can be purchased for their income. Income determines the level and quality of life of the population and is an indicator of its well-being. In Ukraine, the differentiation of incomes is growing every year, which weakens the economic development of the country. Half of the country’s population lives below the poverty line, and skilled labor emigrates abroad as a result of growing social tensions. Political instability, military confrontation in the east, low living standards, the epidemiological situation associated with the coronavirus pandemic, the development of the shadow economy, high levels of corruption, low wages, and impoverishment have led to income differentiation. Therefore, the state should focus all its activities not only on socio-economic development of the country, finding effective methods, norms, standards to improve the quality and quality of life, but also pursue a reasonable and balanced income regulation policy that will reduce the ratio between poor and rich. The income of the population should reflect the social status of the individual or household. However, currently incomes do not show the real standard of living of the population, so they are studied and studied together with the costs. It should be noted that in Ukraine in recent years there has been deterioration in living standards population, which leads to a reduction in household savings (accumulation of non-financial assets). The results of the study show that the population spends most of its income on consumption, namely on food and do not have the opportunity to make savings, which can be investment resources. Therefore, the lack of monetary resources in the domestic market forces the government and economic entities to attract them abroad, which leads to an increase in external debt and a decrease in the welfare of the population. It is possible to overcome income differentiation, but it is difficult, it requires financial resources and an effective and competent socio-economic policy aimed at improving the standard and quality of life.