scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING PYROCARBON IN AN ELECTROTHERMAL FLUIDIZED BED

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
K.V. Simeyko ◽  
A.I. Malinouski ◽  
S.O. Karsim ◽  
M.A. Sydorenko ◽  
A.D. Kustovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Artificial Graphite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluidizing Agent ◽  
Pyrocarbon Coating ◽  
The Heat Balance

Carbon materials with a wide range of performance properties are used in various science, technology, and industry fields. For example, Pyrocarbon has the prospect of being used in nuclear power engineering, special metallurgy, aerospace technologies, heat exchange equipment, medicine, mechanical engineering, reactor building and other industries. The research described in the article aims to study the process of obtaining pyrocarbon in an electrothermal fluidized bed. The research is based on experimental methods of studying the process of obtaining pyrolytic carbon. Pyrocarbon is precipitated during pyrolysis (thermal destruction) of hydrocarbons in an electrothermal fluidized bed reactor. Natural gas was used as a fluidizing agent, and crushed fine electrode graphite of the GE model was used as a fluidized bed. When producing batches of pyrocarbon material, taking into account that the particle size will increase, these particles were crushed and subsequently used as a fluidized bed, thereby replacing graphite with pyrocarbon. As a result of the experimental studies carried out in the reactor with the electrothermal fluidized bed reactor, the batches of pyrocarbon material that were produced based on artificial graphite were produced. Studies using electron microscopy showed a change in the color and structure of the pyrocarbon coating depending on the processing cycle in the electrothermal fluidized bed reactor at temperatures of 900–1200 °C. Diffractometric analysis showed that pyrocarbon was identified in the treated material. Therefore, the adequacy of the method for calculating the heat balance has been confirmed. Bibl. 36, Fig. 7, Table 1.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Gas Production from Gasification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaili Shahlan ◽  
Kamarizan Kidam ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali ◽  
Ljiljana Medic Pejic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Palm Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Waste

Malaysia is one of the largest producers of palm oil and this industry plays an important role in Malaysia economic growth. As this industry grows larger, a significant amount of oil palm waste is generated, creating the problem of overloading biomass waste. Since the oil palm waste has many significant uses such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), the interest in production of hydrogen gas as the renewable energy from EFB also increases. The most common and favorable thermochemical processes to produce the hydrogen gas is gasification process in fluidized bed reactor. Regardless of tremendous experimental studies done on effectiveness of using EFB for production of hydrogen, the process implementation in industry is still discouraging. This is due to lack of proven technology and high capital cost of investment.  In this study, a computational modeling was developed for EFB gasification in fluidized bed gasifier using the ASPEN PLUS simulator (v. 8.8) to optimize the gasification temperature, pressure and to study the different of chemical behavior. The results indicated that increase in temperature will increases the production of hydrogen and enhances carbon conversion efficiency. The optimum temperature and pressure was 850 °C and 1.035 bar respectively. The result shows that the char was removed significantly after several gas cleaning process. The final product for purified hydrogen gas is 14.5 kg/hr which is around 21% of hydrogen yield. Based on the result, it indicates that EFB has a potential to be used as a source of energy in a future.

Experimental Studies on H2-Rich Gas Production by Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass in an Intermittent Fluidized Bed Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qun Wang ◽  
Zhao Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Gasification Temperature

This paper illustrates the experimental results of co-gasification of biomass and coal in an intermittent fluidized bed reactor, aiming to investigate the effects of gasification temperature (T) and steam to biomass mass ratio (SBMR) on the composition, yield, low heating value (LHV) and carbon conversion efficiency of the product gas. The results show that H2-rich gas with a high LHV is generated, in the range of 12.22-18.67 MJ/Nm3, and the H2 content in the product gas is in the range of 28.7-51.4%. Increases in temperature lead to an increase in CO and H2 content. The H2/CO molar ratio in the product gas is close to 1 at temperature above 925 °C. With steam addition, the H2 content increases gradually, while the content of CO increases first and then decrease correspondingly. The molar ratio of H2/CO is close to 1 with the smallest supplied amount of steam addition (SBMR =0.4).

High Temperature Fluidized Bed Reactor Kinetics With Sintering Inhibitors for Iron Oxidation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al-Raqom ◽  
J. F. Klausner ◽  
D. Hahn ◽  
J. Petrasch ◽  
S. A. Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Silica Powder ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Bed Temperature

High purity hydrogen is produced through a thermochemical water splitting process that utilizes iron reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. An iron powder bed is fluidized to improve heat and mass transfer thus improving the reaction kinetics. Inert additives which act as sintering inhibitors, such as silica (SiO2) and zirconia (ZrO2), are added to the iron powder, and their effectiveness in inhibiting sintering in the oxidation step is evaluated. The influence of particle size, composition, mass fraction and bed temperature on reaction kinetics is investigated. Incorporation of zirconia in the powder bed is done by mixing it with iron powder or by coating the iron particles with a mixture of 1–3 μm and 44 μm zirconia particles. Two different batches of silica are used for blending with iron powder. The silica powder batches include particle diameters ranging from 0–45 μm and 200–300 μm. The mixing ratios of silica to iron are 0.33, 0.5, 0.67 and 0.75 by apparent volume. Experimental studies are conducted in a bench scale experimental fluidized bed reactor at bed temperatures of 450, 550, 650, 750 and 850 °C. It is verified that increasing the bed temperature and the steam residence time increases the hydrogen yield. Increasing the iron particle size reduces the specific surface area and reduces the hydrogen yield. It has been found that sintering can be completely inhibited by mixing iron with 0–45 μm silica powder and maintaining the reaction temperature below 650 °C.

Investigation of Gasification Reaction of Pulverized Char Under N2/CO2 Atmosphere in a Small-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thobias Kreitzberg ◽  
Herman D. Haustein ◽  
Benjamin Gövert ◽  
Reinhold Kneer
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Boudouard Reaction ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Surface Evolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gasification Reaction

A method for the experimental investigation of gas–solid reactions in a small-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is presented. This methodology enables high heating rates (≈104 K/s), long timescale observation (up to several hours), operation with small fuel particles (≈100 μm), and accurate control of reaction conditions. In this study, the gasification reaction of biomass-based char particles with carbon dioxide–nitrogen gas mixtures is investigated under atmospheric pressure. On varying process temperature and feed-gas composition over a wide range, consistent results are realized (temperature is varied between 1173 and 1373 K, while the CO2 concentration is adjusted in an interval of 20% up to 80%). Carbon conversion curves and reaction rates are established from real-time gas product analysis by FTIR spectrometry through a detailed data analysis procedure. This procedure employs a particle surface-evolution model and accounts for sampling system signal attenuation. The obtained reaction rates are used to demonstrate the determination of kinetic parameters for different kinetic approaches concerning the heterogeneous CO2 gasification (Boudouard reaction). Throughout this study, a comparison of both different surface-evolution models as well as kinetic approaches with experimental results is performed for the inspection of best consistency.

scholarly journals Prediction of gas holdup in a combined loop air lift fluidized bed reactor using Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Venkatachalam ◽  
Akilamudhan Palaniappan ◽  
Senthilkumar Kandasamy ◽  
Kannan Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Holdup ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Newtonian Liquids ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity

Many experiments have been conducted to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of column reactors and loop reactors. In this present work a novel combined loop airlift fluidized bed reactor was developed to study, the effect of superficial gas and liquid velocities, particle diameter, fluid properties on gas holdup by using Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Compressed air was used as gas phase. Water, 5% n-butanol, various concentrations of glycerol (60 % and 80 %) were used as Newtonian liquids, different concentrations of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (0.25 %, 0.6 % and 1.0 %) aqueous solutions were used as non-Newtonian liquids. Different sizes of Spheres, Bearl saddles and Raschig rings were used as solid phases. From the experimental results it was found that the increase in superficial gas velocity increases the gas holdup, but it decreases with increase in superficial liquid velocity and viscosity of liquids. Based on the experimental results a correlation was developed to predict the gas holdup for Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids for a wide range of operating conditions at a homogeneous flow regime where the superficial gas velocity is approximately less than 5 cm/s.

Dehydrogenation of propane–isobutane mixture in a fluidized bed reactor over Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst: Experimental studies and mathematical modelling

2011 ◽  
Vol 176-177 ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Vernikovskaya ◽  
I.G. Savin ◽  
V.N. Kashkin ◽  
N.A. Pakhomov ◽  
A. Ermakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Removal of microcystin-LR from drinking water with TiO2-coated activated carbon

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
S.-C. Kim ◽  
D.-K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Tio2 Particles

TiO2-coated granular activated carbon was employed for the removal of toxic microcystin-LR from water. High surface area of the activated carbon provided sites for the adsorption of microcystin-LR, and the adsorbed microcystin-LR migrated continuously onto the surface of TiO2 particles which located mainly at the exterior surface in the vicinity of the entrances of the macropores of the activated carbon. The migrated microcystin-LR was finally degraded into nontoxic products and CO2 very quickly. These combined roles of the activated carbon and TiO2 showed a synergistic effect on the efficient degradation of toxic microcystin-LR. A continuous flow fluidized bed reactor with the TiO2-coated activated carbon could successfully be employed for the efficient photocatalytic of microcystin-LR.

Influence of Seeding Conditions on Initial Biofilm Development during the Startup of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ehlinger ◽  
J. M. Audic ◽  
G. M. Faup
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Initial Biofilm

The characterization of the biofilm of an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor was completed under standard conditions. The distribution of the fixed protein concentration depended on the level in the reactor. The protein concentration reached 1520 µg.g−1 of support at the top of the reactor and only 1200 µg.g−1 at the bottom after 504 hours of operation but the specific activity of the biofilm was 33×10−4 µM acetate.h−1.mg−1 proteins at the bottom and only 26×10−4 µM.h−1.mg−1 at the top. The efficiency of a fluidized bed reactor and the composition of the biofilm changed with an increase of the pH from 7 to 8.5 during the seeding of the support material. Future development of the biofilm and the specific activity of the support were affected.

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