scholarly journals Socio-Economic Determinants of Maize Production of Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Murad Mohammed Baker ◽  
Desta Bati Nuno
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Yield Gaps

Agricultural sector is a mainstay of farmers’ livelihoods in Ethiopia. Maize is a largest crop being grown in Ethiopia; however, currently, yield gaps are the challenges faced by the producers. This study has an objective of identifying the determinants of maize production of smallholder farmers. Data were collected from 200 farmers living in the selected kebeles (communes) of Meta district in the East Hararge zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. The collected data was analyzed using multiple linear regression model. The result showed that the production of maize was influenced by several factors. Non-farm activity had a positive impact on the production of maize. Thus, the farmers who had money from non-farm sources utilized these additional incomes as inputs to gain more maize production. The cultivated areas of land have a positive influence on the higher yields of maize. The maize crop production of smallholder farmers was negatively affected by Development Agent’s office. The study suggests that policy makers should encourage the current maize production by supplying improved seeds and fertilizers, which tend to support improving the smallholder farms.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of the Factors that Affecting Maize Production of Farmers among Smallholders: The Case of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Murad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Smallholder Farm

In Ethiopia, maize is the second largest in production areas and first in its productivity but there are high yield gaps between the actual yield currently producing and the potential yield. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify factors that affecting maize production of smallholder farmers at the farm level in the Meta district in the east Hararge zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A two-stage random sampling technique was employed and a total of 200 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multiple linear regression models were used to analysis factors that affect maize production among smallholder farmers. The result showed that the production of maize was influenced by several factors. The coefficient provided that as the farmers obtained 1 dollar from non-farm activity, the maize production of farmers increased by 293.2 kg, keeping other factors constant. Thus, the farmers who had money from non-farm sources used as additional income to gain agricultural inputs for maize production and thus generate more maize quantity. The result was pointed out that the size of the cultivated areas of land had a positive influence on the quantity of maize production of farmers. The coefficient entailed that as the size of the cultivated areas of land increased by one hectare, the farmer’s quantity of maize production increased by 140.4 kg by keeping other factors constant. The result was also indicated that other factors being constant, the maize crop production of smallholder farmers of Meta district was decreased by 4 kg as Development Agent’s (DA’s) office distance increased by one minute. The possible explanation was that extension services were a critical source of information on agronomic practices. Therefore, policy makers should encourage the current maize production and supplying improved seed and chemical fertilizer which support to improve smallholder farm households’ welfare by increasing their sources of income.

scholarly journals Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Markose Chekol Zewdie ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Daregot Berihun Tenessa ◽  
Zemen Ayalew Ayele ◽  
Jan Nyssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

In the past decade, to improve crop production and productivity, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious irrigation farming expansion program and has introduced new large- and small-scale irrigation initiatives. However, in Ethiopia, poverty remains a challenge, and crop productivity per unit area of land is very low. Literature on the technical efficiency (TE) of large-scale and small-scale irrigation user farmers as compared to the non-user farmers in Ethiopia is also limited. Investigating smallholder farmers’ TE level and its principal determinants is very important to increase crop production and productivity and to improve smallholder farmers’ livelihood and food security. Using 1026 household-level cross-section data, this study adopts a technology flexible stochastic frontier approach to examine agricultural TE of large-scale irrigation users, small-scale irrigation users and non-user farmers in Ethiopia. The results indicate that, due to poor extension services and old-style agronomic practices, the mean TE of farmers is very low (44.33%), implying that there is a wider room for increasing crop production in the study areas through increasing the TE of smallholder farmers without additional investment in novel agricultural technologies. Results also show that large-scale irrigation user farmers (21.05%) are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation user farmers (60.29%). However, improving irrigation infrastructure shifts the frontier up and has a positive impact on smallholder farmers’ output.

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

Subsistence Sustained: Swidden or Milpa Cultivation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Klepeis ◽  
Colin Vance
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Swidden Cultivation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Maya People ◽  
House Gardens

From the modern settlement of the southern Yucatán peninsular region to the present, smallholder farmers have followed a system of cultivation variously labeled swidden, slash-and-burn, or shifting within agricultural typologies (Watters 1971; but see Denevan 1992), and known as milpa in the Yucatán and Maya lowlands. Milpa cultivation has been so pervasive historically and geographically throughout the peninsula and the subject of such an extensive literature, that its description is only briefly reviewed here. Understanding the character and dynamics of this system of cultivation, including its long-term prognosis for continued use within the development of the region, is essential for understanding land changes and modeling them, although recent changes in cropping strategies portend the emergence of a ‘new’ kind of milpa. Swidden cultivation in the region, as elsewhere in Middle America, is invariably undertaken as an outfield activity—located at some distance from the farmstead—and is accompanied by small but complex housegardens or solares adjacent to and surrounding the house (e.g. Killion 1992; but see Gómez-Pompa 1987). The house-garden not only provides shade for the abode, it provides fruits, nuts, medicinal and ornamental plants, and a place for cropping experiments (Keys 1999). The extent and elaboration of house-gardens in the southern Yucatán peninsular region appears to be tied to the length of residency and, perhaps, ethnicity of the resident. Maya people, for example, tend to maintain large and elaborate solares. House-gardens tend to be smaller, even unrecognizable to the untrained eye, in the few densely settled communities in the region (e.g. Xpujil). As these gardens are not yet a central element of the broader dynamic of land change in the region, they are not given further attention here. The outfield or swidden supplies maize (Zea mays L.), planted in several varieties and serving as the consumption staple. Depending on the household, some portion of the maize crop may be sold. This ‘dual’ production function has been part of swidden in the region at least since the opening of Highway 186, reflecting government policy promoting commercial maize production (Ch. 7) and the abundant land awarded to individual ejidatarios at that time.

scholarly journals Potentials of hybrid maize varieties for small-holder farmers in Kenya: A review based on swot analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (57) ◽  
pp. 7562-7586
Author(s):  
C Schroeder ◽  
◽  
T Onyango K’Oloo ◽  
NB Ranabhat ◽  
NA Jick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Maize is the primary staple crop in Kenya and plays an important role in the livelihood of the people of Kenya. Its availability and abundance determines the level of welfare and food security in the country. In Kenya, future increases in maize production to meet domestic demand will have to rely on improvements in yield per hectare rather than on the expansion of maize production area. Enhanced maize productivity can be achieved by increased use of modern production techniques such as the adoption of hybrid maize varieties, the use of chemicals and fertilizer application. Small-scale maize prodcution plays a major role in Kenya’s maize economy and adoption of hybrid technology by small-scale farmers would have the potential to address sustainability and supply issues. However, such modern technologies are still rarely used by Kenya’s small-scale farmers, particularly by those in marginal areas. This study, therefore, tries to review the reasons for the low rate of adoption of hybrid maize varieties among small-scale farmers with focus on those smallholders in Kenya’s marginal areas. Lack of awareness of existing or newly released hybrid varieties, lack of hybrid varieties adapted to marginal areas, lack of confidence in the quality of some hybrid maize seeds, poor access to stockists, low profitability due to high seed cost, inadequate access to credit, the need for fertilizer application and low literacy level have been found to be important factors explaining the low adoption rates by smallholder maize producers in marginal areas. In addition, these constraints might also explain the widespread practice of recycling hybrid grain among small-scale farmers once they have adopted hybrid maize varieties. Therefore, it is hoped that by overcoming these constraints, the adoption of hybrid maize varieties among smallholder farmers could be greatly enhanced, which in turn could lead to a significant positive impact on the country’s food security situation.

scholarly journals What drives smallholder farmers’ crop production choices in Central Zambia? Lessons from the 2012/2013 agricultural season

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga ◽  
Bridget Bwalya Umar ◽  
Jane Muchabi ◽  
Chishimba Mubanga
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Household Food

The study, conducted in central Zambia was aimed at determining the major drivers of crop production choices among smallholder farmers. It utilized recent national crop production and utilization data; 200 semi-structured interview schedules, and key informant interviews conducted with smallholder farmers and experts from the agricultural sector in Zambia respectively. Results showed that despite being confronted by late on-set of rains and post germination crop attacks by army worms which made maize (Zea mays) production extremely precarious, 61.5% of the affected smallholder farmers replanted their cultivated land with maize. The farmers had a choice of whether to replant maize which had a ready market from the state agency, the Food Reserve Agency, or to plant a drought tolerant crop such as sorghum or millet which would have guaranteed them with household food security from own production. They mainly chose the former option. They increased production of other crops such as soya beans (Glycine max), sun flower(Helianthus annuus) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) when contract farming with private business entities became available. Markets determined smallholder farmers’ crop production choices more than household food security from own production or availability of climate information forecasting poor rainfall distribution. The study concludes that (i) prior knowledge of climate information does not necessarily result in a change of smallholder farmers’ crop production choices in response to a predicted climate anomaly, (ii) markets are a major determinant of crops cultivated by smallholder farmers, and hence adaptation measures involving crop diversification should be designed with market availability in mind. 

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Choice of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices to Adapt to Climate Change in Masaba South Sub-County, Kisii, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Jared O. Nyang’au ◽  
Jema H. Mohamed ◽  
Nelson Mango ◽  
Clifton Makate ◽  
Alex N. Wangeci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Change Perception ◽  
Climate Change Perception

Aims: This study evaluated determinants that influence choice of Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices among smallholder farmers in Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya. Study Design: This study used a multivariate probit model to evaluate determinants that influence farmers’ choice of CSA practices. Place and Duration of Study: Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya between the second week of April 2019 and the last week of May 2019. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 196 households, 3 focused group discussions and 7 key informant interviews. Information such as socio-economic, land ownership, climate change perception, crop production practices and institutional characteristics were collected from the households. Results: The results showed that crop diversification, change of crop varieties and crop rotation and/or mixed cropping are the dominant adaptation strategies in the study area. Access to credit, farm income, climate change perception and household size have a significant positive influence on adoption of most CSA practices. Small-sized farms, lack of access to extension services, level of education and inaccessibility to weather and climate information were major barriers influencing adoption of CSA practices. Conclusion: To reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers to impacts of climate variability and change, the study recommends the need to enhance increased access to extension services and timely dissemination of climate information to farmers in the form they can easily understand and decode.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI, KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN, DAN KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Sindi Dwiroro Pangestu ◽  
Yunan Surono
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
T Test ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
F Test ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Book Value

The research was done in the agricultural sector listed on the indonesian stock period 2011-2014 .The agricultural sector is a company that their activities trying to establish a certain plants on land or media all other plants .The agricultural sector listed on the efek indonesia which is there are 16 company where who was elected to the sample is purposive sampling , then become a sample in this research was as much as 4 companies are as follows: PT. Astra Argo Lestari Tbk, PT. Jaya Agra Wattie Tbk, PT. PP London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk, and PT. Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk. The methodology be done in descriptive analysis and use the regression analysis multiple linear using spss 22 and statistic asumsition clasic test. The done is the hypothesis F test and the t test. and know to determine how much the determination (R2). Based on the results of this research suggests that in simultan between Return On Assets (ROA), Debt Asset Ratio (DAR) and Dividends Payout Ratio (DPR) significant Price Book Value (PBV) because f test larger than f tabel of 18,190 >  3,49 and the standard significant numbers (sig) of 0,000 < 0,05 so that it can be said to exist a positive influence .While in partial only Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) that influence the Price Book Value (PBV) because t test greater than t table of 2,798 > 2,179. The value of the determination (R2) of 82% influenced by Return On Assets (ROA), Debt Asset Ratio (DAR), and Devidend Payout Ratio (DPR) the dominant significant Price Book Value (PBV) of 18% influenced by other factor. And only Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) a variable dominant significant Price Book Value (PBV) as much as 2,798 >2,179. So Ho been denied and Ha accepted, it means have had a positive impact significantly on variables Price Book Value (PBV) in the agricultural sector listed on the efek indonesia the period 2011 -2014.Keywords: an investment decision , the funding , dividend policy , and value of enterprise.

INTERNATIONAL ASPECT OF PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS PROTECTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kurchin ◽  
◽  
Аnna Pakhomova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to the study and further generalization of world practice in the field of protection of plant variety rights. Undoubtedly, the development and improvement of legal regulation of breeding activities and the introduction of new plant varieties in agricultural production - one of the most promising areas of modern agricultural law, which is the result of modern agricultural policy. Emphasizing the peculiarities of the legal regulation of selection activities, it is noted that the right to a variety is a non-traditional object of intellectual property. Unlike industrial property, which after its development acquires a finished form and does not change during use, biological objects are changeable. This is especially true of plants, the use of which requires re-propagation by means of reproductive material. In the case of legal protection of plant varieties, the object of legal protection itself is separated from its material carrier, reproductive material, the circulation of which also requires special legislation. In addition, it is investigated that in Ukraine today the main problem is the lack of discipline and responsibility in the implementation of existing norms, control and clear division of powers between the bodies involved in the registration of plant varieties. The lack of personal responsibility of officials, including material, in relation to applicants, as provided by European norms, is also indicated. As a result, it is proposed to amend the current legislation, adapted to international law, including the main provisions of the UPOV Convention, which should positively affect the activities of breeders in the field of plant variety rights, encouraging them to new breeding achievements. Such changes will lead to the definition of the most effective priorities in crop production, will give new incentives to increase competition, which will have a positive impact on the development of the private sector of the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals The Influence of Price and Non-Price Factors on Acreage Response of Maize in Eswatini

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
D. V. Dlamini ◽  
S. G. Dlamini ◽  
D. Akelrele ◽  
Q. Jele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Error Correction Modeling

The study analyzes the acreage response of maize with respect to price and non-price factors in Swaziland during the period 1968-2017. Rainfall and agricultural policy are the non-price factors considered in this study. The Cointergration and Vector Error Correction Modeling approaches were used to estimate the short run and long run elasticities of price and non-price factors acreage response of maize in Eswatini. The results confirm that non-price factors seem to have more effect on acreage response in the long run. The introduction of the Maputo declaration policy in 2003 had not yeld the positive impact on maize annual acreage changes. The study also shows that climatological factors such as rainfall has a positive influence on maize production and resource allocation both in short and long run. Development of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies would assist the maize production sector in the country. The strategies cannot affect natural conditions like rainfall, but it can compensate for the negative impact of climate change by increasing investment in irrigation, promoting efficient use of water and encouraging adoption of drought resistant varieties of seeds.

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