scholarly journals Characterization of Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Fermentation Pit Mud of Different Ages for Production of Strong-Aroma Baijiu

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
XU-JIA WANG ◽  
HONG-MEI ZHU ◽  
ZHI-QIANG REN ◽  
ZHI-GUO HUANG ◽  
CHUN-HUI WEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pit Mud

In the traditional fermentation process of strong-aroma Baijiu, a fermentation pit mud (FPM) provides many genera of microorganisms for fermentation. However, the functional microorganisms that have an important effect on the quality of Baijiu and their changes with the age of fermentation pit (FP) are poorly understood. Herein, the Roche 454 pyrosequencing technique and a phospholipid fatty-acid analysis were employed to reveal the structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities in FPM samples that have been aged for 5, 30, and 100 years. The results revealed an increase in total prokaryotic biomass with an FP age; however, Shannon’s diversity index decreased significantly (p < 0.01). These results suggested that a unique microbial community structure evolved with uninterrupted use of the FP. The number of functional microorganisms, which could produce the flavor compounds of strong-aroma Baijiu, increased with the FP age. Among them, Clostridium and Ruminococcaceae are microorganisms that directly produce caproic acid. The increase of their relative abundance in the FPM might have improved the quality of strong-aroma Baijiu. Syntrophomonas, Methanobacterium, and Methanocorpusculum might also be beneficial to caproic acid production. They are not directly involved but provide possible environmental factors for caproic acid production. Overall, our study results indicated that an uninterrupted use of the FP shapes the particular microbial community structure in the FPM. This research provides scientific support for the concept that the aged FP yields a high-quality Baijiu.

Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Volatile Compounds in the Pit Mud Used for Manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu Based on High-Throughput Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbo Liu ◽  
Mengxiao Sun ◽  
Pei Hou ◽  
Wenya Wang ◽  
Xiangkun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pit Mud

Abstract In this study, the pit mud used in manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu was collected from the upper, middle, lower and bottom layers of pits in Henan Yangshao Liquor Co., LTD. Besides, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology was adopted to analyze the microbial community structure of the pit mud. In addition, the volatile compounds in the pit mud were subjected to preliminarily qualitative analysis through headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of HTS demonstrated that there were 5, 3, 5 and 5 dominant bacterial phyla (including 11, 11, 9 and 8 dominant bacterial genera) and 3, 3, 3 and 3 dominant fungal phyla (including 4, 7, 7 and 5 dominant fungal genera) in the pit mud from F-S (upper), G-Z (middle), H-X (lower) and I-D (bottom), respectively. The qualitative analysis results of volatile compounds demonstrated that a total of 78 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in the pit mud, including 46, 45, 39 and 49 kinds in the pit mud from F-S, G-Z, H-X and I-D, respectively. Ester and acid were the two main components in the pit mud. Meanwhile, the correlation between microorganisms and main volatile compounds in the pit mud was analyzed. Moreover, Lentimicrobium, Syner-01 and Blvii28_wastewater-sludge group were found for the first time in the pit mud used for manufacturing Taorong-type Baijiu. The findings of this study could provide a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of pit mud and the flavor of Taorong-type Baijiu.

Phylum-Specific Primer Design and Implication in Quantification of the Microbial Community Structure in GuJingGong Pit Mud

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Mei Luo ◽  
Zhi Lei Gao ◽  
Hui Min Zhang ◽  
An Jun Li ◽  
Hong Kui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pit Mud ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers

In recent years, despite the significant improvement of sequencing technologies such as the pyrosequencing, rapid evaluation of microbial community structures remains very difficult because of the abundance and complexity of organisms in almost all natural microbial communities. In this paper, a group of phylum-specific primers were elaborately designed based on a single nucleotide discrimination technology to quantify the main microbial community structure from GuJingGong pit mud samples using the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers targeting a particular group would provide promising sensitivity and more in-depth assessment of microbial communities.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Influence of Parental Bedrock on Streambed Microbial Community Structure in Forested Streams

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (21) ◽  
pp. 7681-7688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Mosher ◽  
Robert H. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Benthic Microbial Communities

ABSTRACTA correlative study was performed to determine if variation in streambed microbial community structure in low-order forested streams can be directly or indirectly linked to the chemical nature of the parental bedrock of the environments through which the streams flow. Total microbial and photosynthetic biomass (phospholipid phosphate [PLP] and chlorophylla), community structure (phospholipid fatty acid analysis), and physical and chemical parameters were measured in six streams, three located in sandstone and three in limestone regions of the Bankhead National Forest in northern Alabama. Although stream water flowing through the two different bedrock types differed significantly in chemical composition, there were no significant differences in total microbial and photosynthetic biomass in the sediments. In contrast, sedimentary microbial community structure differed between the bedrock types and was significantly correlated with stream water ion concentrations. A pattern of seasonal variation in microbial community structure was also observed. Further statistical analysis indicated dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality, which was previously shown to be influenced by geological variation, correlated with variation in bacterial community structure. These results indicate that the geology of underlying bedrock influences benthic microbial communities directly via changes in water chemistry and also indirectly via stream water DOM quality.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Community Structure and Target Organisms under Different Fumigation Treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadikshya R. Dangi ◽  
James S. Gerik ◽  
Rebecca Tirado-Corbalá ◽  
Husein Ajwa
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Field Samples

Producers of several high-value crops in California rely heavily on soil fumigants to control key diseases, nematodes, and weeds. Fumigants with broad biocidal activity can affect both target and nontarget soil microorganisms. The ability of nontarget soil microorganisms to recover after fumigation treatment is critical because they play an important role in sustaining the health of agricultural and natural soil systems. Fumigation trial was conducted in Parlier, CA, and the study focuses on the effects of different rates of Telone C35 and also methyl bromide fumigation with polyethylene (PE) and totally impermeable film (TIF) tarps on target and nontarget soil microorganisms using field samples. Results indicated that the populations of target organisms, such asFusarium oxysporumandPythiumspp., were reduced at all rates of fumigants. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis indicated that all major nontarget soil microbial groups such as Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were affected by methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation treatment. In general, the effects of Telone C35 (299 L/ha) under PE tarp had the least impact on microbial community structure and better effect on controlling target microorganisms and, therefore, indicated the better option among fumigation treatments.

Soil Microbial Community Structure in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) Garden Based on PLFA Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Dong Xue ◽  
Xiang Dong Huang ◽  
Lian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chronological Change

Understanding the chronological change in soil microbial community structure of tree peony garden ecosystem is important from ecological, environmental, and management perspectives. Soil samples were collected from three tree peony garden systems (5-, 12-, and 25-year-old tree peony gardens), and adjacent wasteland at Luoyang, Henan Province of China. Soil microbial community structure was analyzed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The bacterial and actinomycete PLFAs increased from the wasteland to 5-year-old tree peony garden and then decreased from the 5- to 25-year-old tree peony garden, and the fungal PLFA first increased and then decreased with the increasing planting years, with the greatest amount found in the 12-year-old tree peony garden. The conversion from the wasteland to tree peony garden resulted in a significant increase in Shannon index, Richness, and Evenness. However, with the succeeding development of tree peony garden ecosystems, Shannon index, Richness, and Evenness decreased from the 5- to 25-year-old tree peony garden.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of a Riverine Microbial Community to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3422-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Langworthy ◽  
Raymond D. Stapleton ◽  
Gary S. Sayler ◽  
Robert H. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Nucleic Acid Analysis

ABSTRACT The phenotypic and genotypic adaptation of a freshwater sedimentary microbial community to elevated (22 to 217 μg g [dry weight] of sediment−1) levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined by using an integrated biomolecular approach. Central to the approach was the use of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles to characterize the microbial community structure and nucleic acid analysis to quantify the frequency of degradative genes. The study site was the Little Scioto River, a highly impacted, channelized riverine system located in central Ohio. This study site is a unique lotic system, with all sampling stations having similar flow and sediment characteristics both upstream and downstream from the source of contamination. These characteristics allowed for the specific analysis of PAH impact on the microbial community. PAH concentrations in impacted sediments ranged from 22 to 217 μg g (dry weight) of sediment−1, while PAH concentrations in ambient sediments ranged from below detection levels to 1.5 μg g (dry weight) of sediment−1. Total microbial biomass measured by phospholipid phosphate (PLP) analysis ranged from 95 to 345 nmol of PLP g (dry weight) of sediment−1. Nucleic acid analysis showed the presence of PAH-degradative genes at all sites, although observed frequencies were typically higher at contaminated sites. Principal component analysis of PLFA profiles indicated that moderate to high PAH concentrations altered microbial community structure and that seasonal changes were comparable in magnitude to the effects of PAH pollution. These data indicate that this community responded to PAH contamination at both the phenotypic and the genotypic level.

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