scholarly journals Female Economic Participation and Economic Growth: An Empirical Evaluation of the Nexus for sub-Saharan African Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Olayemi Jemiluyi ◽  
Dauda Olalekan Yinusa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
African Region ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Sub Saharan

More recently, there has been increasing recognition of gender perspective to achieve economic growth and sustainable development. Although the nexus between gender equality and economic growth has enjoyed sizeable consideration in the literature, empirical evaluation of the economic growth effect of female economic participation is few. Hence, this study seeks to examine the relationship between female economic participation and the economic growth process of the sub-Saharan African region. In particular, the study tests whether there is an economic growth premium due to female participation in economic activities using data for a sample of 35 sub-Saharan African economies. Employing the Prais-Winsten regression, the findings suggest the existence of a significant positive effect of female economic participation on economic growth in the region. Specifically, a per cent increase in female employment rate and female labour force participation leads to a 0.028 per cent and 0.021 per cent increase in economic growth. Also, the share of working population, domestic credit to the private sector and urbanization rate are positively correlated with economic growth during the study period. The findings imply that female economic empowerment is important for achieving economic growth in the region; hence empowerment of women and girls should be made focal in national and regional development plans as stipulated in goal 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) plan.

scholarly journals Thresholds of income inequality that mitigate the role of gender inclusive education in promoting gender economic inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Nicholas Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose This study aims to provide the thresholds of inequality that should not be exceeded if gender inclusive education is to enhance gender inclusive formal economic participation in sub-Saharan Africa. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is based on the generalised method of moments and data from 42 countries during the period 2004-2014. Findings The following findings are established. First, inclusive tertiary education unconditionally promotes gender economic inclusion, while the interaction between tertiary education and inequality is unfavourable to gender economic inclusion. Second, a Gini coefficient that nullifies the positive incidence of inclusive tertiary education on female labour force participation is 0.562. Second, the Gini coefficient and Palma ratio that crowd-out the negative unconditional effects of inclusive tertiary education on female unemployment are 0.547 and 6.118, respectively. Third, a 0.578 Gini coefficient, a 0.680 Atkinson index and a 6.557 Palma ratio are critical masses that wipe out the positive unconditional effects of inclusive tertiary education on female employment. The findings associated with lower levels of education are not significant. Practical implications As the main policy implication, income inequality should not be tolerated above the established thresholds for gender inclusive education to promote gender inclusive formal economic participation. Other implications are discussed in the light of sustainable development goals. Originality/value This study complements the existing literature by providing inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded for gender inclusive education to promote the involvement of women in the formal economic sector.

scholarly journals Effect of the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the Life Expectancy Rate on Economic Growth in SSA Countries: Difference GMM Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salisu Ibrahim Waziri ◽  
Norashidah Mohamed Nor ◽  
Nik Mustapha Raja Abdullah ◽  
Peter Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
African Region ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>The productivity of countries around the globe is adversely affected by the health-related problems of their labour force. This study examined the effect of the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and life expectancy on the economic growth of 33 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over a period of 11 years (2002–2012). The study employed a dynamic panel approach as opposed to the static traditional approach utilised in the literature. The dynamic approach became eminent because of the fact that HIV/AIDS is a dynamic variable as its prevalence today depends on the previous years. The result revealed that HIV/AIDS is negatively correlated with economic growth in the region, with a coefficient of 0.014, and significant at the 1% level. That is, a 10% increase in HIV/AIDS prevalence leads to a 0.14% decrease in the GDP of the region. Tackling HIV/AIDS is therefore imperative to the developing Sub-Saharan African region and all hands must be on deck to end the menace globally.</p>

Inequality and the economic participation of women in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Nicholas Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Gender Inclusion ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of inequality on female employment in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004–2014. Design/methodology/approach Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. Two indicators of gender inclusion are also employed, namely: female employment and female unemployment rates. The empirical analysis is based on the generalised method of moments. Findings The following main findings are established. First, inequality increases female unemployment in regressions based on the Palma ratio. Second, from the robustness checks, inequality reduces female employment within the frameworks of the Gini coefficient and Palma ratio. Originality/value Studies on the relevance of income inequality on female economic participation in SSA are sparse.

scholarly journals “ECONOMIC GROWTH, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ANDINTERACTING ROLE OF EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING-8 COUNTRIES: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY PERSPECTIVE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5263-5272
Author(s):  
Saima Sajid, NorehanBt Abdullah, Abdul Razak Chik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Panel Ardl ◽  
Long Run

The objective of the present paper is to determine that how the level of education drives the relationship between economic growth and female labour force participation (FLFP) in developing-8 (D-8) countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey).To achieve this objective, the gross enrolment at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels are incorporated as interaction with economic growth. The empirical estimation carried through the panel ARDL (Pooled Mean Group) for the short and long-run analysis from 1980 -2018.The results revealed that economic growth is positively associated with FLFP. This indicates that economic growth augments prospects for FLFPR on the one hand, it reassures women to obtain anticipated skills engendered by new development on the other hand. Resultantly women choose to switch from the labor market to substitute education at secondary or primary. The tertiary level of education enables women to participate more in the labor market even with the increased demand for skills. This is evident by the findings from the interaction effect of different levels of enrolment. Therefore, having observed economic growth as a crucial factor, and education asa moderator several policy guidelines are formulated to enhance the status of female labor in developing-8 countries. This can be done by adopting the proper policy through the provision of basic skills, on the job training, and subsidized higher education, this would enable the sustainable development of society.  

scholarly journals Does Social Businesses Development Affect Bioenergy Industry Growth under the Pathway of Sustainable Development?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Alsaleh ◽  
Muhammad Abdulwakil ◽  
Abdul Abdul-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

The Treaty of European Union (EU) sets out the EU vision for sustainable development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social progress, and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment. This led us to ask whether or not social business development stimulates the development of the bioenergy sector in the EU28 countries. Given the increasing rates of energy insecurity, environmental pollution, poverty, and unemployment, countries are switching to alternative energy sources that might promote social business development, climate change, and environmental quality. In this scenario, the bioenergy industry has received the attention of scholars and policymakers alike. The role social business development can play in the growth of the bioenergy industry remains uncertain, therefore, further investigation is necessary. This study, therefore, explores the relationships between the bioenergy industry and social business development indicators related to zero emissions, zero poverty, and zero unemployment for EU28 region countries from 1990 to 2018. Empirical evidence is based on the use of a new economic model, dynamic panel co-integration simulations (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square, Dynamic Ordinary Least Square, and Pooled Ordinary Least Square). The results reveal a negative relationship between EU28′s bioenergy industry growth and carbon dioxide emissions, vulnerable employment, and unemployment rate, suggesting that bioenergy industry growth helps reduce pollution and unemployment. Likewise, bioenergy industry growth increases food supply, economic growth, and female employment and might be the best alternative to fossil fuels. Necessary policy related to bioenergy industry growth can be formulated, especially in achieving the sustainable development goals for social businesses.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Relationship between Poverty and Environmental Sustainability in Sub-Saharan African Countries using Dynamic Econometric Models

Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Owusu Samuel Mensah ◽  
Chen Jianlin ◽  
Fu Chuambo ◽  
Hu Qio
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable development remains an important issue in the quest to achieve a safe and a better world. The expansion of the 8 millennium development goals into the 17 sustainable development goals is a testament of the conscious desire to improve the human environment to ensure better quality of life for its citizens. This study assembles a collection of four sophisticated econometric models to determine the impact of poverty and other variables on two indicators of environmental sustainability. Beside, economic development, the study confirmed the negative impact of poverty on both indicators of sustainable development. The results prove that poverty in sub-Saharan Africa is a threat to environmental quality and its consequential challenges. The call to promote environmentally responsible behaviours should not be focused on developed countries alone. Poverty is also associated with high levels of pollution and poor countries including countries in sub-Saharan Africa contributes must equally restrategise for effective environmental goals. The study further discloses that poverty is one of the strongest factors that affect environmental sustainability. This observation is not a contradiction to the well-established fact that prosperity or economic growth is a major precursor of unsustainable environment. On the contrary the evidence in this paper amplifies a consequence of a social crisis if they fester at both ends. In one breath, whereas economic growth or economic prosperity can compromise the quality of the environment. In conclusion, this result implies that African countries in their pursuit of economic growth, education and effective healthcare to ameliorate poverty must incorporate other aggressive strategies to hasten poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Growth effect of income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the transmission channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abidemi Odusanya ◽  
Anthony Enisan Akinlo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Credit Market Imperfection ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ssa Countries

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ranks as the second most unequal region globally (in terms of income distribution), harboring 10 of the 19 most unequal countries in the world. This paper explores the channels through which income inequality exerts its effects on economic growth in SSA. The study spans the period 1995–2015, focusing on 31 SSA countries. Findings from the two-step system generalized method of moments suggest that income inequality exerts a significant positive effect on economic growth via the saving transmission channel, while it has a statistically significant negative effect on economic growth in the region through the channels of fertility, credit market imperfection, and fiscal policy.

scholarly journals Sino-African Relations: Economic Opportunities and Challenges for China

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmad ◽  
Azka Gull ◽  
Sehrish Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Ongoing Development

Africa is known for its massive labour force and natural resources. In terms of economic growth, African countries have faced prolonged phases of economic crises. China is a significant contributor in Africa’s economic stability. This paper analyses and evaluates the current opportunities and challenges related to China’s engagements in Africa and its policies for triggering economic development in African countries. China’s comprehensive approach is more concentrated on the sustainable development of the domestic infrastructure and job creation for the Africa communities. But there exists a gap in the current Chinese policies that have deepened the concerns of the locals about economic growth and progress. China needs to develop policies that would be mutually beneficial, these policies must ensure economic stability, job creation and growth. Various ongoing development projects initiated by the Chinese have in fact created insecurities amongst the Africans. This anxiety among the locals have become a major hurdle for China’s plans in the continent. Ongoing Chinese policies need to be innovative along with the integration of modern economic models. A reform in the current policies would ensure maximum benefits for both economic partners.

Human capital threshold, foreign direct investment and economic growth: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friday Osemenshan Anetor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating effect of human capital in foreign direct investment (FDI) and growth nexus and establish the threshold of human capital in 28 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1999–2017. Design/methodology/approach This study used a secondary source of data obtained from the World Development Indicator and used the system generalized method of moments and dynamic panel threshold regression (TR) to analyze the data. Findings This study found that FDI and human capital have no significant impact on the economic growth in SSA. However, when the interactive term of FDI and human capital was introduced in the model, the economic growth effect of FDI became positive and significant, while the coefficient of the interactive term is negative and significant. This presupposes that SSA does not have a sufficient high-quality workforce that can absorb and transform the spillover benefits of FDI into economic growth. As a result, this study applied the TR to determine the minimum level of human capital and established a threshold level at 63.91%. Practical implications It, therefore, becomes pertinent for policymakers in the SSA region to have a human capital policy to build up their absorptive capacities to fully take advantage of FDI. Originality/value The contribution of this study lies in establishing a threshold of human capital at 63.91% for countries in the SSA region.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Education and Economic Growth: Analyzing Empirically a Case of Middle-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Lamia Jamel ◽  
Monia Ben Ltaifa ◽  
Ahmed K Elnagar ◽  
Abdelkader Derbali ◽  
Ali Lamouchi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the nexus between education accumulation and economic growth for a sample of middle-income countries through panel data regressions. The sample consists of 28 middle-income countries from various continents: North Africa and the Middle East (6 countries), sub-Saharan Africa (7 countries), Latin America and the Caribbean (8 countries), East Asia and the Pacific (3 countries), and Europe and Central Asia (4 countries). Education is measured by quantitative (average years of labour force study) and qualitative indicators (student scores on international assessments of educational achievements). To test the impact of education accumulation on GDP per capita growth, a static panel is used during the period of study from 1970 to 2014. A dynamic panel is also being developed to estimate the effect of the education stock on the growth rate of GDP per capita. The results confirm the positive and significant impact of the education quantity and quality on economic growth, both in level and variation. The stock of education and its increase are positively affecting the growth. Moreover, this paper’s original findings suggest that the quality of education is more significant than its quantity.

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